Fy Ee Sem II Bme 22214 QP Model Answers

Zeal Education Society’s
ZEAL POLYTECHNIC, PUNE.

NARHE │PUNE -41 │ INDIA
FIRST YEAR (FY)

DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
SCHEME: I SEMESTER: II
NAME OF SUBJECT: BASIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SUBJECT CODE: 22214
MSBTE QUESTION PAPERS & MODEL ANSWERS

1. MSBTE SUMMER-18 EXAMINATION
2. MSBTE WINTER-18 EXAMINATION
3. MSBTE SUMMER-19 EXAMINATION
4. MSBTE WINTER-19 EXAMINATION
*22214*
22214
21718
3 Hours / 70 Marks Seat No.
Instructions : (1) All questions are compulsory.

(2) Illustrate your answers with neat sketches wherever necessary.
(3) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
(4) Assume suitable data, if necessary.
(5) Use of Non-programmable Electronic Pocket Calculator is permissible.
(6) Mobile Phone, Pager and any other Electronic Communication
devices are not permissible in Examination Hall.
Marks
1. Attempt any five : (2×5=10)

a) Define dryness fraction and degree of superheat.
b) What is compounding of steam turbines ?
c) Enlist four important components of I.C. engines.
d) Define Mach number.
e) Write two effect of knocking in engine.
f) Define ton of refrigeration.
g) Enlist two effects of frosting.
2. Attempt any three : (4×3=12)

a) Explain second law of thermodynamics and give 1 example of each statement.
b) Write the function of superheater and fusible plug in boilers.
c) Draw layout of steam power plant and name the components.
d) Explain construction and working of impulse turbine with simple sketch.

a) Suggest with justification the remedies in the following situations :
i) Engine does not start.
ii) Smokey exhaust of diesel engine.
b) Differentiate between open and closed cycle gas turbines.
c) Suggest various measures to control the pollution due to petrol engine and diesel engines.
d) A dam having 50 m head of water.
i) Suggest with justification the turbine to be used.
ii) Sketch the turbine you suggest.
P.T.O.
22214 *22214*
Marks
a) Explain the working of two stage reciprocating air compressor with PV diagram.
b) Suggest the type of air compressor for the following applications :
i) Refrigerator (domestic)
ii) Central air conditioner
iii) Air filling station
iv) Domestic air cooler.
c) Explain two methods to reduce power consumption of air compressor.
d) In a diesel engine, heat is supplied at the rate of 16.8 kW engine produces power at the rate of
4.2 kW. Estimate the brake thermal efficiency.
e) A turbine is operating on 120 m of water head. The discharge of water is 3.5 m3/s. Find the
power developed by the turbine, neglecting the losses. Take density of water 9.81 kN/m3.
5. Attempt any two : (6×2=12)

a) Explain with neat sketch the vapour compression system used in domestic refrigerator.
b) Suggest the remedial action to be taken over following faults occurred in window air conditioner.
i) Desired cooling effect is not getting.
ii) Air conditioner making more noise.
iii) Unit is not running.
iv) Throw of conditioned air in room is with bad odour and dust.
c) Suggest with justification the type of air conditioning system for
i) Computer lab of 60 computers
ii) Auditorium
iii) ATM.
6. Attempt any two : (6×2=12)

a) Explain the function of following :
i) Defrost heaters
ii) Thermostat
iii) HP/LP cutouts.
b) Classify various types of nozzles and give their applications.
c) Write with justification the situations when you will select the following pumps for particular
applications.
i) Centrifugal pump
ii) Jet pump
iii) Submersible pump.
_______________________
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
MODEL ANSWER
SUMMER– 18 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: BME Subject Code: 22214
Important Instructions to examiners:
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer
scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not
applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The
figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent
figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values
may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer
based on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent
concept.
Q. Su Answer Marking
No. b Scheme
Q.
N.
Q. 1 a) Dryness fraction: It is the mass fraction of vapour in a mixture of liquid and vapour at any 01 M
point in liquid-vapour mixture region. It is generally denoted by ‘x’. It is also called quality of EACH
steam.
Degree of superheat is given by difference between temperature of steam and saturation

temperature at given pressure.
Degree of superheat = Temperature of steam – Saturation temperature at given pressure.

2 Marks
Compounding of steam turbine is required as in case of simple impulse turbine, the single
b) stage may offer speed of the order of 30,000 rpm which cannot be directly used for any
engineering application and needs to be reduced. Also such a high speed shall induce large
stresses in the blades. Compounding is a thermodynamic means for reducing the speed of
turbine where speed reduction is realized without employing a gear box.
c) 01 M
Important components of I.C. engine: i) Cylinder block, ii) cylinder head, iii) crankshaft, iv) each
Piston, v) connecting rod, etc….
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d) Mach number is defined as the square root of the ratio of the inertia force of a fluid to the 02 Marks
elastic force.
Effects of knocking
e)
(1) Noise – As intensity of detonation increases, the sound intensity increases & it is harmful. Any two
(2) Mechanical damage – shock waves are so violent that it may cause mechanical damage like 01 m
each
breaking of piston. It increases the rate of wear erosion of piston.
(3) Power output & efficiency decreases - Power output & thermal efficiency decreases due to
abnormal combustion.
(5) Increase in heat transfer – Temperature of cylinder in detonating engine is higher than in
non – detonating engine, hence increases the heat transfer.
(6) Carbon deposits- Detonation results in increased carbon deposits.
ton of refrigeration’’ is defined as the refrigerating effect produced by the melting of 1 tonne 2 marks
f)
of ice from and at 0°C in 24 hours. Since the latent heat of fusion of ice is 336 kJ/kg, the
refrigerating effect of 336 × 1000 kJ in 24 hours is rated as one tonne, i.e.,
1 tonne of refrigeration (TR) = 336 1000 24 × = 14000 kJ/h.
g)
Effects of frosting: 01 mark
each
1. It will maintain operating efficiency
2. Increasing the space available for food storage
3. Frozen food will not stick together
4. Smells are limited
5. Better temperature management
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Q. 2 a)
Clausius Statement -“It is impossible for a self acting machine working in a cyclic process 02 M
each
unaided by any external agency, to convey heat from a body at a lower temperature to a body
at a higher temperature”. In other words, heat of, itself, cannot flow from a colder to a hotter
body.
Example : Heat pump
Kelvin-Planck Statement -“It is impossible to construct an engine, which while operating in a

cycle produces no other effect except to extract heat from a single reservoir and do equivalent
amount of work”.
b) Example : Heat Engine
Super heater: Its purpose is to super heat steam and is a type of heat exchanger in which 2 Marks
steam flows inside tubes and hot gases surround it each
Fusible plug: It is a safety device used for preventing the level of water from going down below
a critical point and thus avoids overheating. Fusible plug is mounted at crown plate of
c) combustion chamber.
2 M for
Layout of steam power plant sketch &
2 M for
labeling
d)
IMPULSE TURBINE: Schematic of impulse steam turbine is shown in Fig. It has single-stage having a 02 M for
explain
nozzle fitted in the casing followed by ring of moving blades mounted on the shaft. Variation of velocity
& 02 M
and pressure along the axis of turbine is also shown here. Here pressure drop occurs only in the nozzle for
and ideally no pressure drop occurs in blades. Sketch
High pressure steam from boiler enters the nozzle through piping and leaves nozzle at predefined angle
so as to smoothly flow over the moving blades. Steam velocity gets increased during its flow through
nozzle due to its expansion occurring in it. During the passage of steam over the moving blades steam
undergoes change in its’ direction while losing the velocity and thus causing rotation of moving blade
ring mounted on shaft
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Engine does not start: Causes and Remedies

