D Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System

CHOLINERGIC DRUGS
(Cholinomimetic, Parasympathomimetic)

Cholinergic agonists Anticholinesterases

Choline esters Alkaloids

Acetylcholine Muscarine
Methacholine Pilocarpine
Carbachol Arecoline Carbamates Acridine Carbamates Organophosphates
Bethanechol Physostigmine Tacrine Carbaryl* Dyflos (DFP)
(Eserine) (Sevin) Echothiophate
Neostigmine Propoxur* Malathion*
Pyridostigmine (Baygon) Diazinon*
Edrophonium (TIK-20)
* Insecticides
£ Nerve gases Rivastigmine Tabun £
for chemical Donepezil Sarin£
Galantamine Soman£
warfare
 Anticholinergic Drugs ..

ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS
(Muscarinic antagonists, Atropinic drugs, Parasympatholytics)

Natural alkaloids Semisynthetic derivatives I

I
Synthetic compounds
Atropine Atropine methonitrate
Hyoscine Homatropine
(Scopolamine) Hyoscine butyl bromide Mydriatics Vasicoselective Antiparkinsonian
lpratropium bromide Cyclopentolate Oxybutynin Trihexyphenidyl
Tiotropium bromide Tropicamide Flavoxate (Benzhexol)
Tolterodine Procyclidine
Biperiden

Antisecretory-antispasmodics

Quaternary comps. Tertiary amines

Propantheline Dicyclomine
Oxyphenonium Valethamate
Clidinium Pirenzepine
Pipenzolate methyl bromide
Isopropamide
Glycopyrrolate
D Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System

GANGLIONIC STIMULANTS GANGLIONIC BLOCKING AGENTS

Selective nicotinic I
Competitive Persistent depolarizing
agonists blockers blockers
Nicotine (small dose) Ace tylcholine Nicotine (large dose)
Lobe line Carbachol Anticholinesterases
Dimethyl phenyl piperazinium Pilocarpine (large dose)
(DMPP) An ticholinesterases
Tetramethyl ammonium (TMA) MCN 343-A
Varenicline

I I I
Quaternary Amines Monosulfonium
ammonium comps. Mecamylamine comp.
Hexamethonium Pempidine Trimethaphan-
I Pentolinium I camforsulfonate

Preparations
1. Nicotine transdermal: NICOTINELL-TTS 10, 20, 30 cm2 patches releasing 7, 14, 21 mg nicotine per 24 hr
respectively. In those smoking> 20 cigarettes every day-start with 30 cm2 patch, shift to smaller patches every
3-5 days, treat for 3-4 weeks.
2. Nicotine chewing gum: NULIFE 1, 2, 4 mg chewing gum; In those smoking> 20 cigarettes/day-start with
4 mg gum chewed slowly for 30 min when urge to smoke occurs-gradually reduce to 2 mg gum and then 1 mg
gum. In less heavy smokers-start at lower doses.
 Adrenergic Drugs -
ADRENERGIC DRUGS
(Sympathomimetics)

I I I
Pressor agents Bronchodilators CNS stimulants Uterine relaxants
Noradrenaline Isoprenaline Amphetamine Ritodrine
(N orepinephrine) Salbutamol Dexamphetamine Isoxsuprine
Ephedrine (Albuterol) Methamphetamine Salbutamol
Dopamine Terbutaline Methylphenidate I Terbutaline
Phenylephrine Salmeterol
Methoxamine Formoterol
Mephentermine Bambuterol

Cardiac stimulants Nasal decongestants I Anorectics

Adrenaline Xylometazoline Amphetamine
Isoprenaline Oxymetazoline Fenfluramine
Dobutamine Naphazoline Dexfenfl uramine
Phenylephrine I Sibutramine
Phenylpropanolamine
I Pseudoephedrine
m Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System

a ADRENERGIC BLOCKING DRUGS

Non equilibrium type Equilibrium type

(Competitive antagonists)

