UNIT 8

LEADERSHIP

GROUP 8
MRS: HOANG THI THANH NGA
OUR MEMBER
Phan Thi Thanh Hien
2214115159

Nguyen Thi Huong Giang

2211115025

Luu Tran Khanh Han

2211115026

Tran Nguyen Minh Han

2214115155

Nguyen Le Thuy Duyen

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 TABLE OF
CONTENT
1 Definition..................................1

2 Types of Leadership styles.........2

3
Differences between Leader and
Manager...................................13
4 Jack Ma's Case..........................14

5 Elements of a good leader.........21

6 Lessons....................................25

7 Vocabulary...............................26
DEFINITION OF LEADERSHIP
1. Leadership
Leadership is the ability of an individual or a group of people to
influence and guide followers or members of an organization,
society or team.

2. Leadership in Business

In business, leadership focuses on setting and achieving challenging

goals, taking fast and decisive action when needed, outperforming
the competition, and inspiring others to perform at the highest level
they can. Good business leadership will help develop the company
with long-term goals.

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LEADERSHIP STYLES
I. AUTHORITARIAN LEADERSHIP STYLE
1.Characteristics of the leadership authoritarian style
Some of the primary characteristics of authoritarian leadership
include:
Allow little or no input from group members
Require leaders to make almost all of the decisions
Provide leaders with the ability to dictate work methods and
processes
Leave the group feeling like they aren't trusted with decisions
or important tasks
Tend to create highly structured and very rigid environments
Discourage creativity and out-of-the-box thinking
Establish rules and tends to be clearly outlined and
communicated

There are also three primary types of authoritarian leadership:

Directing (rigid), permissive (slightly more flexible), and
paternalistic (strict but balanced with care and concern).

VOCABULARY
Authoritarian leadership (n): lãnh đạo độc tài
dictate (v): ra lệnh

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LEADERSHIP STYLES
I. AUTHORITARIAN LEADERSHIP STYLE
2.Benefits of Authoritarian Leadership

Provides Direction
Have you ever worked with a group of students or co-workers on
a project that got derailed by poor organization, a lack of
leadership and an inability to set deadlines?

If so, the chances are that your grade or job performance suffered
as a result. In such situations, a strong leader who utilizes an
authoritarian style can take charge of the group, assign tasks to
different members, and establish solid deadlines for projects to be
finished.

These types of group projects tend to work better when one

person is either assigned the role of leader or simply takes on the
job on their own. By setting clear roles, assigning tasks, and
establishing deadlines, the group is more likely to finish the
project on time and with everyone providing equal contributions.

VOCABULARY
Authoritarian leadership (n): Lãnh đạo độc tài
dictate (v): ra lệnh

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LEADERSHIP STYLES
I. AUTHORITARIAN LEADERSHIP STYLE
2.Benefits of Authoritarian Leadership
Relieves Pressure
This leadership style can also be used well in cases where a great
deal of pressure is involved. In situations that are particularly
stressful, such as during military conflicts, group members may
prefer an authoritarian style.

This allows members of the group to focus on performing specific

tasks without worrying about making complex decisions. This
also allows group members to become highly skilled at
performing certain duties, which is ultimately beneficial to the
success of the entire group.

Offers Structure
Manufacturing and construction work can also benefit from the
autocratic style. In these situations, it is essential that each
person have a clearly assigned task, a deadline, and rules to
follow.

VOCABULARY
military (a): thuộc về quân đội

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LEADERSHIP STYLES
I. AUTHORITARIAN LEADERSHIP STYLE
3.Downsides of Authoritarian Leadership

Discourages Group Input

Because authoritarian leaders make decisions without consulting
the group, people in the group may dislike that they are unable to
contribute ideas. Researchers have also found that authoritarian
leadership often results in a lack of creative solutions to
problems, which can ultimately hurt the group from performing.

Hurts Morale
Authoritarian leadership can also impair the morale of the group
in some cases. People tend to feel happier and perform better
when they feel like they are making contributions to the future
of the group. Since authoritarian leaders typically do not allow
input from team members, followers start to feel dissatisfied and
stifled.