Q. 3 a) 1. No fuel in tank. Fill tank with clean, fresh fuel.
2. Shut-off valve closed. Open valve. Any 4
i 3. Obstructed fuel line. Clean fuel screen and line. If necessary, remove and clean ½ Mark
carburetor. each
4. Tank cap vent obstructed. Open vent in fuel tank cap.
5. Water in fuel. Drain tank. Clean carburetor and fuel lines. Dry spark plug and points. Fill
tank with clean, fresh fuel.
6. Engine over choked. Close fuel shut-off and pull starter until engine starts. Reopen fuel
shut-off for normal fuel flow.
7. Improper carburetor adjustment. Adjust carburetor.
8. Loose or defective magneto wiring. Check magneto wiring for shorts or grounds; repair
if necessary.
9. Faulty magneto. Check timing, point gap; if necessary, overhaul magneto.
10. Spark plug fouled. Clean and re-gap spark plug.
11. Spark plug porcelain cracked. Replace spark plug.
12. Poor compression. Overhaul engine.
13. No spark at plug. Disconnect ignition cut-off wire at the engine.
14. Crank engine. If spark at spark plug, ignition switch, or safety switch interlock switch is
inoperative. If no spark, check magneto.
ii
Smoky exhaust of diesel engine: Causes and Remedies
Any 4
½ Mark
each
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b) Difference between open and closed cycle gas turbine
S.no Closed Cycle Gas Turbine Open Cycle Gas Turbine
Any 4
It works on open cycle. The fresh charge is
It works on closed cycle. The working fluid 01 Mark
supplied to each cycle and after each
1 is recirculates again and again. It is a clean
combustion and expansion. It is discharged
cycle.
to atmosphere.
The gases other than the air like Helium or

Helium-Carbon dioxide mixture can be Air-fuel mixture is used which leads to
2
used, which has more favorable lower thermal efficiency.
properties.
Since heat is transferred externally, so any Since combustion is an integral part of the
type of fuel; solid, liquid or gaseous or system thus it requires high quantity liquid
3
combination of these can be used for or gaseous fuel for burning in a combustion
generation of heat. chamber.
The heat is transferred indirectly through Direct heat supply. It is generated in the
4
a heat exchanger. combustion chamber itself
High thermal efficiency for given lower and Low thermal efficiency for same
6
upper temperature liquids. temperature limits.
Part load efficiency is less compared to

7 Part load efficiency is better.
Closed cycle gas turbine.
Comparatively large size for same power

8 Reduced size per MWh of power output.
output.
Direct contact with combustion products,

Since combustion products do not come in
the blades are subjected to higher thermal
9 direct contact of turbine blade, thus there
stresses and fouling and hence shorter
is no blade fouling and longer blade life.
blade life.
10 Better control on power production. Poor control on power production.
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Closed cycle gas turbine plant is complex Open cycle gas turbine plant is simple and
11
and costly. less costly.
c) Various measures to control the pollution due to petrol and diesel engine
TECHNICAL MEASURES
VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
Any 4
FUEL QUALITY ½ Mark
AFTER COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY each
ALTERNATIVE FUEL ZERO EMISSION VEHICLES (ZEVS)
MASS TRANSIT SYSTEM
URBAN ROAD & FLYOVER PROJECTS
I&M / PUC PROGRAMME T
NON-TECHNICAL MEASURES
EMISSION WARRANTY
SCRAPING OLD POLLUTING VEHICLES Any 4
TOLL TAX FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLES ½ Mark
SUBSIDIES FOR CLEAN VEHICLES each
PARKING CHARGES & FINE ENCOURAGING CAR POOL
AWARENESS CAMPAIGNS N
A dam having 50m head of water

d)
For suggested 50 m head of water Kaplan turbine is suggested because this type of turbine is
suitable for low head high discharge provided ample quantity of water. e.g. Range starts from 2 Marks
5 m to 80 m head of water.
2 M for
sketch
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Q.4 a) Two stage reciprocating air compressor with P – V diagram
P–V
diagram
02 M
Two stage reciprocating air compressors consist of two cylinders. One is called low-pressure
cylinder and another is called high-pressure cylinder.
When piston in a low-pressure cylinder is at its outer dead centre (ODC) the weight of air inside
a cylinder is zero (neglecting clearance volume), as piston moves towards inner dead centre
(IDC) pressure falls below atmospheric pressure & suction valves open due to a pressure
difference.
The fresh air is drawn into the low-pressure cylinder through air suction filter. This air is further
compressed by piston and pressure inside & outside the cylinder is equal, at this point suction
valves closed. 02 Marks
As the piston moves towards ODC compression of air took place, then delivery valves open &
this compressed air is then entered into a high-pressure cylinder through the intercooler. This
called low-pressure compression.
Suction valves of a high-pressure cylinder open when the air pressure in a high-pressure side is
below to the receiver pressure & air from low-pressure cylinder drawn into the high-pressure
cylinder.
As piston moves towards the ODC, first stage air is further compressed. When air pressure
from the low-pressure cylinder and inside the high-pressure cylinder is equal, suction valves
closed.
Now the air is further compressed by piston until the pressure in the High-Pressure Cylinder
exceeds that of the receiver & discharge valves open. This desired high-pressure air is then
delivered to a receiver.
b)
i) Refrigerator : Hermatically sealed compressor
ii) Central air conditioner : Open type reciprocating compressor
iii) Air filling station : Reciprocating compressor 1 M each
iv) Domestic air cooler : Blower
c) Methods to reduce power consumption of air compressor
1. Cooling cylinder by spraying water during compression stroke.
2. Circulation of water surrounding to cylinder by providing jackets
1 M for
3. Installing inter cooler between two cylinders each
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4. Providing greater fins on cylinder method
5. By selecting suitable material for cylinder
6. By providing suitable choice of cylinder proportions i.e. short stroke and large bore in
construction with sleeve valve
Brake thermal efficiency = Brake power/ Heat supplied

d) = 4.2/16.8
= 0.25
= (25 %)
4 Marks
e) Power developed by the turbine = ρ . g . Q . H

