Most Important Question

Unit: III

Part A: Work Study (Method Study and Work Measurement)

Work Study is a term used in the context of business efficiency and

industrial engineering. It refers to the systematic examination of activities
in order to improve the efficient use of resources - namely time, effort, and
materials - in the achievement of a specific goal. It encompasses two main
components:
Importance
• Method Study and Work Measurement are critical in Operations
Management for optimizing the efficiency and effectiveness of processes.
• They help in systematically examining work systems and developing
methods for performing tasks more efficiently.
• Work Measurement is crucial for establishing time standards, which are
essential for planning, scheduling, and improving work performance.
Objectives of Method Study
• To systematically record and critically examine the existing and proposed
ways of doing work to develop more effective methods.
• To increase productivity and efficiency while maintaining or improving
quality.
• To reduce the cost of operations and eliminate unnecessary motions or
processes.
Application Areas
• Manufacturing sectors for assembly line optimization.
• Service sectors for streamlining administrative tasks.
• Healthcare for improving patient care processes.
Steps in Method Study
1. Select: Identify the process to be studied.
2. Record: Collect data about the process.
 3. Examine: Analyze the data to find inefficiencies.
4. Develop: Create improved methods.
5. Install: Implement the new methods.
6. Maintain: Ensure the method is continuously used and improved.
Techniques of Work Measurement
• Time Study: Measuring the time taken to perform a task.
• Predetermined Motion Time System (PMTS): Using pre-calculated
times for motions.
• Work Sampling: Statistical technique to estimate the proportion of time
spent on different activities.
Part B: Production Planning and Control (PPC)

Production Planning and Control refers to the organization and planning

of the manufacturing process. It's a critical aspect of Operations
Management and involves the coordination of a series of activities that
transform raw materials into finished goods

Role and Scope in Operations Management

• PPC is integral in managing the entire production process from planning
to control.
• It encompasses demand forecasting, production scheduling, inventory
management, and quality control.
• The scope extends from strategic planning to day-to-day production
activities.
Factors Influencing Production Planning
• Demand Forecasting: Estimating the future demand for products.
• Resource Availability: Availability of raw materials, workforce, and
machinery.
• Market Trends: Keeping up with changes in market demands and
technology.
 • Company Policy: Aligning with the company’s objectives and
capabilities.
Benefits of Production Control
• Ensures that production processes are carried out cost-effectively.
• Helps in maintaining the quality of the product.
• Leads to timely delivery of products, enhancing customer satisfaction.
• Minimizes wastage and optimizes resource utilization.