Ignores or impairs creative solutions and expertise

from subordinates

VOCABULARY
stifled (a): ngột ngạt
expertise (n): chuyên môn
subordinate (n): cấp dưới 5
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LEADERSHIP STYLES
II. DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE
1.Characteristics of the leadership democratic style

Democratic leaders encourage their employees to think creatively

and are adaptable to new solutions and changing existing
processes. Their direct involvement and transparency often
inspire respect and trust from their employees. Democratic
leaders are often:
Team-focused
Flexible
Adaptable to change
Engaged listeners
Honest
Communicative

VOCABULARY
democratic leadership: Lãnh đạo dân chủ
transparency (n): sự minh bạch
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LEADERSHIP STYLES
II. DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE
2.Benefits of Democratic Leadership

Job satisfaction and commitment

When employees feel included in the decision-making process,
they often feel more valued by their employer. This sense of
importance can lead to higher productivity and loyalty to the
company, which, in turn, can lower job turnover for the
company.

Greater innovation
Open discussion encourages creativity and innovation. The more
people share new ideas, the more existing processes can be
improved and updated.

Multiple solutions generated

When the decision-making process requires collaboration and
multiple opinions, the discussion covers more possible solutions.
The group can analyze more aspects of a particular project and
find solutions that better address the organization's needs.

VOCABULARY
turnover (n): doanh số
productivity (n): năng suất

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LEADERSHIP STYLES
II. DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE
2.Benefits of Democratic Leadership

Less absenteeism
Employees who find more satisfaction in their jobs are more
likely to be absent from work. When employees feel valued, they
are more likely to commit to deadlines and even overtime, to
complete projects and help their team and company succeed.

Team cohesion
Involving people in the decision-making process can help
reinforce the company's vision. Everybody is a part of the group's
decision and understands the motivations behind this decision.
They know they are working towards a common goal. It
promotes greater cohesion within the group.

Trust between group members

When employees and management have equal decision-making
power and access to the same information, it increases the feeling
of trust among them. Each group member knows the motives
behind their leader's decision and doesn't need to question them.

VOCABULARY
reinforce (v): củng cố

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LEADERSHIP STYLES
II. DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE
3.Downsides of Democratic Leadership

Decision-making slows down

It might be more challenging to make fast decisions when the
decision-making process requires the input of everybody. The
time needed to organize meetings and discussions can be
detrimental to business when it necessitates quick decisions or
involves deadlines.

Performance may falter

Some employees are less able to perform under democratic
leadership because they don't like making decisions. They might
also have the impression that they work harder than the leader.

Leaders can feel overwhelmed

Leaders can find it this style of leadership takes more time and
effort when a team consensus is needed. This extra work may
contribute to missed deadlines and potential leader burnout.

VOCABULARY
detrimental (a): bất lợi
necessitates (v): bắt buộc
consensus (n): sự đồng thuận
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LEADERSHIP STYLES
III. DELEGATING LEADERSHIP STYLE
1.Characteristics of the leadership delegating style

Transferring control
Providing the big picture
Facilitating autonomy
Monitoring activities
Reinforcing results
Remaining accessible

Example: The S4 Leadership

VOCABULARY
delegating leadership (n): lãnh đạo uỷ nhiệm
autonomy (n): sự tự chủ
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LEADERSHIP STYLES
III. DELEGATING LEADERSHIP STYLE
1.Benefits of Delegating Leadership

Increases productivity
By assigning leadership to someone else, you can typically spend
more time conducting important duties and tasks. It may also
increase the productivity of the team, which can boost motivation
and commitment.

Allows for flexible leadership

The delegative leadership approach is typically one of the more
flexible leadership styles. It allows you to delegate responsibilities
and leadership duties to benefit specific environments and
situations, which is why it's part of the situational leadership
style.