= 1000x9.81x3.5x120
= 4120200 Watt
= 4120.2 kW 4 Marks
= 4.1202 MW
Q. 5 a)
Figure shows line diagram of domestic Refrigerator. It consists of following parts performing
important functions like in basic vapour compression refrigeration system.
Compressor Explain
A compressor is introduced for this purpose. The compressor will raise the pressure back to its 4 marks
initial level. But since it is compressing gas, along with pressure, temperature will also be
increased. This is unavoidable.
Condenser (For Heat Rejection Process)
This heat exchanger is fitted outside the refrigerator, and the refrigerant temperature is higher
than atmospheric temperature. So heat will dissipate to the surroundings. The vapor will be
condensed to liquid, and the temperature will return to a normal level.
It has 4 main components: compressor, condenser, evaporator, and throttling device. Of these
components, the throttling device is the one that is responsible for the production of the cold
liquid. So we will first analyze the throttling device in a detailed way and move on to the other
components.
Throttling Device
The throttling device obstructs the flow of liquid; cold liquid is produced with the help of this
device. In this case, the throttling device is a capillary tube. The capillary tube has an
approximate length of 2 m and an inside diameter of around 0.6 mm, so it offers considerable
resistance to the flow.
Evaporator – (For Heat Absorption Process)
The next phase is simple: this cold liquid is passed over the body that has to be cooled. As a
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result, the refrigerant absorbs the heat. During the heat absorption process, the refrigerant further
evaporates and transforms into pure vapor. A proper heat exchanger is required to carry the cold
refrigerant over the body. This heat exchanger is known as an evaporator.
2 Marks
for
sketch
b)
Suggested remedial Actions
i) Desired cooling effect is not getting: Charging of gas is required
ii) A/c making noise: Due to overloading, due to low voltage, Fault / Problem in Compressor
1.5
fan, compressor is running out of use, cooling blower damaged, etc. Marks
each
iii) Unit is not running: Fuse not ok, Short circuit, Thermostat not set to cool position,
Compressor failed, Solenoid not working, etc.
iv) Air throw with bad odour & dust: Filters are choked or rusted or not cleaned, Fresh air
induction necessary, contamination of smell in room itself, gas leaking, etc.
c) Suitable type of A/c for:
i) Computer Lab with 60 PCs: Split A/c in Multiple numbers (may be 6 to 8 A/c of 1Ton capacity
required)
02 Marks
ii) Auditorium: Central Air conditioning system each
iii) ATM: Split A/c
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Q. 6 a) i) Defrost Heaters: The defrost heater is mounted onto or woven right into the
evaporator coil in the freezer. The defrost termination limit switch is usually
mounted on the side of the evaporator coil or on one of the connecting tubing. It is 02 Marks
each
used for defrosting purpose.
ii) Thermostat: A thermostat is a component which senses the temperature of
a refrigeration system so that the system's temperature is maintained near a
desired set point. Usually it is fitted in evaporator for setting cooling temperature.
iii) Low Pressure or LP cut out: This is a compressor safety which cut off the compressor in
the event of pressure drop in the suction line. The pressure of the suction line is
continuously sensed by the control unit and when it goes below the set value, which
means the room is properly cooled, the LP cut out will auto trip the compressor.
When the pressure rises, indicating there is flow of refrigerant in the line due to
increase in room temperature, the LP switch will start the compressor.
High pressure or HP cut out: As the name suggests, the high pressure cut out activates
and trips the compressor when the discharge side pressure increases above the limit value.
The HP cut out is not auto reset and has to be done manually. The reason behind it is to
manually attend the fault which is leading to rise in pressure; else this situation can lead to
overloading of compressor parts and may damage the same.
b)
Classify Nozzles:
According to the shape or geometrical profile
i) Convergent Nozzles 03 M for
ii) Divergent Nozzles classify
iii)Convergent – Divergent Nozzles

According to the velocity at exit of nozzle
i) Sub-sonic Nozzles
ii) Sonic Nozzles
iii) Super-sonic Nozzles
According to the use of working fluid
i) Liquid Nozzles and ii) Gas Nozzles
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Applications: They are used in
i) Spray Pumps
ii) Engines 03 for
applicati
iii)Steam turbines ons
iv) Also used in Hose pipes, garden hose, garden sprinkler, kitchen faucet, water fountains,
dancing fountains, firefighter hose, fire detectors
c) Applications of Pumps
i) Centrifugal Pumps: Centrifugal pumps are used in buildings for pumping the general water 02 Marks
supply, as a booster and for domestic water supplies. The design of a centrifugal pump makes each
them useful for pumping sewage and slurries. They are also used in fire protection systems and
for heating and cooling applications.
Reason: It is a low head high discharge pump
ii) Jet pumps can be used for either oil wells, bore wells (lesser depth), deep or shallow
well applications. Mini. jet pumps are used for smaller applications, such as aquariums.
Reason: It is a medium head and high pressure pump
iii)Submersible Pumps: Multiple stage submersible pumps are typically lowered down
a borehole and most typically used for residential, commercial, municipal and industrial water
extraction (abstraction), water wells and in oil wells. Other uses for submersible pumps
include sewage treatment plants, seawater handling, fire fighting (since it is flame retardant
cable), water well and deep well drilling, offshore drilling rigs, artificial lifts, mine dewatering,
and irrigation systems.
Reason: It is a high head and high pressure pump & there are no cavitations. It has high
efficiency at high heads.
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*22214*
11819
22214
Instructions : (1) All questions are compulsory.

(5) Preferably, write the answers in sequential order.
Marks
1. Attempt any five of the following : 10

a) Define wet steam and dry steam.
b) Define boiler mountings with two examples.
c) Explain the functions of following parts in I.C. engine :
i) Piston
ii) Cylinder.
d) It is observed that in device, feed water heated by utilising the heat in exhaust flue gases
before it leaving through the chimney in steam power plant, sketch and identify the
device.
e) Define brake power and brake thermal efficiency.
f) List the applications of refrigeration system.
g) Define Ton of refrigeration.
2. Attempt any three of the following : 12

a) Explain working of impulse steam turbine with neat sketch.
b) Sketch the layout of steam power plant and –
i) Label the components
ii) Describe the function of any two major components.
c) State the need of compounding of steam turbines and give its types.
d) State the effect of pollution on environment due to steam power plants.
P.T.O.
22214 *22214*
Marks
a) Suggest the remedies in following situations for diesel engine
i) Piston seizure
ii) Engine overheating
iii) Low power developed
iv) Smokey exhaust of diesel engine.
b) List any four pollutants in exhaust gases of I.C. engine with their effects on
environment.
c) Explain working of closed cycle gas turbine with neat sketch.
d) A dam is constructed to provide a high head of water
i) Name the relevant turbine that used to generate power
ii) Sketch the turbine you suggest.
a) Explain working of centrifugal compressor with sketch.
b) Suggest the suitable compressor with justification for following applications
i) Automobile washing centre
ii) Gas turbine.
c) State different applications of compressed air (min-4 applications).
d) In a diesel engine, heat is supplied at a rate of 13.43 kw. Engine produces brake power
at a rate of 2.83 kw. Estimate brake thermal efficiency.
e) Two sets strike the bucket of pelton wheel which develops 15000 kw. The discharge is
6 m3/sec. If the net head on turbine is 350 m. Find overall efficiency of turbine.
5. Attempt any two of the following : 12
a) Describe the functions in refrigeration system
i) OLP
ii) Thermostat
iii) Defrost heater.
b) Explain working of simple vapour compression system with neat sketch of its layout.
c) It is observed that when refrigerator is switched on, the compressor does not start. Mention
the possible causes with remedies.
6. Attempt any two of the following : 12
a) Draw neat sketch of window air conditioner and explain its working.
b) Explain the working of Babcock and Wilcox boiler with neat labelled sketch.
c) Explain working of single acting reciprocating pump with neat sketch.
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MODEL ANSWER
WINTER – 18 EXAMINATION
Subject Title: Basic Mechanical Engineering Subject Code: 22214
scheme.
figure drawn.
concept.
Q. Sub Answer Marking

No Q. N. Scheme
1 a)
Wet Steam is defined as steam which is partly vapour and partly liquid water suspended in it.
02
Dry steam: the steam which do not contains any amount of water particle in it is called as dry Marks for
steam each sub
b) Boiler mountings: Devices which are mounted on boiler for its control and safe operation are question
called “mountings” Examples ( any two): (i)Water level indicator (ii) Safety valves (iii) High
steam and low water safety valves (iv) Fusible plug (v) Pressure gauge (vi) Stop valve (vii) Feed
check valve (viii) Blow off cock
(i) Piston: Piston is a cylindrical part which reciprocates inside the cylinder and is used for
c) doing work and getting work.
(ii) Cylinder: It is a cylindrical block having cylindrical space inside for piston to make
reciprocating motion. Upper portion of cylinder which covers it from the top is called cylinder
head. This is manufactured by casting process and materials used are cast iron or alloy steel.
d) Economiser
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e) Brake power: It refers to the power available at crankshaft i.e. it is the useful shaft work.
Brake thermal efficiency:
Applications of refrigeration system:

