PURE SUBSTANCES

NOTES:

Gaseous Elements:

HYDROGEN:
 Hydrogen( Symbol- H)
 Lightest gas on the earth.
 Highly inflammable ( inflammable means that catches fire easily) because on
exposure to air it starts burning.
 Colourless, odourless and tasteless in nature.
 Major part of hydrogen is present in water in the form of hydrogen oxide and in the air in
the gaseous form.
 It is essential for life and it is present in all organic compounds.
 Hydrogen gas is used in fuel cells.

HELIUM :
 Helium( Symbol- He)
 most abundant
 Second lightest element in the universe.
 Colourless, odourless, tasteless gas.
 It is formed in the sun and star during nuclear fusion reaction.
 Helium being a very light gas is filled in airships and balloons.
 used in Helium jackets as a rocket fuel and a shield in gas in arc welding.

NITROGEN:
 Nitrogen is a colourless,odourless and tasteless gas
 abundant on earth surface.
 contain 78.1 % nitrogen.
 Nitrogen occurs in the body of all living organisms.
 It is a constituent element of proteins.
 Liquid nitrogen gives a smooth creamy and light texture to Ice creams.
 Its products are used as fertilizer for plants.

OXYGEN:
 Oxygen (Symbol- O)
 Third most abundant element in the universe.
 It is colourless, odourless and tasteless gas.
 It supports burning but is not inflammable.
 Oxygen is more soluble in water than nitrogen.
 It condenses into a liquid condenses into a light- blue liquid.
 It is produced during photosynthesis by plants.
 Primarily used for breathing by living organisms.
 Used in oxygen cylinders by patient and mountainaries.
 Used in manufacture of cosmetics.

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CHLORINE:
Chlorine (Symbol -Cl):
 It is greenish yellow is poisonous gas.
 It irritates the respiratory system.
 It was used in World War first as chemical weapon.
 heavier than air.
 Present in nature in form of salt in seawater and hydrochloric acid HCL in human
body.
 Used as a bleaching agent as disinfectant in hospitals.
 Used as a purifier to kill bacteria and germs in drinking water.

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