~-haloalkylamine
Phenoxybenzamine
Non selective a 1 Selective a 2 Selective
Prazosin Yohimbine
Terazosin
Ergot alkaloids lmidazoline Miscellaneous Doxazosin
Ergotamine Phentolamine Chlorpromazine Alfuzosin
Er otoxine Tamsulosin

Hydrogenated ergot alkaloids

Dihydroergotamine (DHE)
Dihydroergotoxine
(Codergocrine)
m Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System

p ADRENERGIC BLOCKING DRUGS

Non selective (f3 1 + 02 ) Cardioselective (f3 1 ) I

Metoprolol
Atenolol
Acebutolol
Without ISA* With ISA* With a blocking Bisoprolol
property Esmolol
Propranolol Pindolol
Sotalol Labetalol Betaxolol
Timolol *ISA: Intrinsic Carvedilol Celiprolol
.__ _ _ _ sympathomimetic activity Nebivolol
GENERATIONWISE CLASSIFICATION
p ADRENERGIC BLOCKING DRUGS

I I
First generation Second generation Third generation
(Older, nonselective) (P 1 or Cardioselective) (With a blocking and/or
Propranolol Metoprolol vasodilator property)
Timolol Atenolol Labetalol
Sotalol Acebutolol Carvedilol
Pindolol Bisoprolol Celiprolol
Esmolol Nebivolol
Betaxolol
ID Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System

TOPICAL DRUGS FOR GLAUCOMA

I
I I I I I
p-Adrenergic a-Adrenergic Prostaglandin Carbonic anhydrase Miotics
blockers agonists analogues inhibitors
Pilocarpine
Timolol Dipivefrine Latanoprost Dorzolamide Physostigmine
Betaxolol Apraclonidine Travoprost Brinzolamide I Echothiophate
Levobunolol Brimonidine Bimatoprost
Carteolol I

Preparations
1. Timolol: Start with 0.25% eye drops BD, change to 0.5% drops in case of inadequate response. 0.5% OD as gel
forming solution. GLUCOMOL, OCUPRES, IOTIM, LOPRES 0.25% and 0.5% eye drops. TIMOLAST 0.5% gel
forming eye drops (long acting) .
Timolol 0.5% + Latanoprost 0.005%: LAPROST PLUS, LATOCHEK-T eye drops.
2. Betaxolol: 0.5% topically in eye BD; OPTIPRES, IOBET, OCUBETA 0.5% eye drops.
3. Levobunolol: 0.5% topically in eye OD; BETAGAN 0.5% ophthalmic solution.
4. Dipivefrine: 0.1% topically in eye BD; PROPINE 0.1% eye drops.
5. Apraclonidine: 0.5-1.0% topically in eye; ALFADROPS-DS 1% eye drops.
6. Brimonidine: 0.2% topically in eye TDS;
ALPHAGAN-P, BRIMODIN-P 0.15% eye drops, IOBRIM 0.2% eye drops.
El Autacoids and Related Drugs
HISTAMINERGIC AGONISTS
I
I I I I
Nonselective agonists I Selective H 1 agonists Selective H 2 agonists Selective H3 agonists
(H1 + H2 + H3) 2-Methyl histamine Dimaprit (R) a-Methylhistamine
Histamine 2-Pyridyl ethylamine lmpromidine Imetit
Betahistine I 2-Thizolyl ethylamine I
H1 ANTAGONISTS
(Conventional antihistaminics)
I

I I I I
Highly sedative I Moderately sedative I Mildly sedative Second generation
Pheniramine Chlorpheniramine (nonsedating) anti-
Diphenhydramine histaminics
Dimenhydrinate Cyproheptadine Dexchlorpheniramine
Meclozine Triprolidine Fexofenadine
Promethazine
Loratadine
Hydroxyzine I Cinnarizine IClemastine
Desloratadine
Cetirizine
Levocetirizine
Azelastine
Mizolastine
I Ebastine
Ill Autacoids and Related Drugs

19. Mizolastine: 10 mg oral; ELINA 10 mg tab.

20. Ebastine: 10 mg oral; EBAST 10 mg tab.
21. Rupatadine: 10 mg oral; RUPAHIST 10 m g tab.
Note: For H 2-Antagonists (H2-Antihistaminics) Seep. 118, 119.