f)
Comfort air conditioning is extensively used in residential buildings, hospitals, offices, working
spaces, vehicles, trains, aero planes etc. Industrial air conditioning is used for spot
cooling/heating, environmental laboratories, printing industry, textile industry, precision parts
manufacturing, photographic product handling, computer rooms, control rooms of power
plants etc. Refrigeration is extensively used for increasing the storage life of perishable items
specially food products, vegetables, fruits, milk, beverages, chilling of water, ice formation
etc. along with industrial applications in chemical manufacturing, petroleum refinery,
petrochemical plants, paper and pulp industry
g)
“One ‘Ton’ of refrigeration can be defined by the amount of heat being removed from one
ton of water at 0oC to form one ton of ice at 00C within 24 hours.” Thus, a Ton of refrigeration
shall quantify the latent heat required to be removed for solidification of water at 00C.
1 tonne of refrigeration (TR) = 336 1000 24 × = 14000 kJ/h.
2 Marks
Simple impulse steam turbine: for
2 a) sketch &
2 Marks
for
explain
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Working: Schematic of impulse steam turbine is shown in Fig. It has single-stage having a
nozzle fitted in the casing followed by ring of moving blades mounted on the shaft. Variation
of velocity and pressure along the axis of turbine is also shown here. Here pressure drop
occurs only in the nozzle and ideally no pressure drop occurs in blades.
High pressure steam from boiler enters the nozzle through pipings and leaves nozzle at
predefined angle so as to smoothly flow over the moving blades. Steam velocity gets
increased during its flow through nozzle due to its expansion occurring in it. During the
passage of steam over the moving blades steam undergoes change in its’ direction while
losing the velocity and thus causing rotation of moving blade ring mounted on shaft
2 M for
sketch &
b) 2 M for
functions
Functions of some important parts of a steam power plant (any two):
1. Boiler: Water is converted into wet steam.
2. Superheater: It converts wet steam into superheated steam.
3. Turbine: Steam at high pressure expands in the turbine and drives the generator
4. Condenser: It condenses steam used by the steam turbine. The condensed steam (known
as condensate) is used as a feed water.
5. Cooling tower: It cools the condenser circulating water. Condenser cooling water absorbs
heat from steam. This heat is discharged to atmosphere in cooling water.
6. Condenser circulating water pump: It circulates water through the condenser and the
cooling tower. 7. Feed water pump. It pumps water in the water tubes of boiler against boiler
steam pressure.
8. Economiser: In economiser heat in flue gases is partially used to heat incoming feed water.
9. Air preheater: In air preheater heat in flue gases (the products of combustion) is partially
used to heat incoming air
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c) Need of compounding: Compounding of steam turbine is required as in case of simple 02 M for
impulse turbine, the single stage may offer speed of the order of 30,000 rpm which cannot be need &
directly used for any engineering application and needs to be reduced. Also such a high speed 02 M for
shall induce large stresses in the blades. Compounding is a thermodynamic means for Types
reducing the speed of turbine where speed reduction is realized without employing a gear
box.
Types of compounding: (i) Pressure compounded impulse turbine (ii) Velocity compounded
impulse turbine (iii) Pressure-velocity compounded impulse turbine
d) Thermal Power Plant affects environmental segments of the surrounding region very badly. 04
Large amount of SOx, NOx & SPM are generated which damage the environment and are Marks
highly responsible for deterioration of health of human beings, animal kingdom as well as
plants. Emission of SPM & RSPM disperse over 25 Kms radius land and cause respiratory and
related aliments to human beings and animal kingdom. SPM gets deposited on the plants
which affect photosynthesis. Due to penetration of pollutants inside the plants through leaves
& branches, imbalance of minerals, micro and major nutrients in the plants take place which
affect the plant growth severely. Spreading & deposition of SPM on soil, disturb the soil strata
thereby the fertile and forest land becomes less productive. Because of continuous & long
lasting emission of SOx & NOx, which are the principal pollutants emitted from a coal based
power plant, structures & buildings get affected due to corrosive reactions
3 a) (i) Piston seizure : Due to overheating ( mainly piston crown)

1 mark
 Combustion default to be corrected for each
 Replace bent/blocked oil injection jet
 Installation of piston in the correct position
 Avoid malfunctioning in the cooling system
(ii) Engine overheating
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(iii) Low power developed
(iv) Smoky exhaust of diesel engine
b) Three major automotive pollutants are carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), 0 1 Mark
and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Carbon dioxide (CO2)
each
HYDROCARBONS (HC): Hydrocarbon emissions result when fuel molecules in the engine do
not burn or burn only partially. Hydrocarbons react in the presence of nitrogen oxides and
sunlight to form ground-level ozone, a major component of smog. Ozone can irritate the eyes,
damage lungs, and aggravate respiratory problems. It is our most widespread urban air
pollution problem. Some kinds of exhaust hydrocarbons are also toxic, with the potential to
cause cancer.
NITROGEN OXIDES (NOx ): Under the high pressure and high temperature conditions in an
engine, nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the air we breathe react to form various nitrogen
oxides, collectively known as NOx. Nitrogen oxides, like hydrocarbons, are precursors to the
formation of ozone. They also contribute to the formation of acid rain.
CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2): Carbon dioxide does not directly impair human health, but it is
considered a “greenhouse gas”. In other words, as it accumulates in the atmosphere, it is
believed to trap the earth’s heat and contribute to the potential for climate change.
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Particulates the carbon particles (soot or smoke) is the main constituent of particulates. This
has adverse effects on health and environment, where there is consistent correlation
between particle levels and death rates. High levels of particles have also been linked with
increased hospital admissions and asthma attacks. Smaller particles can carry carcinogenic
particles into the lungs.
c) Working of closed cycle gas turbine (constant pressure):

2 Marks
for
sketch &
2 Marks
for
explain
(i) For high head of water Pelton Wheel uses to generate power.
d) 1 Mark
(ii) Sketch for
Identify
&3
marks for
sketch
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4 a)
2 Marks
for
sketch &
2 Marks
for
explain
Working: Centrifugal compressor is a radial flow machine compressing the fluid due to the
dynamic action of impeller. Centrifugal compressors have impeller mounted on driving shaft,
diffuser and volute casing as shown in Fig. Centrifugal compressors have air inlet at the centre
of impeller. The portion of impeller in front of inlet passage is called impeller eye.
Impeller is a type of disc having radial blades mounted upon it. Compressor casing has a
diffuser ring surrounding impeller and the air enters the impeller eye and leaves from impeller
tip to enter diffuser ring. Volute casing surrounds the diffuser ring. Volute casing has cross
section area increasing gradually up to the exit of compressor. These impellers of centrifugal
compressors may also be of double sided type such that air can enter from two sides (both) of
impeller. Thus double sided impeller shall have double impeller eye compared to single
impeller eye as shown in Fig.
(i)Automobile washing centre: Reciprocating air compressor- High pressure

