Krushi Jivan Vikas Pratishtan- Yenbodi, Reg.

No F-294
BALLARPUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BALLARPUR- 442701
BTC - SCHOOL OF DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING
POLYTECHNIC (1543)

A MICRO PROJECT
on
Ecosystem
In
Electronics and Telecommunication
submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement in
curriculum of fifth semester in “I” – scheme

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

MUMBAI

SUBMITTED BY

(1) Nikhita Wandhare

(2) Mayuri Lonare
(3) Khushi moon
(4) Siddhi Bavne
(5) Shivani Patil

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Prof. Rohini Peddilwar

Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication
2023-24
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitle
is successfully completed for the fulfillment of the requirement

in fifth semester of “I” – scheme curriculum prescribed by

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai.

Place: BIT, Ballarpur (1543)

Date: / /2022

Prof. Rohini Peddilwar Prof. Balvir Chand

Project Guide Head of Department

Dated Signature Dated Signature

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is our great pleasure to present this project report with all our efforts to fulfill it in all aspects.

We would like to thank our Project Guide. Miss Rohini Peddilwar Assistant Professor, Department of _
Electronics and Telecommunication _ for his valuable guidance and all her support.

We would like to thank Prof . . Balvir Chand sir Head, Department of ____Consistent supervision__
for his consistent supervision.
We would like to thank Prof. SHRIKANT S GOJE, Principal of our institute for motivating and
inspiring us.

Lastly we would like to thank all the group members who took great efforts and worked hard to complete
it.

Project Group Members:

(1) Nikhita Wandhare
(2) Mayuri Lonare
(3) Khushi moon
(4) Siddhi Bavne
(5)Shivani Patil
 INDEX
Sr.
Particulars Page Number
No.

1 Teacher Evaluation Sheet 1

2 Progressive Assessment for Micro-Project 2-3

3 Introduction ecosystem. 4

4 Structure of the ecosystem. 5

5 Biotic components. 6

6 Abiotic components. 7-8

7 Reference. 9
 TEACHER EVALUATION SHEET FOR MICRO-PROJECT

Name of Student:
(1) Nikhita Wandhare
(2) Mayuri Lonare
(3) Khushi moon
(4) Siddhi Bavne
(5) Shivani Patil
Course Title and Code : EST(22447)
Semester : fifth
Title of the Project : Ecosystem
A) Given brief description on ecosystem.
B) Explained about the biotic and abiotic components.

Major Learning outcome achieved by the students by doing the project:

a) Practical outcomes:
NIL

b) Unit Outcomes (in Cognitive Domain):

Aspects and division of ecosystem.
Biotic and Abiotic factors.

c) Outcomes in Affective domain:

Marks;
(A) Marks for work
(B) Marks obtained by the individual based on viva
(C) Total Marks (A+B)

Name and Designation of the Faculty Member

Signature
 Progressive Assessment for Micro-Project

Title of Project: Ecosystem

Sr. Dated Signature
Date Activity performed Remarks by Project Guide
No. Project Guide
1 Prof. Rohini Peddilwar
informed us about micro
project
2 Prof. Rohini Peddilwar gives
our micro project

3 Discussed with Prof Rohini

Peddilwar on thi topic

4 Collected data from Internet

5 Discussed about collected data

with Prof. Rohini Peddilwar
6 I collected more data other
sources like book
7 Then I discussed of important
from internet
8 Then I watch vidios related to
project
9 Then I went to market an
purchase project material

10 Then I start making project

11 I have ended my microproject

12 Then I checked my micro

project from Prof. Rohini
Peddilwar

13 Made a correction in project

report
 14 studdied the project for viva

Project Group Members:

(1) Nikhita Wandhare
(2) Mayuri Lonare
(3) Khushi moon
(4) Siddhi Bavne
(5) Shivani Patil

Date of Submission: / /2022

Project Guide:- Miss Rohini Peddilwar

Dated Signature with Name and Designation

 INTRODUCTION

 ECOSYSTEM

An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals,

and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape,
work together to form a bubble of life. Ecosystems contain
biotic or living, parts, as well as abiotic factors, or nonliving
parts. Biotic factors include plants, animals, and
other organisms. Abiotic factors include rocks, temperature,
and humidity.

