The Constitution of Italy, known as the "Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana" in Italian, is the

fundamental law of the Italian Republic. It was enacted on 27 December 1947 and came into force on 1
January 1948, following the referendum held on 2 June 1946, which abolished the monarchy and
established Italy as a republic.

The Italian Constitution is structured into 139 articles, organized into 12 chapters. Here is a brief
overview of its main components:

1. **Fundamental Principles**: The Constitution begins with a preamble outlining the basic values and
goals of the Italian Republic, including the commitment to democracy, social justice, and human rights.

2. **Organization of the Republic**: This section establishes Italy as a democratic republic and outlines
the structure of its government, which is based on the separation of powers among the legislative,
executive, and judicial branches.

3. **Rights and Duties of Citizens**: The Constitution guarantees a wide range of civil, political, social,
and economic rights to Italian citizens, including the right to vote, freedom of speech, freedom of
religion, and the right to education.

4. **Organization of the State**: This section outlines the organization and functions of the Italian
Parliament (composed of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate), the President of the Republic, the
Government, and other state institutions.

5. **Regions, Provinces, and Municipalities**: The Constitution recognizes the principle of regional
autonomy and outlines the relationship between the central government and the regions, provinces, and
municipalities.

6. **Constitutional Court**: The Constitution establishes the Constitutional Court, which is responsible
for ensuring the constitutionality of laws and settling disputes between different branches of
government.
7. **Amendments to the Constitution**: The Constitution provides procedures for amending its
provisions, which require the approval of both houses of Parliament and, in some cases, a referendum.

8. **Transitional and Final Provisions**: This section contains transitional provisions related to the
establishment of the Republic and the transition from the monarchy, as well as final provisions related to
the entry into force of the Constitution.

Overall, the Italian Constitution provides the framework for the functioning of the Italian state,
guaranteeing the rights and freedoms of its citizens and establishing the principles of democracy, rule of
law, and social justice.