SAN ACADEMY,

PALLIKARANAI
1A, 200 Feet Radial Road, Narayanapuram,
Pallikaranai, Chennai – 600 100

ACADEMIC YEAR (2022-23)

PHYSICS PROJECT
TO NOTE THE CHANGE IN
LEVEL OF LIQUID IN A
CONTAINER ON HEATING AND
INTERPRET THE OBSERVATION

NAME OF THE STUDENT: M.K.VIMALADITTHAN

CLASS AND SECTION : XI-B

SUBJECT : PHYSICS

SUBJECT CODE : 042

ROLL NO : 38
GAYATHRI.J DATE:
SAN ACADEMY,
1A, 200 Feet Radial Road,
Narayanapuram,
Pallikaranai, Chennai – 600
100

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled “To note the change in level
of liquid in a container on heating and interpret the observation” was done
under my supervision.

The project work is being submitted by M.K.VIMALADITTHAN of class XI

– B as a part of the assessment in Physics examination. This is the original work
of the candidate during the academic year 2022-2023.

Signature of the Co-ordinator Signature of the Principal

Signature of the Subject Teacher School seal

Signature of the External Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I thank my Principal Ms. HEMALATHA SOORYANARAYANAN for giving

me a wonderful opportunity to do this project.

I thank my subject teacher GAYATHRI.J, who guided and helped me in doing

this project completely. I would also like to thank my parents who helped me in

completing my project successfully. I would also like to thank all my friends who

helped in completing this project.

M.K.VIMALADITTHAN

NAME OF THE STUDENT

 INDEX

S.No CONTENT Pg.No

1 AIM 1
2 APPARATUS REQUIRED 1
3 THEORY 1
4 DIAGRAM 1
5 PROCEDURE 2
6 OBSERVATIONS 2
7 CALCULATIONS 3
8 RESULT 3
9 INTERPRETATION 3
10 PRECAUTIONS 3
11 SOURCES OF ERROR 3
AIM:
To note the change in level of liquid in a container on heating and interpret the observation.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
o A round bottom glass flask with volume graduations in the neck
o Liquid (having boiling point above 100 C)
o water bath
o heating arrangement
o thermometer with hanging arrangement

THEORY:
o Real cubical expansion of a liquid = Apparent cubical expansion of the liquid + Cubical
expansion of the vessel.
o γr= γa+ γg

DIAGRAM:
(this diagram is only for reference)

1
PROCEDURE:
o Preparation: Make sure the round-bottom glass flask is clean and dry.

o Filling the Flask: Now pour the experimental liquid into the flask until it reaches the
marked point labeled as A to determine its known volume.

o Setting Up Heating Arrangement: Keep the flask inside a container filled with water,
and place this container on a tripod stand. Install a heating device, like a gas burner,
below the container.

o Thermometer Placement: Hang a thermometer into the liquid with its bulb positioned
at the center of the flask.

o Thermometer Least Count: Take notes of the thermometer's smallest increment and
record it.

o Initial Temperature Measurement: Record the initial temperature (t1°C) of the liquid.

o Heating Process Begins: Gradually apply some heat to the liquid while keeping an eye
on mark A. As the temperature increases, you will start to notice the liquid level
dropping, indicating contraction.

o Boiling Point Reached: Once the water in the container reaches its boiling point and the
temperature inside the flask stabilizes, note and record the liquid temperature (t2°C) and
the position of mark B. The space between marks A and B represents the cubical
expansion of the glass flask.

o Continued Heating: Maintain the heating process through the water bath. As the liquid
temperature rises, the liquid starts to expand. The liquid level inside the flask will rise
above mark A and continue to ascend.

o Steady State Reached: Eventually, the liquid level will stabilize at mark C. Record the
position of mark C. The volume between marks B and C indicates the real cubical
expansion of the liquid.

o Record your observations as given below.

OBSERVATIONS:
o Least count of thermometer = 0.2 C
o Initial (room) temperature of liquid(t1) =20 C
o Final (bath) temperature of liquid (t2) =100 C
S.no A(ml) B(ml) C(ml) Cubical Real Apparent
expansion cubical cubical
of liquid expansion expansion
VAB (ml) of vessel of liquid
VBC (ml) VAC (ml)
1 100 95 110 5 15 10
2 150 145 160 5 15 10
3 200 195 210 5 15 10
2
CALCULATIONS:
o VAB =VA - VB gives cubical expansion of the vessel
o VBC =VC - VB gives the real cubical expansion of liquid
o VAC =VA - VC gives the apparent cubical expansion of liquid

RESULT:
VBC > VAC
The value of VBC - VAC can be made lesser if a material having very small coefficient of cubical
expansion is used.

INTERPRETATION:
The liquid level falls due to initial thermal expansion of the container.

PRECAUTIONS:
o Boiling point should be higher than that of bath water.
o Liquid heating should be uniform throughout the bath.
o Observations should be taken when temperature becomes steady.

SOURCES OF ERROR:
o Heating of liquid may not be uniform.
o Temperature may not be steady.