5-HYDROXY TRYPTAMINE (5-HT) ANTAGONISTS

I I
Nonselective antagonists & 5-HT2 Antagonists 5-HT3 Antagonists
partial agonists/antagonists Ketanserin Ondansetron
Ergotamine Ritanserin Granisetron
Lysergic acid diethyl Clozapine Tropisetron
amide (LSD) Risperidone Palonosetron
2-Bromo LSD Ramosetron
Methysergide
Cyproheptadine
Cinnarizine
 Drugs for Migraine m
DRUGS FOR MIGRAINE
I

llr1 ■ 11,:.1,1:l1 -=1iF.r.1

Propranolol
I l (other p blockers)
Simple analgesics Antiemetics Selective 5-HT,one
agonists Amitriptyline
Paracetamol Metoclopramide (other TC As)
Aspirin Domperidone Sumatriptan
Flunarizine
Metamizol Prochlorperazine Rizatriptan
Valproic acid
I Codeine Promethazine Naratriptan
Gabapentin
Zolmitriptan
Topiramate
I Frovatriptan
Cyproheptadine
NSAIDs
Ibuprofen Ergot alkaloids
Naproxen Ergotamine
Diclofenac Dihydroergotamine
Mephenamic acid (DHE)
 Prostaglandins (PGs) IJI
PROSTAGLANDINS (PGs)
I
I I
Natural PGs Prostaglandin analogues

Dinoprostone (PGE2 ) Carboprost (15-methyl PGF2a)

Gemeprost Misoprostol (methyl PGE1 ester)
Dinoprost (PGF2a) Latanoprost (PGE2 analogue)
Alprostadil (PGE1) Travoprost
Prostacyclin (PGl2) Bimatoprost
(Epoprostenol)
 Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs/ Antipyretic-Analgesics El
NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS/ANTIPYRETIC-ANALGESICS

Preferential COX-21 Selective COX-2 I

inhibitors inhibitors
Nimesulide Celecoxib
Diclofenac Etoricoxib
Aceclofenac Parecoxib
Meloxicam Analgesic-antipyretics with
Etodolac poor antiinflammatory action

Nonselective COX Para aminophenol Pyrazolone Benzoxazocine

inhibitors derivative derivatives derivative
Paracetamol Metamizol (Dipyrone) Nefopam
(Acetaminophen) I Propiphenazone
I I I I I I
Salicylates Propionic acid Fenamate Enolic acid Acetic acid Pyrazolone
derivatives derivatives derivatives derivatives

Aspirin Ibuprofen Mephenamic Piroxicam Ketorolac Phenylbutazone

Naproxen acid Tenoxicam Indomethacin Oxyphenbutazone
Ketoprofen Nabumetone
Flurbiprofen
 Antirheumatoid Drugs/Drugs for Gout IJI
ANTIRHEUMATOID DRUGS

Disease modifying anti- Adjuvant drugs I

rheumatoid drugs (DMARDs) Prednisolone and other
glucocorticoides

Nonbiological drugs Biological agents

lmmuno- Chloroquine
Sulfasalazine Leflunomide TNF a-inhibitors IL-1 antagonist
suppressants H drox chloro ume
Methotrexa te Etanercept Anakinra
Azathioprine Infliximab
Cyclosporine DRUGS FOR GOUT Adalimumab

Acute gout I Chronic gout/Hyperuricaemia

NSAIDs
Colchicine
Glucocorticoids Uricosurics Synthesis inhibitors
Probenecid Allopurinol
Sulfinpyrazone Febuxostat
II Drugs for Respiratory Disorders
DRUGS FOR COUGH