Encourages autonomy
Autonomy is often a prominent aspect of a successful and
productive team, provided the team members have the skills and
expertise to operate autonomously. The S4 leadership style
focuses heavily on providing individuals with the freedom to
make their own decisions.

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LEADERSHIP STYLES
III. DELEGATING LEADERSHIP STYLE
3.Downsides of Delegating Leadership
Can create confusion
The transfer of leadership and executive responsibilities can
often confuse a team, at least for the initial phases of the
transfer. With excellent communication, though, you can
typically minimise the confusion.

Has a short-term focus

The delegating leadership style is beneficial for a short-term
delegation of leadership. This isn't necessarily a bad thing, but it
limits its benefits to short-term projects rather than ongoing
operations.

Requires an experienced team

A drawback of the S4 leadership style is the requirement for an
experienced team with extensive skills and expertise. If your
team doesn't have the skills to work autonomously, you can
usually improve their expertise with effective training and
development programs.

VOCABULARY
executive (n): điều hành

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LEADERSHIP STYLES
IV. VISIONARY LEADERSHIP STYLE

Visionary leadership is a type of leadership that focuses on

creating a vision for the future and inspiring others to make
it a reality.
It involves setting clear goals, creating a sense of purpose,
and motivating those around them to take action in order to
achieve the desired outcome.
Visionary leaders have strong communication skills, act as
mentors, and are able to look at the big picture while
inspiring their teams to work together. They are also creative
problem solvers who can think outside the box and find
innovative solutions to even the most difficult challenges.

VOCABULARY
Visionary leadership: Lãnh đạo định hướng

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 THANH HIEN

LEADER & MANAGER

1. Leaders motivate, Managers direct
Leaders motivate staffs to try their best in their work and tasks.
Furthermore, leaders strongly focus on people, build
relationships with them to know what they want. About
managers, they assign tasks and give instructions on how to
accomplish them.

2. Leaders create visions, Managers create goals

Leaders are intentional. They seek for new ways to develop
their people and company at USP. They even have a colorful
future company image in their mind. Whereas managers focus
on setting, measuring and achieving goals. They control
situations to reach or exceed their objectives.

3. Leaders think of long-term goals, Manager think

of short-term ones

Leaders are constantly looking forward and working through

change. They remain motivated without receiving regular
rewards. Managers work on shorter-term goals, seeking more
regular acknowledgment or accolades.

VOCABULARY
USP (unique selling point): điểm
khác biệt, độc đáo
accolade: sự khen thưởng
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 Minh Han

JACK MA'S CASE

INTRODUCTION
Jack Ma is a Chinese entrepreneur and the co-founder of Alibaba
Group which is a multinational group specializing in e-
commerce, technology, and various other sectors.
Alibaba's remarkable success can be attributed to the effective
implementation of good leaderships. So, Jack Ma conducted
various experiments with different leadership styles until
discovering the one that best suited their organization.

I. PAST LEADERSHIP STYLE

AUTHORITARIAN STYLE
1.Why did Jack Ma choose Authoritarian as his first
leadership style?
During Alibaba's early days in 1999, Jack Ma assumed an
autocratic leadership position as he was the only person who
drove the company forward. Besides, being the only person in his
small province with internet knowledge, Jack had to first
convince his friends and family that the internet was a real
phenomenon. As a result, Jack took on the role of
the executive decision-maker for all matters
related to Alibaba's business.

VOCABULARY
assume (v): đảm đương 14
 Minh Han

2. How did Authoritarian leadership style help

Jack Ma's business?
Strategic Decision-Making

The authoritarian leadership style often enables quick decision-

making, which can be crucial in a fast-paced industry like e-
commerce. Alibaba's ability to adapt swiftly to changing market
conditions, launch innovative services, and expand into new
business areas indicates effective decision-making processes.
Example
During the same time, the collapse of Enron Corporation which
is an American energy company in 2001 due to the lack of a
determined and ethical leadership led to misleading financial
statements, inflated profits, and unsustainable business
practices.
Strong Organizational Structure
The implementation of an authoritarian leadership style allows
for a clear hierarchical structure within the organization. This
helps to define roles and responsibilities for each staff member,
and streamlined processes. Moreover, Alibaba's well-structured
organization has played a role in its operational efficiency and
ability to scale rapidly.

