Tense is a grammatical concept that refers to the time of an action or event in

relation to the present, past, or future. It is used to indicate when something

happened or is happening. In English, tense is typically expressed through the
conjugation of verbs.

Tense helps establish the temporal context of a sentence, allowing speakers or

writers to convey the timeline of events. By using different tenses, we can describe
actions or states that occurred in the past, are happening in the present, or will occur
in the future.

Present tense is a grammatical form used to describe actions or events that are
happening currently, Facts, Habitual Actions, Permanent or Inherent States, Scheduled
Events in the Near Future, Narration or Storytelling , Expressing Opinions or
Commenting on Present Situations:, Sporting Commentary or Live Broadcast,are
generally true or universal truth . It indicates actions or states that are taking place in
the present moment. In English, the present tense is typically formed by using the
base form (infinitive) of the verb, although there are some irregular verbs with
different conjugations.

1. Simple Present Tense:

 Form: Subject + base verb (e.g., work, eat)
Keywords/Signal Words: always, often, usually, sometimes, every day, on
Mondays, etc.
Example: She always drinks a cup of coffee in the morning.
2. Present Continuous Tense:
 Form: Subject + "be" verb (am/is/are) + present participle (-ing form)
Keywords/Signal Words: now, at the moment, currently, right now, etc.
 Example: They are currently studying for their exams.
3. Present Perfect Tense:
Form: Subject + "have" or "has" + past participle
 Keywords/Signal Words: already, yet, just, ever, never, recently, lately,
so far, etc.
 Example: I have already visited Paris twice.
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Form: Subject + "have been" + present participle (-ing form)
 Keywords/Signal Words: for, since, how long, all day, etc.
 Example: He has been studying all day.

Past tense is a grammatical form used to describe actions or events that have already
happened in the past. It indicates actions or states that occurred prior to the present
moment. In English, the past tense is typically formed by adding "-ed" to regular
verbs, although there are many irregular verbs with different conjugations.
5. Simple Past Tense:
  Form: Subject + past tense of the verb
Keywords/Signal Words: yesterday, last week, two years ago, in 1998, etc.
Example: They watched a movie last night.
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6. Past Continuous Tense:
 Form: Subject + "was" or "were" + present participle (-ing form)
Keywords/Signal Words: while, when, as, at 6 p.m., etc.
Example: She was reading a book when I called her.

7. Past Perfect Tense:
 Form: Subject + "had" + past participle
 Keywords/Signal Words: before, after, already, by the time, etc.
 Example: He had already eaten dinner when I arrived
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8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Form: Subject + "had been" + present participle (-ing form)
 Keywords/Signal Words: for, since, how long, all day, etc.
 Example: They had been playing tennis for hours before it started raining.
 Future tense is a grammatical form used to describe actions or events that will
happen after the present moment. It indicates actions or states that are yet to
occur. In English, the future tense is typically formed using auxiliary verbs such
as "will" or "shall" followed by the base form (infinitive) of the verb.
9. Simple Future Tense:
 Form: Subject + "will" or "shall" + base verb
 Keywords/Signal Words: tomorrow, next week, in the future, soon, etc.
 Example: We will meet tomorrow.
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10. Future Continuous Tense:
 Form: Subject + "will be" + present participle (-ing form)
 Keywords/Signal Words: at 8 p.m., this time tomorrow, etc.
 Example: She will be sleeping when you arrive
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11. Future Perfect Tense:
 Form: Subject + "will have" + past participle
 Keywords/Signal Words: by, in, by the time, etc.
 Example: By next year, I will have completed my degree
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12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Form: Subject + "will have been" + present participle (-ing form)
Keywords/Signal Words: for, since, how long, etc.
 Example: They will have been working here for five years in October.
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