Pharyngeal Expectorants Adjuvant

demulcents (Mucokinetics) antitussives
Bronchodilators
Lozenges Salbutamol
Syrups Secretion Terbutaline
Mucolytics
Glycerine enhancers
Liquorice Pot. citrate Bromhexine Antitussives
Pot. iodide Ambroxol (Cough centre
Guaiphenesin Acetyl cysteine suppressants)
Tolu balsam I Carbocisteine
Vasaka
I Ammon. chloride

I I I I
Opioids Nonopioids Antihistaminics Pulmonary receptor
desensitizer
Codeine Noscapine Chlorpheniramine
Ethylmorphine Dextromethorphan Diphenhydramine Prenoxdiazine
Pholcodine Chlophedianol Promethazine
 Drugs for Bronchial Asthma -

DRUGS FOR BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Leukotriene
Mast cell stabilizers Corticosteroids Anti-lgE antibody
antagonists

Montelukast Sod. cromoglycate Omalizumab

Zafirlukast Ketotifen
Systemic lnhalational
H ydrocortisone Beclomethasone
Bronchodilators
Prednisolone dipropionate
Other glucocorticoids Budesonide
Fluticasone
propionate
Flunisolide
~2 Sympathomimetics Methylxanth ines Anticholinergics Ciclesonide
Salbutamol Theophylline lpratropium Br.
Terbutaline Aminophylline Tiotropium Br.
Bambuterol Choline
Salmeterol theophyllinate
Formoterol Hydroxyethyl
theophylline
Doxophylline
D Hormones and Related Drugs
ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES
I
I I
From acidophil cells From basophil cells

Growth hormone (GH) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Prolactin Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
DRUGS ALTERING ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONE SECRETION
I
I I I
Inhibit GH release Inhibit prolactin Enhance prolactin Inhibit gonadotropin (Gn)
release release release
Somatostatin
Octreotide Bromocriptine Chlorpromazine
Lanreotide Cabergoline (other neuroleptics)
Apomorphine Metoclopramide
Reserpine
■ ■

Superactive GnRH agonists GnRH antagonists

(Initially enhance Gn release) Ganirelix
Nafarelin Goserelin Cetrorelix
Triptorelin Leuprolide
 Thyroid Hormone and Thyroid Inhibitors -

10. Triptorelin: For endometriosis and carcinoma prostate: 3.75-7.5 mg of depot injection i.m. every 4 weeks;
For female infertility: 0.1 mg s.c. daily for 10 days starting on 2nd day of menstruation;
For precocious puberty: 50 µg/kg i.m . of depot injection every 4 weeks.
DECAPEPTYL DAILY 0.1 mg inj, DECAPEPTYL DEPOT 3.75 mg inj.
11. Leuprolide: For palliative treatment of advanced carcinoma prostate-1 mg s.c. OD or 3.75 mg i.m./s.c. once
a month of depot preparation; LUPRIDE 1 mg inj, 3.75 mg d epot inj, PROGTASE 1 mg/ ml inj.

Thyroid hormone
Thyroxine (T4 )
Triiodothyronine (T3, Liothyronine)

THYROID INHIBITORS
I
I I I I
Inhibit hormone Inhibit iodide Inhibit hormone Destroy thyroid
synthesis trapping release tissue
(Antithyroid drugs) (Ionic inhibitors) Iodine Radioactive
Propy1thiouracil Thiocyanates (-SCN) Iodides of Na, K iodine 1311
Methimazole Perchlorates (-Cl04) Organic iodide
Carbimazole Nitrates (-N03)
m Hormones and Related Drugs