VOCABULARY
streamlined (adj): được sắp xếp hợp lý

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 Minh Han

3. Why does Jack Ma no longer use Authoritarian

leadership style?
Inflexibility
One of the common challenges encountered by leaders is
inflexibility in their chosen leadership style. Many leaders tend to
stick with a single approach until it becomes ineffective, leading
to employee dissatisfaction and potentially the decline of the
company. Given Alibaba's status as a mature and established
organization, it is reasonable that they may have recognized the
need for a more collaborative leadership style.

Lose competent staffs

Authoritarian leadership style is when leaders of an organization

make decisions based on their own judgements and opinions.
They don't accept advice or ideas from other team members
within the organization which potentially causes irritation among
subordinates due to restricted decision-making freedom. This
can lead to a higher turnover rate among qualified staff.

VOCABULARY
turnover rate (n): tỉ lệ phần trăm nhân viên nghỉ
việc/ rời khỏi công ty, tổ chức.
subordinate (n): người có chức vụ, vị trí thấp
hơn người khác trong một công ty, tổ chức.
collaborative (adj): được thực hiện bởi những
thành viên cùng làm việc trong một tổ chức.

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 Khanh Han
JACK MA'S CASE
II. PRESENT LEADERSHIP STYLE
1. Democratic Style
No big gap between boss and employees.

Jack Ma has built the culture in the organization not too be

serious because he wants his employees to work happily as
a consequence of great working and loyalty.

Allow employees to take part in decision – making process.

He believes that the best decisions come when everything is

agreed upon by the majority. So that's why he always listens
to his employees’ opinions without arrogance and always
encourages members in the team to present their ideas.

VOCABULARY
arrogance (n): sự kiêu ngạo

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 Khanh Han
B
JACK MA'S CASE
II. PRESENT LEADERSHIP STYLE
1. Democratic Style

Allow employees to take part in decision – making

process.
Besides, he believes that he should get too involved in the
day-to-day decision-making of employees but instead
empowering them to thrive in their own creativity, and to
depend on their own experiences and resources as they strive
towards goals.

Collaboration.

The company would not be successful without the

ability of cooperation between members in the team for
the reason that most individuals do not have all skills.

VOCABULARY
strive for (v): cố gắng để đạt được điều gì
cooperation (n): sự hợp tác
get involved in (v): tham gia vào

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 Khanh Han
JACK MA'S CASE
II. PRESENT LEADERSHIP STYLE
2. Visionary leadership

Jack Ma stands between transformational leadership and

visionary leadership because he is a person with a broader
vision.

He is also a great visionary leader. At the beginning of

Alibaba, his company members didn’t like him because he
all the time thought about my 5 year, 10 year - goals. But
after they working together for 3-5 years, their employees
confirmed that he was right at that moment.

As a leader, you has to have a different view from the

normal people. When people are happy, he has to see the
unhappy things. And when people are unhappy, we has to
see the happy things.

VOCABULARY

visionary leadership (n): phong cách

lãnh đạo định hướng

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 Khanh Han

JACK MA'S CASE

II. PRESENT LEADERSHIP STYLE
3. Alibaba's achivements

Alibaba is one of the world's largest retailers and e-

commerce companies.
In January 2018, Alibaba became the second Asian
company to break the US$500 billion valuation mark,
after its competitor Tencent.
It is one of the top 10 most valuable corporations and
is named the 31st-largest public company in the world
on the Forbes Global 2000 2020 list.
In 2020, it was also rated as the fifth-largest artificial
intelligence company.
As of 2022, Alibaba has the ninth-highest global
brand valuation.

