PTOLEMAIC

SYSTEM
The Ptolemaic system, developed by the
Hellenistic astronomer Claudius Ptolemaeus
in the 2nd century AD, finally standardised
geocentrism. His main astronomical work,
the Almagest, was the culmination of
centuries of work by Hellenic, Hellenistic and
Babylonian astronomers.
CENTER OF THE
UNIVERSE
Ptolemy argued that the Earth was a
sphere in the center of the universe, from
the simple observation that half the stars
were above the horizon and half were
below the horizon at any time (stars on
rotating stellar sphere), and the
assumption that the stars were all at
some modest distance from the center of
the universe. If the Earth were
substantially displaced from the center,
this division into visible and invisible stars
would not be equal.
ORBITS

each planet revolves

uniformly along a circular
path (epicycle), the centre
of which revolves around
Earth along a larger circular
path (deferent).
STARS
In Ptolemaic astronomy all stars
move along spheres. These
spheres revolve about the earth,
but the earth is not always
precisely at their center. Each
planet has a system of spheres
along which it moves. The merging
of the circular motions of the
planets produces non-circular
motion.
 RETROGRADE
MOTION

Retrograde motion is the orbital motion

of a spatial body in a direction that is
opposite of what is normal in a given
system. “Retrograde” is derived from the
Latin words retro, backwards, and gradus,
step.

In the Solar system, all major planets

orbit the Sun counterclockwise as seen
from Polaris.
THANK YOU
SO MUCH