Preparations
L-Thyroxinesod:Adulthypothyroidism-startwith50µg/day,increaseevery2-3weeksby25--50µgtotheoptimumdoseof
100-200 µg/ day adjusted by the clinical response and serum TSH level. Cretinism-6-8 µg/kg/ day;
ELTROXIN, 25, 50, 100 µg tabs, ROXIN 100 µg tab, THYRONORM, 12.5, 25, 50, 62.5, 75, 88, 100, 112, 125, 137, 150 µg
tabs, THYROX 25, 50, 75, 100 µg tabs.
1. Propylthiouracil: 50-150 mg TDS followed by 25-50 mg BD-TDS for maintenance. PTU 50 mg tab.
2. Methimazole: 5-10 mg TDS initially, maintenance dose 5--15 mg daily in 1-2 divided doses.
3. Carbimazole: 5-15 mg TDS initially, maintenance dose 2.5--10 mg daily in 1-2 divided doses;
NEO MERCAZOLE, THYROZOLE, ANTITHYROX 5 mg tab.
4. Lugol's solution (5% iodine in 10% Pot. iodide solution):
LUGOL'S SOLUTION, COLLOID IODINE 10%: 5-10 drops/day. COLLOSOL 8 mg iodine/5 ml liq.
5. Iodide (Sod./Pot.): 5-10 mg/day prophylactic for endemic goiter; 100-300 mg/day before partial
thyroidectomy in Graves' disease.
INSULINS
I
I I I I
Rapid acting Short acting Intermediate acting Long acting

(Insulin analogues) Regular (soluble) Insulin zinc suspension (Insulin analogues)

Insulin lispro insulin (Lente insulin) Insulin glargine
Insulin aspart Neutral protamine hagedorn Insulin detemir
Insulin glulisine (NPH) or Isophane insulin
m Hormones and Related Drugs

ORAL ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS

Enhance insulin Overcome insulin Miscellaneous

secretion resistance drugs

Biguanide Thiazolidinedione a-Glucosidase

(AMPk activator) (PPARy activator) inhibitors
Metformin Pioglitazone - Acarbose
Miglitol
Voglibose
KATP channel blockers Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 Amylin
(DPP-4) inhibitors
Sitagliptin
- analogue
Pramlintide
Vildagliptin
Sulfonylureas Meglitinide/
Saxagliptin Dopamine
Tolbutamide
Glibenclamide
Phenylalanine
analo ues
Repaglinide
Alogliptin
Linagliptin
- D2 agonist
Bromocrip tine
Glipizide
Nateglinide
Gliclazide Sod-glucose
Glimepiride
- cotransport-2
(SGLT-2) inhibitor
Dapagliflozin
m Hormones and Related Drugs

CORTICOSTEROIDS

Glucocorticoids Mineralocorticoids I
Desoxycorticosterone
I I I
Short acting Intermediate acting
acetate (DOCA)
Long acting
Fludrocortisone
H ydrocortisone Prednisolone Dexamethasone Aldosterone
(Cortisol) Methyl prednisolone Betamethasone
I Triamcinolone
Deflazacort
TOPICAL STEROIDS
I
I I I
Potent Moderately potent Mild
Beclomethasone dipropionate (0.025%) Fluocinolone acetonide (0.01 %) H ydrocortisone
I
Betamethasone benzoate (0.025%) Fluocortolone (0.025%) acetate (0.1-1.0%)
Betamethasone valerate (0.12%) Clobetasol butyrate (0.05%) H ydrocortisone
Halcinonide (0.1%) Mometasone (0.1%) butyrate (0.001 %)
Clobetasol propionate (0.05%) Fluticasone propionate (0.05%)
Fluocinolone acetonide (0.025%) Hydrocortisone acetate (2.5%)
Fluocortolone (0.5%)
Triamcinolone acetonide (0.1%)
Dexamethasone sod. phos. (0.1%)
 Androgens and Related Drugs -

18. Hydrocortisone acetate 0.1-1.0% LYCORTIN 1% oint., in CORTOQUINOL 1% withquiniodochlor, 4% cream,

GENTACYN-HC TOPICAL 1% with gentamicin 0.1%, CORTISON-KEMICETINE 0.5% with chloramphenicol 0.5%.
19. Hydrocortisone butyrate 0.001% LOCOID cream
ANDROGENS AND RELATED DRUGS

Antiandrogens

Methandienone I Cyproterone acetate

Nandrolone Flutamide
Natural Synthetic
phenylpropionate Bicalutamide
Testosterone Methyl testosterone Nandrolone
Dihydrotestosterone Fluoxymesterone decanoate
Androsterone Mesterolone Oxymetholone
Stanozolol
Finasteride
Dutasteride
Drugs for Erectile Dysfunction

