Mid-Term-Examination, Marks-20,

1. Consider a 30 mm thick plate with uniform heat generation of 60 MW/m3. The left and
right faces are kept constant temperature of 150°C and 110°C respectively. The plate
has a constant thermal conductivity of 350 W/(m K). Determine a) the expression for
temperature distribution in the plate, b) the location and value of maximum temperature
and c) the rate of heat transfer at left and right face. [6]

2. a) What are different types of boundary conditions required to solve any energy
equation? What is an initial condition? [2]
Ans: Temperature specified boundary, flux specified and convective boundary.
Condition at time =0 is initial condition
b) How is the boundary condition on an insulated surface expressed mathematically?
[2]
Ans: q=0, kdt/dx=0
c)What is the physical significance of the Grashof number and Nusselt number? [2]
Ans: Gr-Ratio of buoyancy to viscous force to viscous force, Nu-enhancement of heat
transfer through a fluid layer due to convection relative to conduction across the same
fluid layer.
d) Draw and compare the hydrodynamic and thermal entry lengths for the liquid
flowing through a pipe (Cp=2090 J/kg C, µ=1.3 cP, k=0.145 W/m° C) [2]
Ans: calculate Pr no. Re>1, hydrodynamic entry length is shorter than thermal.
3. Water is to be heated in a tube of diameter 2 cm and 7 m long, equipped with an electric
resistance heater on its surface. If water is flowing with uniform velocity of 3 m/s.
Determine, the power rating of the heater and surface temperature of the pipe at exit.
Inlet and exit temperature of water are 15°C and 85°C respectively. kwater= 0.637
W/m. °C [6]

Saturation Volume
Specific enthalpy of liquid Dynamic
Temperature Pressure vapor Density Specific heat heat
water viscosity
pressure capacity

°C Pa Pa kg/m3 kj/kg kcal/kg kj/kg.K kcal/kg.K kj/m3 kg/m.s

20.00 101325 2337 998.29 83.95 20.05 4.182 0.999 4174.70 0.001003

30.00 101325 4242 995.71 125.75 30.04 4.178 0.998 4160.53 0.000798

40.00 101325 7375 992.25 167.54 40.02 4.179 0.998 4146.28 0.000653

50.00 101325 12335 988.02 209.33 50.00 4.181 0.999 4130.87 0.000547

60.00 101325 19919 983.13 251.16 59.99 4.185 0.999 4114.05 0.000467

70.00 101325 31161 977.63 293.03 69.99 4.190 1.001 4096.03 0.000404

80.00 101325 47359 971.60 334.96 80.00 4.196 1.002 4077.20 0.000355

90.00 101325 70108 965.06 376.96 90.04 4.205 1.004 4058.00 0.000315

100.00 101325 101325 958.05 419.06 100.09 4.216 1.007 4038.82 0.000282
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