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 Huong Giang

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
OF A GOOD LEADER
Be a good listener
A good listener is someone who focuses completely on what
another person is saying and engages with their ideas in a
thoughtful, and comprehensive way.
For example: A good leader is a person who is willing to gain a
deeper understanding of their team members which could be
the challenges they are facing, difficulties in their life, and the
drawbacks when they are working together.
Overall, being a good listener is an essential quality for any
leader who wants to build strong relationships among their team,
improve communication, and make informed decisions.

VOCABULARY
Comprehensive (a): toàn diện
An informed decision (n): một quyết định sáng suốt

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 Huong Giang

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
OF A GOOD LEADER
The leader makes a decision that will affect the organization. In
doing so, a good leader has to make the fewest mistakes and
minimize the risks to the organization.
Leaders need to thoroughly evaluate and analyze the work from
various perspectives to make a well-informed decision. They must
carefully consider the pros and cons of the organization and its
objectives to efficiently implement a new strategy or an important
change.
To improve decision-making skills, it is required that leaders always
cultivate knowledge in their professional fields and across many
other different fields, with extensive practical experiences.

VOCABULARY
Perspective (n): khía cạnh
Implement (v): thực hiện

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 Huong Giang

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
OF A GOOD LEADER
Empower your team members
Firstly, give your team members autonomy: Allow them to take
ownership of their work and projects. This will give them a sense of
responsibility and empowerment. And it also means that you trust them,
their abilities, and their encouragement.
The second one is to provide resources: Make sure your team
members have the resources they need to do their job effectively.
This may include training, tools, and support.
The last one is to recognize achievements: Celebrate and acknowledge
the achievements of team members. This shows that you value their
contributions and encourage continued effort.
These things can help them feel motivated and engaged in their work,
which can lead to better results.

VOCABULARY

Autonomy (n): tự do/ tự chủ

Empower (v): trao quyền

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 Huong Giang

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
OF A GOOD LEADER
Ask for feedback on your leadership
1. Receiving feedback from others:
The others include your fellows, your employees, and those you work
with. They could give you some personal views or opinions regarding
your work as a leader.
It is useful for the next step:
2. Self-awareness:
Feedback can help us obtain a deeper understanding of our
strengths and weaknesses as leaders. We could review the working
process, and the way we treat or work with the other ones, and judge
ourselves on what we need to do for the upcoming stage.
3. Improvement or strengthening:
The awareness above allow us to identify areas for improvement and
build on our strengths. So on, we could have the respect of the employees
and hit the team targets, and the KPIs, and gain more success together.

VOCABULARY
KPI stands for key performance indicator:
chỉ số đánh giá hiệu quả công việc

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 Huong Giang

CONCLUSION
01
In summary, Jack Ma's leadership style evolved from
autocratic to democratic, emphasizing collaboration, employee
empowerment, vision, adaptability, and social responsibility.
His success serves as an inspiration for aspiring leaders to
develop their skills and create positive change.
And as a student. you may have an appropriate view as a
leader to organize, manage and lead your teams to success.

02
These are some traits of an excellent leader mentioned above:
being a good listener, having decision-making skills,
empowering team members, and asking for feedback on your
leadership that could be helpful tips for all of you taking to
references. Furthermore, each of us may have our approaches
and manners that are unique and fitting in some special cases.

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VOCABULARY
WORDS PRONUNCIATION DEFINITION

a streamlined business,
process, activity, etc. has
streamlined been made simpler and
/ˈstriːmlaɪnd/
(adj) more effective by reducing
costs, the number of
people involved in it

the percentage of
turnover rate employees who leave an
/ˈtɜːnəʊvə(r) reɪt/
(n) organization during a
certain period of time.

a person who has a

position with less
subordinate
/səˈbɔːdɪnət/ authority and power than
(n) somebody else in an
organization

assume to take or begin to have

/əˈsjuːm/
(v) power or responsibility

involving, or done by,

collaborative
/kəˈlæbərətɪv/ several people or groups of
(adj) people working together

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VOCABULARY
WORDS PRONUNCIATION DEFINITION

including all, or almost

Comprehensive all, the details, facts,
/ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/
(a) information, etc., that
may be involved