I I
Androgens Phosphodiesterase-5 lntracavernosal
inhibitors vasod ilators
Testosterone Sildenafil Papaverine-phentolamine
(and others) Tadalafil Alprostadil (PGE1 )
Vardenafil I
El Hormones and Related Drugs

ESTROGENS AND RELATED DRUGS

Selective estrogen Selective estrogen Aromatase

receptor down regulator receptor modulators inhibitors

Clomiphene Fulvestrant Tamoxifen citrate Letrozole

citrate Toremifene Anastrozole
Raloxifene Exemestane

Natural Synthetic
Estradiol
Estrone
Estriol Steroidal Nonsteroidal
Ethinylestradiol Diethy ls tilbes trol
Mestranol Hexestrol
Tibolone Dienestrol
 Progestins El
PROGESTINS
I
I I
Progesterone derivatives I 19-Nortestosterone derivatives
Medroxy progesterone acetate
Megestrol acetate
I
Dydrogesterone I I
Hydroxy progesterone caproate Estranes I Gonanes
Nomegestrol acetate N orethindrone Levonorgestrel
(Norethisterone) Desogestrel
Lynestrenol Norgestimate
(Ethinylestrenol) Gestodene
Allylestrenol I

Selective progesterone I
t d I t
 Hormonal Contraceptives -
HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES

• Depot medroxy-
Combined pills Phased pills Postcoital pills progesterone
acetate (DMPA)
• Norgestrel (0.5 mg)+ • Levonorgestrel • Levonorgestrel (1.5 mg)
• N orethindrone
Ethinylestradiol (50 µg) (50 µg - 75 µg - 125 µg) • Levonorgestrel (0.5 mg)
enanthate
• Levonorgestrel + +
(0.1 - 0.25 mg) + Ethinylestradiol Ethinylestradiol (100 µg)
Ethinylestradiol (30 µg - 40 µg - 30 µg) x 2 doses Progestin only pills
(20- 50 µg) • Norethindrone (mini pills)
• Desogestrel (0.15 mg)+ (0.5 mg-0.75 mg-1.0 mg)
Ethinylestradiol + • N orethindrone
(20- 30 µg) Ethinylestradiol (35 µg) (0.35 mg)
• Norgestrel (75 µg)
m Hormones and Related Drugs

UTERINE STIMULANTS
(Oxytocics)
I
I I I I
Posterior pituitary Ergot alkaloids Prostaglandins (PGs) Miscellaneous
hormone
Ergometrine PGE 2 (Dinoprostone) Ethacridine
Oxytocin (Ergonovine) Quinine
PGF2a (Dinoprost)
Desamino-oxytocin Methylergometrine 15-methyl PGF2 a
(Carboprost)
Misoprostol +
(Mifepristone)

UTERINE RELAXANTS
(Toco lyti cs)
I
I I I I
Adrenergic Calcium channel Oxytocin Miscellaneous
agonists blockers antagonist drugs
Ritodrine Nifedipine Atosiban Magnesium sulfate
Salbutamol (Other dihydro- Progesterone
Terbutaline pyridines) Nitrates
Isoxsuprine Halothane
I
II Drugs Acting on Peripheral (somatic) Nervous System
SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS

Peripherally acting Centrally acting

Mephenesin
Neuromuscular Directly acting congeners
blocking agents agents Carisoprodol
Dantrolene sodium Chlorzoxazone
Quinine Chlormezanone
Methocarbamol

Nondepolarizing Depolarizing
(competitive) blockers Benzodiazepines
blockers
Succinyl choline Diazepam, etc.
(suxamethonium)
Decamethonium
GABA mimetic
Baclofen
Long acting Intermediate acting Short acting
Thiocolchicoside
d-Tubocurarine Vecuronium Mivacurium
Pancuronium Atracurium
Doxacurium Cisa tracuri um Central a 2 agonist
Pipecuronium Rocuronium Tizanidine
Rapacuronium
m Drugs Acting on Peripheral (somatic) Nervous System