Every factor in an ecosystem depends on every other

factor, either directly or indirectly. A change in
the temperature of an ecosystem will often affect
what plants will grow there, for instance. Animals that
depend on plants for food and shelter will have to adapt to
the changes, move to another ecosystem, or perish.
  Structure of the Ecosystem
The structure of an ecosystem is characterised by the organisation of both
biotic and abiotic components. This includes the distribution of energy
in our environment. It also includes the climatic conditions prevailing in
that particular environment.
The structure of an ecosystem can be split into two main components,
namely:

 Biotic Components
 Abiotic Components
The biotic and abiotic components are interrelated in an ecosystem. It is an
open system where the energy and components can flow throughout the
boundaries
  Biotic Components
Biotic components refer to all living components in an ecosystem. Based
on nutrition, biotic components can be categorised into autotrophs,
heterotrophs and saprotrophs (or decomposers).

 Producers include all autotrophs such as plants. They are called

autotrophs as they can produce food through the process of
photosynthesis. Consequently, all other organisms higher up on the
food chain rely on producers for food.
 Consumers or heterotrophs are organisms that depend on other
organisms for food. Consumers are further classified into primary
consumers, secondary consumers and tertiary consumers.

o Primary consumers are always herbivores as they rely on

producers for food.
o Secondary consumers depend on primary consumers for
energy. They can either be carnivores or omnivores.
 o Tertiary consumers are organisms that depend on secondary
consumers for food. Tertiary consumers can also be carnivores
or omnivores.

o Quaternary consumers are present in some food chains.

These organisms prey on tertiary consumers for energy.
Furthermore, they are usually at the top of a food chain as they
have no natural predators.
 Decomposers include saprophytes such as fungi and bacteria. They
directly thrive on the dead and decaying organic matter.
Decomposers are essential for the ecosystem as they help in
recycling nutrients to be reused by plants.

 ABIOTIC COMPONENTS
Abiotic components or abiotic factors are nonliving factors that impact an
ecosystem. These factors are part of the ecosystem and influence the associated
living things but they are not living. The term abiotic is a mix of two words, these
are a- which means without, and bio which means life.

 Temperature A rise in temperature can change the development of

an animal, can cause changes in metabolic activity, and much more.
All organisms can tolerate a certain range of temperature and how
extreme temperatures lead to stressful conditions.

 Water Water covers more than 70% of the earth’s surface in one
form or the other. Compared to that, living organisms require a small
amount of water to live. Water is critical to survival.
 Atmosphere The atmosphere has important components like oxygen
and carbon dioxide, which animals and plants breathe to live and
 combine to produce carbohydrates, other organic materials, parts of
DNS, and proteins.

 Sunlight Sunlight is one of the most important abiotic factors and is

the primary source of energy. Plants require it for photosynthesis.

 Chemical Elements Chemical elements play a major role within the

environment to influence the type of organisms which can grow or
thrive in an area. The chemical composition, including pH level, has
a huge impact on the plants of an area. For example, plants like
azaleas thrive in acidic soils. Some elements, like zinc and copper,
are important micronutrients for the development of many organisms.

 Soil Soil is a critical abiotic factor. It is composed of rocks as well as

decomposed plants and animals.

 Wind The wind direction and speed in an area affect its temperature
and humidity. Very high wind speeds, often in mountainous areas,
can be the reason behind stunted plant growth. Wind also carries
seeds and aids in pollination.
 REFERENCE : https://en.wikipedia.org
https://www.vedantu.com
https://byjus.com
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org
https://www.toppr.com