b) requirement. 2 M for
each
(ii)Gas Turbine: Axial flow compressor – large quantity of air required.
c)
Applications compressed air (any four):
1 Mark
 To clean complicated machines, automobile and generators. for each
 To derive air engines ( i.e. air motors) which are used in coal mines
 To operate pneumatic tools like drill, riveter and road drills.
 To produce blast in the blast furnace.
 To operate air brakes for locomotives and railways.
 To start heavy diesel engines.
 To cool large buildings.
 To operate lifts, reams, pumps, and verity of other devices.
 To start multi cylinder I.C. engines
 Used in spray painting.
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d) Brake thermal efficiency = Brake power/ Heat supplied 04 Marks
= 2.83/13.43
= 0.21
= (21 %)
e) Overall efficiency(η0) = Power available at the turbine shaft /ρ. g .Q. H 04 Marks
= 15000 x 10³ / 1000 x 9.81 x 6 x 350
= 0.728 (72.8 %)
5 a) Functions of 02 Mark
(i) OLP: Its function is to safeguard the refrigeration system from overloads. This for each
can damage the components like compressor, valve, circuit parts, etc.
(ii) Thermostat: Its function is to record the temperature of refrigerant in
evaporator and accordingly operate On-Off circuit to save power.
A thermostat is a component which senses the temperature of a refrigeration
system so that the system's temperature is maintained near a desired set
point. Usually it is fitted in evaporator for setting cooling temperature.
(iii) Defrost Heater: Its function is to remove the frost(ice formation) over the
evaporator coil and evaporator unit. Due to frosting the performance of
refrigeration system decreases and hence defrost heater is required.
03 mark
b) Simple VCR system for
sketch &
03 marks
for
Explain
The main four components are Compressor, Condenser, Expansion Device,& Evaporator
Vapour compression refrigeration cycle is the most widely used in the window air conditioning
system. Figure shows the basic refrigeration cycle. Refrigeration is produced by continuously
circulating, evaporating, and condensing a fixed supply of refrigerant in a closed system.
The evaporation occurs at a low temperature and low pressure while the condensation occurs at
a high temperature and high pressure. Thus it is possible to transfer heat from an area of low
temperature (conditioned space) to an area of high temperature.
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Beginning the cycle at the evaporator inlet, the low pressure liquid absorbs heat, and
evaporates, changing to a low pressure vapour at the evaporator outlet. The compressor pumps
this vapour from the evaporator, increases its pressure, and discharges the high pressure vapour
to the condenser. In the condenser, heat is removed from the vapour as it condenses and
becomes a high pressure liquid. Between the condenser and the evaporator, an expansion
device is located.
The flow of refrigerant into the evaporator is controlled by the pressure differential across the
expansion device. As the high pressure liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator, it is subjected
to a much lower pressure due to the suction of the compressor and the pressure drop across the
expansion device. The refrigerant tends to expand and evaporate. In order to evaporate, the
liquid must absorb heat from the air passing over the evaporator, and the cycle is repeated.
c) Possible Causes & Remedies for “compressor do not start” 03 Marks
 Supply is not ok
 Voltage is low
 Valves of compressor choked due liquid entry or valves not operating
 Fault in electrical circuit
 Compressor motor not working or coil burned
 Compressor fan stops or fails
 Relay not proper 03 M
 Faulty thermostat
Remedies :
 Check / repair the electrical supply

 Check / repair compressor valves
 Check / repair compressor motor
 Check / repair thermostat
6 a)
Window AC
03 M
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03 M
Window air conditioner is sometimes referred to as room air conditioner as well. It is
the simplest form of an air conditioning system and is mounted on windows or walls. It
is a single unit that is assembled in a casing where all the components are located. This
refrigeration unit has a double shaft fan motor with fans mounted on both sides of the
motor. One at the evaporator side and the other at the condenser side. The evaporator
side is located facing the room for cooling of the space and the condenser side outdoor
for heat rejection. There is an insulated partition separating this two sides within the
same casing.
Front Panel: The front panel is the one that is seen by the user from inside the room
where it is installed and has a user interfaced control be it electronically or
mechanically. Older unit usually are of mechanical control type with rotary knobs to
control the temperature and fan speed of the air conditioner. The newer units come
with electronic control system where the functions are controlled using remote control
and touch panel with digital display.
Indoor Side Components:
The indoor parts of a window air conditioner include:
 Cooling Coil with a air filter mounted on it. The cooling coil is where the heat
exchange happens between the refrigerant in the system and the air in the room.
 Fan Blower is a centrifugal evaporator blower to discharge the cool air to the
room.
 Capillary Tube is used as an expansion device. It can be noisy during operation
if installed too near the evaporator.
 Operation Panel is used to control the temperature and speed of the blower fan.
A thermostat is used to sense the return air temperature and another one to
monitor the temperature of the coil. Type of control can be mechanical or
electronic type.
 Filter Drier is used to remove the moisture from the refrigerant.
 Drain Pan is used to contain the water that condensate from the cooling coil and
is discharged out to the outdoor by gravity.
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b) Babcock and Wilcox Boiler 03 M for
each for
sketch
and
explanati
on
Working of Babcock and Wilcox Boiler:
Coal is fed to the grate through the fire door and is burnt. Flow of flue gases:
The hot flue gases rise upward and pass across the left-side portion of the water tubes.
The baffles deflect the flue gases and hence the flue gases travel in the zig-zag manner
(i.e., the hot gases are deflected by the baffles to move in the upward direction, then
downward and again in the upward direction) over the water tubes and along the
superheater. The flue gases finally escape to atmosphere through chimney.
Water circulation: That portion of water tubes which is just above the furnace is
heated comparatively at a higher temperature than the rest of it. Water, its density being
decreased, rises into the drum through the uptake-header. Here the steam and water are
separated in the drum. Steam being lighter is collected in the upper part of the drum.
The water from the drum comes down through the down –comer into the water tubes.
A continuous circulation of water from the drum to the water tubes and water tubes to
the drum is thus maintained. The circulation of water is maintained by convective
currents and is known as “natural circulation”. A damper is fitted as shown to regulate
the flue gas outlet and hence the draught.
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c) Single Acting Reciprocating Pump: 03 M for
each for
sketch
and
explanati
on
The main parts of a reciprocating pump is as follows:
1. A cylinder with piston, piston rod, connecting rod and a crank.

2. Suction pipe,
3. Delivery pipe,
4. Suction valve,
5. Delivery valve and
6. Air vessel.
Let’s discuss all these parts in detail
1. A cylinder with piston, piston rod, connecting rod and a crank

Cylinder is used to suck water and delivers it to the desired location. The piston
executes reciprocating motion (back and forth motion) within the cylinder. Piston is
connected to the crankshaft through connecting rod.
2. Suction Pipe: As its name indicates, it is used to suck the water from the water
reservoir to the cylinder. It connects the inlet of the pump with water tank.
3. Delivery Pipe: It is a pipe which is used to deliver the water from the cylinder to the
desired location. It connects the outlet of the pump to the tank where the water is to be
delivered.
4. Suction Valve: It is a valve which is present at the suction side of the pump. It opens
during suction of water from the tank to the cylinder and remains closed during
compression of the liquid.
5. Delivery Valve: It is a valve which is present at delivery side and opens during
compression of the liquid and remains closed when the water is sucked from the water
tank.
6. Air Vessels: Air vessels in the reciprocating pump is used to get uniform discharge
rate. It is provided on both suction and delivery side and connected to suction and
delivery pipe.
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Page 13 of 13
21819
22214
Instructions : (1) All Questions are compulsory.

Marks
1. Attempt any FIVE of the following : 10
(a) State the Clausius statement of second law of thermodynamics.
(b) Define :
(i) Dryness fraction of steam
(ii) Dry saturated steam
(c) Define I.C. Engine. Give it’s applications.
(d) What is Mach number in relation to De Laval nozzle ?
(e) State the unit of Brake Power and define Brake Thermal Efficiency.
(f) State the meaning of HVAC.
(g) Define Ton of Refrigeration.
2. Attempt any THREE of the following : 12
(a) Draw the schematic sketch of water tubes, headers, baffles and blow-off-cock
as parts of Babcock and Wilcox boiler and label it.
[1 of 4] P.T.O.
22214 [2 of 4]
(b) Sketch the labelled layout of steam power plant and describe the function of
cooling tower.
(c) Describe the need of compounding in steam turbines. State the name of
compounding method for reaction turbines.
(d) List any two methods to reduce sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission from thermal
power plants.
(a) A self start S.I. engine of a motorcycle fails to start. State any four reasons
and remedies thereof.
(b) State any four applications of Gas turbine power plant.
(c) State two types of gas turbine power plants and compare them.
(d) The head over a Pelton wheel nozzle is 350 m of water of density 1000 kg/m3.
The spear valve is set to discharge 3.5 m3/s. Find out the power of the turbine.
Take g = 9.81 m/s2.
(a) Describe the working of screw compressor with neat sketch.
(b) State any two methods to reduce power consumption of air compressors with
justification.
(c) It is proposed to purchase compressor for furnace of smithy shop of workshop

of polytechnic :
(i) State the most suitable type of compressor.
(ii) Justify your answer.