15. Baclofen: 10 mg BD-25 mg TDS oral; LIORESAL, LIOFEN 10, 25 mg tabs.

16. Thiocolchicoside: 4 mg TDS-QID; NUCOXIA-MR: thiocolchicoside 4 mg+ etoricoxib 60 mg tabs.
17. Tizanidine: 2 mg TDS; max 24 mg/day; SIRDALUD 2, 4, 6 mg tab; TIZAN 2, 4 mg tab; BRUFEN-MR, TIZAFEN
2 mg + ibuprofen 400 mg tab; TIZANAC 2 mg + didofenac 50 mg tab., PROXYVON-MR 2 mg+ nimesulide 100 mg cap.

LOCAL ANAESTHETICS

Injectable anaesthetic Surface anaesthetic

Low potency, Intermediate potency High potency,

short duration and duration long duration
Procaine Lidocaine (Lignocaine) Tetracaine
Chloroprocaine Prilocaine Bupivacaine
Ropivacaine
Dibucaine

Soluble Insoluble
Cocaine Benzocaine
Lidocaine Butylamino-
Tetracaine benzoate
Proparacaine Oxethazaine
II Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System
GENERAL ANAESTHETICS

Gas Volatile liquids Fast acting drugs Slower acting drugs

Nitrous oxide Ether Thiopentone sod.
Halo thane Methohexitone sod.
Isoflurane Propofol
Desflurane Etomidate Benzodiazepines Opioid analgesic
Sevoflurane Diazepam Fentanyl
Lorazepam
Midazolam
Dissociative
anaesthetic
Ketamine
m Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System

PREANAESTHETIC MEDICATION DRUGS

I
I I I I I
Sedative-antianxiety Opioids Anticholinergic Neuroleptics Antiemetics
drugs drugs
Morphine Chlorpromazine Metoclopramide
Diazepam Pethidine Atropine Triflupromazine Domperidone
Lorazepam Hyoscine Haloperidol Ondansetron
Promethazine Glycopyrrola te

Gastric acid
suppressant drugs
Ranitidine
Famotidine
Omeprazole
Pantoprazole

Preanaesthetic Medication Drugs

Note: See Index for preparations
 Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs -

SEDATIVE-HYPNOTIC DRUGS

Zopiclone
Eszopiclone Chloral hydrate
Zolpidem Triclophos
Hypnotic Antianxiety Anticonvu lsant
Zaleplon Paraldehyde
Diazepam Diazepam Diazepam Glutethimide
Flurazepam Chlordiazepoxide Lorazepam Methaqualone
Nitrazepam Oxazepam Clonazepam Meprobamate
Alprazolam Lorazepam Clobazam Promethazine
Temazepam Alprazolam Chlorpromazine
Triazolam Amitriptyline
Barbiturates Morphine

Long acting Short acting Ultra-short acting

Phenobarbitone Butobarbitone Thiopen tone
Pentobarbitone Methohexi tone
 Antiepileptic Drugs -

ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS
I
I I I I I
Barbiturate Hydantoin Succinimide Benzodiazepines Newer drugs
Phenobarbitone Phenytoin Ethosuximide Clonazepam Topiramate
Fosphenytoin Diazepam Zonisamide
Lorazepam Levetiracetam
IClobazam Vigabatrin
Tiagabine
Lacosamide
Deoxybarbiturate lminostilbene Aliphatic
Primidone Carbamazepine carboxylic acid
Phenyltriazine Cyclic GABA
Oxcarbazepine Valproate sod analogues
(Valproic acid) Lamotrigine
Gaba pen tin
Divalproex Pregabalin
m Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System

ANTIPARKINSONIAN DRUGS

Dopamine Dopaminergic COMT Central Antihistaminics

precursor agonists inhibitors anticholinergics
Levodopa Bromocriptine Entacapone Trihexyphenidyl Orphenadrine
Ropinirole Tolcapone Procyclidine Promethazine
Pramipexole Biperiden