An informed decision is
having a risk assessment
and relevant information
An informed /ɪnˈfɔːmd dɪ gathered. An informed
decision ˈsɪʒn/ decision focuses on the
risks and benefits
involved in the decision-
making process.

a particular attitude
towards something; a way
Perspective (n) /pəˈspektɪv/ of thinking about
something, SYNONYM:
viewpoint

to make something that

Implement (v) /ˈɪmplɪment/ has been officially decided
start to happen or be used

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VOCABULARY
WORDS PRONUNCIATION DEFINITION

the ability to act and

make decisions without
Autonomy (n) /ɔːˈtɒnəmi/
being controlled by
anyone else

to give somebody the

Empower (v) /ɪmˈpaʊə(r)/ power or authority to do
something

KPI: stands for

a quantifiable measure of
key
performance over time for
performance a specific objective.
indicator

a feature of a product that

USP: unique makes it different from
selling point and better than other
similar products

accolade /ˈæk.ə.leɪd/ praise and approval

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VOCABULARY
WORDS PRONUNCIATION DEFINITION

the behaviour of a
person when they feel
that they are more
arrogance(n) /ˈærəɡəns/ important than other
people, so that they are
rude to them or do not
consider them

to try very hard to

strive (v) /straɪv/ achieve something

the fact of doing

something together or of
cooperation(n) /kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/ working together
towards a shared aim

someone in a high
position, especially in
executive (n) /ɪɡˈzek.jə.tɪv/ business, who makes
decisions and puts them
into action:

the ability to imagine

how a country, society,
Vision (n) /ˈvɪʒ.ən/ industry, etc. could
develop in the future
and to plan for this

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VOCABULARY
WORDS PRONUNCIATION DEFINITION

a type of leadership that

visionary focuses on creating a
leadership (n) vision for the future and
inspiring others to make
it a reality.

get involve in to take part in

demanding that people

obey completely and
authoritarian (a) /ˌɔː.θɒr.ɪˈteə.ri.ən/ refusing to allow them
freedom to act as they
wish

to give orders, or tell

someone exactly what
dictate (v) /dɪkˈteɪt/
they must do, with total
authority:

the rate at which a

company or country
makes goods, usually
judged in connection
productivity (n) /ˌprɒd.ʌkˈtɪv.ə.ti/ with the number of
people and the amount
of materials necessary to
produce the goods:

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VOCABULARY
WORDS PRONUNCIATION DEFINITION

relating to or belonging
military (a) /ˈmɪl.ɪ.tər.i/
to the armed forces:

be unable to breathe
stifle (v) /ˈstaɪ.fəl/
because you have no air

a high level of
expertise (n) /ˌek.spɜːˈtiːz/
knowledge or skill

a person who has a less

subordinate (n) /səˈbɔː.dɪ.nət/ important position than
you in an organization

based on the principles

democratic (a) /ˌdem.əˈkræt.ɪk/ of democracy

the characteristic of
transparency (n) /trænˈspær.ən.si/ being easy to see
through

the amount of business

turnover (n) /ˈtɜːnˌəʊ.vər/ that a company does in a
period of time:

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VOCABULARY
WORDS PRONUNCIATION DEFINITION

If something reinforces an
idea or opinion, it provides
reinforce (v) /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːs/ more proof or support for it
and makes it seem true:

detrimental (a) /ˌdet.rɪˈmen.təl/ causing harm or damage

to cause something to be
necessitates (v) /nəˈses.ɪ.teɪt/ needed, or to make something
necessary

a generally accepted opinion or

consensus (n) /kənˈsen.səs/ decision among a group of
people

a person chosen or elected by

delegate (n) /ˈdel.ɪ.ɡət/ a group to speak, vote, etc. for
them, especially at a meeting:

the ability to make your own

autonomy (n) /ɔːˈtɒn.ə.mi/ decisions without being
controlled by anyone else

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THANK YOU

GROUP 8