22214 [3 of 4]
(d) A four stroke Diesel engine has Brake thermal efficiency of 25.6% while it
delivers 6.5 kW of Brake power. Calculate the rate at which heat is supplied
to engine.
(e) In order to determine efficiency of a centrifugal pump, the following

observations were made :
Pressure gauge reading on suction side = 2.5 m of water
Pressure gauge reading on delivery side = 125 m of water
Total discharge of the pump = 0.25 m3/s
Total input to the pump = 430 kW
Find efficiency of the pump.
5. Attempt any TWO of the following : 12
(a) It is proposed to use window air-conditioner for air-conditioning of the room

of 4m × 4m × 4m size. State the suggestions for energy saving with
justification.
(b) State the functions of following components of refrigerator :
(i) Thermostat
(ii) Defrost heater
(iii) OLP
(iv) HP & LP cut out
(c) It is observed that when refrigerator is switched ON, the compressor starts but
there is no cooling. Mention the possible causes with remedies.
P.T.O.
22214 [4 of 4]
(a) Draw a neat labelled schematic sketch of vapour compression cycle and state
the function of :
(i) Compressor
(ii) Condenser
(iii) Expansion valve
(b) Explain the purpose of :

(i) Boiler mountings
(ii) Boiler accessories
(iii) Fusible plug
(c) Draw a neat sketch of Francis turbine in two views and show the following
components on it :
(i) Draft tube
(ii) Guide vanes or wicket gates
_______________
11920
22214
Instructions : (1) All Questions are compulsory.

Marks
1. Attempt any FIVE of the following : 10
(a) Define enthalpy and state its SI unit.
(b) State the application of Nozzle.
(c) Enlist the parts of centrifugal pump.
(d) If engine do not start in colder condition identify its causes.
(e) Define one ton of refrigeration.
(f) Identify the component of domestic refrigerator.
(g) Define pressure and state its SI units.
2. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12

(a) Describe the functions of three parts of Babcock and Wilcox boiler using a
sketch.
(b) Draw the sketch of Impulse steam turbine and do the following :
(i) Label the components
(ii) Describe the functions of any two major components.
[1 of 4] P.T.O.
22214 [2 of 4]
(c) Describe the working of four stroke diesel engine with sketch ?
(d) Name the hazardous pollutants in a steam power plant with their effect on
human.
(a) Suggest with justification the remedies in the following situations :
(i) High fuel consumption in IC engine
(ii) Overheating of IC engine
(b) State the working of gas turbine with sketch.
(c) Compare open and close cycle gas turbines with respect to components and
working.
(d) Enlist the application of submersible pumps.
(a) Explain working principle of a screw compressor with sketches.
(b) List any four methods to reduce power consumption in air compressor with
justification.
(c) In a diesel engine, heat is supplied at the rate of 19.50 kW. Engine Produces
power at the rate of 4.2 kW. Estimate brake thermal efficiency.
(d) A turbine is operating on 130 m of water head-The discharge is 3.5 m3/s. Find
the power developed by the turbine neglecting the losses. Take density of
water 9.81 kN/m3.
(e) Enlist types of air compressors.

22214 [3 of 4]
(a) State the types of Air conditioning system and explain with sketch any one air
conditioning system.
(b) Suggest with justification, the type of air conditioner in the following
situations :
(i) Computer Lab for 60 computere
(ii) A room of 5 metre  5 metre
(iii) A city Bus of 45 people capacity
(c) It was observed that when refrigerator is switched on the compressor does not
start. Method the possible causes with remedies.
(a) Describe the vapour compression cycle with neat sketch and state the function
of any two component of it.
(b) State the requirement of boiler mountings and boiler accessories and name
any three boiler mountings and three boiler accessories.
(c) Compare Reciprocating pump and Rotary pump and Draw the sketch of
centrifugal pump.
_______________
P.T.O.
22214 [4 of 4]
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WINTER – 19 EXAMINATION
Subject Name: Basic Mechanical Engineering Model Answer Subject Code: 22214
scheme.
figure drawn.
concept.
Q. Sub Answer Marking

No. Q. N Scheme
Q.1 Any Five (2x5) 2M

Enthalpy a property of a thermodynamic system, is equal to the system's internal
a) Definition-
energy plus the product of its pressure and volume. 1
The unit of measurement for enthalpy in (SI) is the joule.
Unit-1
b) Following are the applications of nozzle Any four

1. Steam and gas turbine
½ M each
2. Jet engines
3. Rocket motors
4. Flow Measurement-in Venturimeter
c) Parts of centrifugal pump are Any four
1. An impeller
½ M each
2. A volute or diffuser style casing
3. A shaft
4. Shaft sleeves
5. Bearings
6. A sealing arrangement
d) Causes for engine do not start in cold are Any two
1. Gasoline, like any other liquid, evaporates less when it is cold. 1M each
2. Oil gets a lot thicker in cold weather.
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3. Batteries have problems in cold weather
e) One ton of refrigeration:

A ton is of refrigeration is defined as “the quantity of heat required to remove from one 2M
ton of ice within 24 hours when initial condition of water is 0 0c ”, because the same
cooling effect will be given by melting the same ice.
f) Component of domestic refrigerator are Any four
1. Compressor
½ M each
2. Condenser
3. Expansion device ( Capillary tube)
4. Evaporator
5. Accumulator
6. Thermostat
g) Pressure is defined as the physical force exerted on an object. The force applied is 1M
perpendicular to the surface of objects per unit area.
or
Pressure is the force applied over a unit area.
The basic formula for pressure is F/A (Force per unit area).
1M
Unit of pressure is Pascals (Pa) N/m2
Q.2 a)
1M
Babcock and Wilcox Boiler

1M
Function of main Parts ( Any three )
1. Steam separator drum: each
This drum is situated upside of the boiler. It is larger diameter drum in which water and
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steam placed together. The one half of the drum is filled with water and the other half is
remaining for steam.
2. Water tubes:
Water tubes are situated bottom side of the drum. Water flows from the drum to the
tubes.
3. Uptake header:
Steam separator drum and water tubes are connected by the two tubes. One is known as
uptake header and the other one is known as down take header. The steam from the
water tubes to the drum flow by the uptake header.
4. Down take header:
The water flows from the drum to the water tubes through down take header. When the
steam flows by uptake header to the drum, at the same time water flows from drum to
the water tubes by down take header which maintains the flow of water.
5. Grate:
The place in the furnace, where the fuel is placed and burn known as grate.
6. Furnace:
The furnace is the place where the fuel burns. This is situated at the down side of the
water tubes. When the fuel burns, the flue gases generate. This gases flow upper side and
passes through water tube, which heat the water and convert it into steam.
7. Super heater:
Super heater is situated upper side of the water tube. One end of super heater is
connected to the drum and other end is for process work. Steam flows from the drum to
the super heater, where it heated by the flue gases and send for the process work.
8. Baffles:
Baffles are provided between the water tubes. The main function of baffles is to divert the
flue gases, so it flows more than one time through the tube and more heat is transfer.
b)
Fig 2M
1M
Function of Component ( Any Two)
each
1. Nozzle:
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Nozzles are used to guide the steam to hit the moving blades and to convert the
pressure energy into the kinetic energy.
2. Turbine Blades
The impulse blades must be designed to convert the kinetic energy of the steam
into mechanical energy.
3. Turbine Seals
Seals are used to reduce the leakage of steam between the rotary and stationary
parts of the steam turbine.
4. Turbine Casings
The turbine casings are heavy in order to withstand the high pressures and
temperatures.
5. Shaft Seals
Shaft seals are used to prevent the steam leakage where the shafts extend through
the casing.
c)
Fig.
2M
Compression ignition (CI) engines operate generally on “Diesel”/“Dual” cycle. In Working

these engines the combustion is realized due to excessive compression and is so
2M
called compression ignition engines. Here air alone is sucked inside the cylinder
during suction stoke and compressed. Degree of compression is much more than
that of spark ignition (SI) engines. After compression of air the fuel is injected into
the high pressure and high temperature compressed air. Due to high temperature
of air the combustion of fuel gets set on its’ own. Self ignition of fuel takes place
due to temperature of air-fuel mixture being higher than self ignition temperature
of fuel. Thus in CI engines, larger amount of compression causes high temperature,
therefore unassisted combustion.
Stroke 1: Piston travels from TDC to BDC and air is sucked.
Stroke 2: Piston travels from BDC to TDC, while air is compressed with inlet and
exit passages closed.
Stroke 3: Piston reaches TDC and air gets compressed. Fuel injector injects fuel into
compressed air for certain duration. Ignition of fuel also takes place simultaneously
as air temperature is much higher than self ignition temperature of fuel. Burning of
fuel results in release of fuel chemical energy, which forces piston to travel from
TDC to BDC. Contrary to SI engine where heat addition gets completed near
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instantaneously, in CI engines fuel injection and thus heat addition is spread in
certain stroke travel of piston i.e. heat addition takes place at constant pressure
during which piston travels certain stroke length as decided by cut-off ratio. This is
expansion process and piston comes down to BDC with both inlet and exit valves
closed.
Stroke 4: After expansion piston reverses its motion upon reaching BDC and travels
up to TDC with exit passage open. During this piston travel burnt gases are
expelled out of cylinder i.e. exhaust stroke. Completion of above four strokes
requires two revolutions of crankshaft.
d) Pollutants in a steam power plant- 2M
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Sulfur dioxide
3. Nitrogen oxides
4. Ash
 The ash, and the constituents contained within, can also leach into water
systems that are used for human consumption, and this can make the local
2M
water unpotable for the surrounding community.
 Whilst the release of certain pollutants affects the flora and fauna within
the localized environment,
 From a global perspective, many greenhouse gases are now released into
the atmosphere and have become a major man-made contributor of
climate change and global warming.
 When the water in a power plant is no longer usable, it often gets
discharged into a local waterway that affects the local environment.
Q.3 Any Three (3x4)
a) 1.High fuel consumption in I.C. engine ( Any Two)
Reason Remedy 2M
Faulty Engine Adjust carburetor, replace worn out spark plug , air cleaner
Maintenance of throttle valve, oxygen sensor
Poor Engine oil Replace engine oil
Poor quality fuel Replace fuel
Worn out tyers Replace tyers
Wrong gears Change driving style
Poor Maintenance Do timely maintenance
2. Overheating of I.C. engine( Any Two)
Reason Remedy
Leaks in cooling system Do the maintenance of cooling system 2M
Coolant Concentration Use the correct type of coolant
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Bad Thermostat Replace thermostat
Bad Radiator Replace radiator
Bad Radiator Fan Replace fan
Loose water pump/ fan belt Replace belt
Bad Water pump Replace water pump
b) Gas turbine engines derive their power from burning fuel in a combustion chamber and using the 2M
fast flowing combustion gases to drive a turbine in much the same way as the high pressure
steam drives a steam turbine. A simple gas turbine is comprised of three main sections a
compressor, a combustor, and a power turbine. The gas-turbine operates on the principle of the
Brayton cycle, where compressed air is mixed with fuel, and burned under constant pressure
conditions. The resulting hot gas is allowed to expand through a turbine to perform work.
Fig.-2M
c)
Basis of comparison Open cycle gas turbine Close cycle gas turbine 2M each
Components Main components are compressor, Main components are
combustion chamber and turbine compressor, combustion
chamber, turbine and cooling
chamber.
Working Simple in working and less costly Complex in working and costly.
Here the compressed air is heated The air is heated by external

in the combustion chamber. source in a heating chamber
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d) Applications of submersible pump are Any
1. drainage,
Four
2. slurry pumping
3. sewage pumping 4M
4. water wells
5. oil wells
6. seawater handling
7. fire fighting
8. deep well drilling
9. irrigation
10. mine dewatering
11. artificial lifts
12. offshore drilling rigs.
Q.4 2M
a)
Screw type compressor
Screw type compressor: Screw type compressor is very much similar to roots blower.
These may have two spiral lobed rotors, out of which one may be called male rotor 2M
having3–4 lobes and other female rotor having 4–6 lobes which intermesh with small
clearance. Meshing is such that lobes jutting out of male rotor get placed in matching
hollow portion in female rotors. Initially, before this intermeshing the hollows remain filled
with gaseous fluid at inlet port. As rotation begins the surface in contact move parallel to
the axis of rotors toward the outlet end gradually compressing the fluid till the trapped
volume reaches up to outlet port for getting discharged out at designed pressure. Since
the number of lobes is different so the rotors operate at different speed.
Two rotors are brought into synchronization by the screw gears. Thrust upon rotors is
taken care of by oil lubricated thrust bearings. These compressors are capable of handling
gas flows ranging from 200 to 20000 m3/h under discharge pressures of 3 bar in single
stage and up to 13 bar in two stages. Even with increase in number of stages pressures up
to 100 bar absolute have been obtained with stage pressure ratio of 2. Mechanical
efficiency of these compressors is quite high and their isothermal efficiencies are even
more than vane blowers and may be compared with centrifugal and axial compressors.
But these are very noisy, sensitive to dust and fragile due to small clearances.
b) Methods to reduce power consumption of air compressor 4M
1. Cooling cylinder by spraying water during compression stroke.
2. Circulation of water surrounding to cylinder by providing jackets
3. Installing inter cooler between two cylinders
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4. Providing greater fins on cylinder
5. By selecting suitable material for cylinder
6. By providing suitable choice of cylinder proportions i.e. short stroke and large bore in
construction with sleeve valve
c) Given data: Heat supplied = 19.50 kW , Brake power = 4.2 kW 4M
Brake thermal efficiency = Brake power / Heat supplied
= 4.2 / 19.50
=0.2154
= 21.54 %
d) Given data: Water head (H) = 130 m , Discharge (Q) = 3.5 m3/s, density (ω) = 9.81 kN/m3
Power developed by the turbine = ωQH 1M
= 9.810x103x3.5x130 1M
= 4463550 W 1M
= 4463.550 kW 1M
e) Classification of Air compressors: 4M

1. According to principle:
01 M each
a) Reciprocating air compressors
b) Rotary air compressors
2. According to the capacity
a. Low capacity air compressors
b. Medium capacity air compressors
c. High capacity air compressors
3. According to pressure limits
a. Low pressure air compressors
b. Medium pressure air compressors
c. High pressure air compressors
4. According to method of connection
a. Direct drive air compressors
b. Belt drive air compressors
Q.5 Any Two (2x6) 02 M
a) Air conditioning systems are classified as

1) Classification as to major function-
i) Comfort air-conditioning - air conditioning in hotels, homes, offices etc.
ii) Commercial air-conditioning- air conditioning for malls, super market etc
ii) Industrial air-conditioning – air conditioning for processing, laboratories etc.
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2) Classification as to season of the year-
i) Summer air-conditioning - These system control all the four atmospheric
conditions for summer comfort.
ii) Winter air-conditioning – This system is designed for comfort in winter.
iii) Year round air-conditioning – These system consists of heating and
cooling equipments with automatic control to produce comfortable
condition throughout the year
3) Classification as to Equipment Arrangement-
i) Unitary system
ii) Central system
02 M for
Explanation of any one air conditioning system with sketch – explain any fig.
one system with fig. 02 M for

explanation
(Note- If students explain any system other than this it may be consider.)
b) Suitable type of A/c for:
i) Computer Lab with 60 PCs: Split A/c in Multiple numbers (may be 6 to 8 A/c of 2M
1Ton capacity required) Each
As 1 Ton capacity A/c cools approx. 100 sq. feet
ii) A room of 5m x 5m - Split A/c of 2 Ton capacity
As 1 Ton capacity A/c cools approx. 100 sq. feet
ii) A city Bus of 45 people capacity – Unitary system 1 unit of 7 to 8 Tons with duct
system
As bus is used for transportation, looses are more. Ducts are required above each seat
for proper distribution of cooled air.
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
c) Compressor does not work 6M
Sr. No. Cause Remedy 1M

1. Refrigerator fan stops Replace fan each
2. Faulty electric supply Check / repair the electrical supply
3. Valves of compressor choked due Check / repair compressor valves
liquid entry or valves not operating
4. Faulty start relay Replace start relay
5. Compressor motor not working or Check / repair compressor motor
coil burned
6. Faulty thermostat Check / repair thermostat
Q.6 Any Two (2x6)
a) Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycle ( 2 Marks)
Beginning the cycle at the evaporator inlet, the low pressure liquid absorbs heat, and evaporates, 2M
changing to a low pressure vapour at the evaporator outlet. The compressor pumps this vapour from
the evaporator, increases its pressure, and discharges the high pressure vapour to the condenser. In
the condenser, heat is removed from the vapour as it condenses and becomes a high pressure liquid.
Between the condenser and the evaporator, an expansion device is located.
The flow of refrigerant into the evaporator is controlled by the pressure differential across the
expansion device. As the high pressure liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator, it is subjected to a
much lower pressure due to the suction of the compressor and the pressure drop across the
expansion device. The refrigerant tends to expand and evaporate. In order to evaporate, the liquid
must absorb heat from the air passing over the evaporator, and the cycle is repeated.
Fig. 2M
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
The main components of VCC are: (Any two component) 2M
1) Compressor: Compressor is the most important component of VCC refrigeration 01 M each
system and is considered being the heart of the system. The function of compressor
is to compress the low pressure refrigerant from evaporator to condenser pressure at
a temperature more than saturation temperature corresponding to condenser
pressure.
2) Condenser: condenser is heat rejection component in vapour compression system.
Function of condenser in refrigeration system is to superheat and condense the
compressor discharged vapour and frequently to sub-cool the liquid with minimum
pressure drop.
3) Expansion Device: It is the pressure reducing component in vapour compression
system. Its function is to reduce pressure of refrigerant from condenser pressure to
evaporator pressure by throttling and to control mass flow rate of refrigerant
entering in evaporator as per load on evaporator.
4) Evaporator: It is a component in which refrigerating effect is obtained.

Refrigerating effect is produced in evaporator. The liquid at low pressure enters in
evaporator, by absorbing heat it converts into vapours. These vapours are drawn in
suction line of compressor.
b) Requirements of boiler mountings: For efficient operation and maintenance of safety, the 1M
boiler equipped with two categories of components and elements.
First categories include the fittings which are primarily indicated for the safety of the
boiler and for complete control the process of steam generation. These units are called
mountings. The mounting from an integral part of the boiler and are mounted on the body
of the boiler itself.
The following mountings are usually installed on the boiler.(Any four) 2M
1. Two safety valve
2. Two water level indicators
3. Pressure gauge
4. Fusible plug
5. Steam stop valve
6. Feed check valve
7. Blow-of cock
8. Man and mud hole 1M
Second categories include the components which are installed to increase the efficiency of
the steam power plants and help in the power working of the boiler unit. These fitting are
called boiler accessories.
The accessories are given below.(Any four)
2M
1. Air pre-heater
2. Economizer
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3. Super heater
4. Feed pump and
5. Injector
c) Sr.No Reciprocating Pump Rotary Pump
1 Displacement by reciprocation of Displacement by rotary action of gear, cam or Any

piston vanes
4 points
2 Flow is pulsating Flow is smooth
1M
3 It requires more space It requires less space
each
4 It requires higher maintenance It requires lower maintenance
5 Higher initial cost Lower initial cost
6 It is for high pressure applications It is for low/medium pressure applications
7 It is suitable for high viscosity fluids It has optimum performance with high
viscosity fluids
2M
Page No: ____/ N

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Zeal Education Society’s

ZEAL POLYTECHNIC, PUNE.

FIRST YEAR (FY)

NAME OF SUBJECT: BASIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MSBTE QUESTION PAPERS & MODEL ANSWERS

Instructions : (1) All questions are compulsory.

1. Attempt any five : (2×5=10)

2. Attempt any three : (4×3=12)

3. Attempt any three : (4×3=12)

5. Attempt any two : (6×2=12)

6. Attempt any two : (6×2=12)

Degree of superheat is given by difference between temperature of steam and saturation

Degree of superheat = Temperature of steam – Saturation temperature at given pressure.

1 tonne of refrigeration (TR) = 336 1000 24 × = 14000 kJ/h.

Example : Heat pump

Kelvin-Planck Statement -“It is impossible to construct an engine, which while operating in a

b) Example : Heat Engine

Engine does not start: Causes and Remedies

S.no Closed Cycle Gas Turbine Open Cycle Gas Turbine

The gases other than the air like Helium or

Part load efficiency is less compared to

Comparatively large size for same power

Direct contact with combustion products,

10 Better control on power production. Poor control on power production.

A dam having 50m head of water

Brake thermal efficiency = Brake power/ Heat supplied

e) Power developed by the turbine = ρ . g . Q . H

i) Desired cooling effect is not getting: Charging of gas is required

c) Suitable type of A/c for:

iii) ATM: Split A/c

iii)Convergent – Divergent Nozzles

Reason: It is a low head high discharge pump

Reason: It is a medium head and high pressure pump

Instructions : (1) All questions are compulsory.

1. Attempt any five of the following : 10

2. Attempt any three of the following : 12

Q. Sub Answer Marking

Brake thermal efficiency:

Applications of refrigeration system:

1 tonne of refrigeration (TR) = 336 1000 24 × = 14000 kJ/h.

Functions of some important parts of a steam power plant (any two):

1. Boiler: Water is converted into wet steam.

2. Superheater: It converts wet steam into superheated steam.

3 a) (i) Piston seizure : Due to overheating ( mainly piston crown)

(iv) Smoky exhaust of diesel engine

c) Working of closed cycle gas turbine (constant pressure):

(i)Automobile washing centre: Reciprocating air compressor- High pressure

c) Possible Causes & Remedies for “compressor do not start” 03 Marks

 Check / repair the electrical supply

Working of Babcock and Wilcox Boiler:

The main parts of a reciprocating pump is as follows:

1. A cylinder with piston, piston rod, connecting rod and a crank.

Let’s discuss all these parts in detail

1. A cylinder with piston, piston rod, connecting rod and a crank

Instructions : (1) All Questions are compulsory.

1. Attempt any FIVE of the following : 10

(a) State the Clausius statement of second law of thermodynamics.

(i) Dryness fraction of steam