Peripheral MAO-B Glutamate (NMDA receptor)

decarboxylase inhibitors agonist (Dopamine facilitator)
inhibitors Selegiline Amantadine
Carbidopa Rasagiline
Benserazide
 Antipsychotic Drugs -

ANTIPSVCHOTIC DRUGS
(Neuroleptic drugs)

I
I I
I Phenothiazines I IThioxanthine Atypical
I IFlupenthixol anti psychotics

I I I Clozapine
Risperidone
Aliphatic Piperidine Piperazine Other heterocyclic
side chain side chain side chain
Olanzapine
compounds
Quetiapine
Chlorpromazine Thioridazine Trifluoperazine Pimozide Aripiprazole
Triflupromazine Fluphenazine Loxapine Ziprasidone
Amisulpiride
Butyrophenones Zotepine
Haloperidol
Trifluperidol
Penfluridol
 Drugs for Mania and Bipolar Disorder -

DRUGS FOR MANIA AND BIPOLAR DISORDER

I I
Lithium Anticonvulsants Atypical
carbonate anti psychotics
Sodium valproate
Carbamazepine Olanzapine
Lamotrigine Risperidone
Quetiapine
Aripiprazole
HALLUCINOGENS
(Psychotomimetics, Psychedelics, Psychodysleptics)

I
I I I I
lndole alkylamines Phenylalkylamines Arylcyclohexyl- Cannabinoids
Lysergic acid Mescaline amine Tetrahydro-
diethylamide (LSD) Ecstasy Phencyclidine cannabinol (9 ~ THC)
Lysergic acid amide (Methyline dioxy-
Psilocybin methamphetamine)
Harmine YABA
Dimethyl tryptamine (Methamphetamine
+ methylhexanamine)
 Antidepressants -

ANTIDEPRESSANTS

I I
Reversible inhibitors Selective serotonin Atypical
of MAO-A (RIMAs) reuptake inhibitors (SSRls) antidepressants
Moclobernide Fluoxetine Trazodone
Fluvoxarnine Mianserin
I Clorgyline
Paroxetine Mirtazapine
Sertraline Bupropion
Citaloprarn Tianeptine
Escitaloprarn Arnineptine
Dapoxetine Atornoxetine

I Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) I Serotonin and noradrenaline

reuptake inhibitors (SNRls)
I
NA + 5-HT reuptake Predominantly NA Venlafaxine
inhibitors reuptake inhibitors Duloxetine

Irniprarnine Desiprarnine
Arnitriptyline Nortriptyline
Trirniprarnine Arnoxapine
Doxepin Reboxetine
Dothiepin
Clorniprarnine
 Antianxiety Drugs -

18. Trazodone: 50-200 mg/day; TRAZODAC 25, 50 mg tab, TRAZONIL, TRAZALON 25, 50, 100 mg tabs.
19. Mianserin: 30-100 mg/day; TETRADEP 10, 20, 30 mg tab, SERIDAC 10, 30 mg tab.
20. Bupropion: 150-300 mg/day; SMOQUIT- SR, BUPRON-SR 150 mg tab.
21. Mirtazapine: 15-45 mg/day; MIRT 15, 30, 45 mg tabs, MIRTAZ 15, 30 mg tab.
22. Venlafaxine: 75-150 mg/day; VENLOR 25, 37.5, 75 mg tabs, VENIZ-XR 37.5, 75, 150 mg ER caps.
23. Tianeptine: 12.5 mg BD-TDS; STABLON 12.5 mg tab.
24. Amineptine: 100 mg BD at breakfast and lunch; SURVECTOR 100 mg tab.
25. Duloxetine: 30-80 mg/day; DELOK, DULANE, DUZAC 20, 30, 40 mg caps.

ANTIANXIETY DRUGS
I
I I I I
Benzodiazepines IAzapirones Sedative- p-adrenergic
Diazepam Buspirone antihistaminic blocker
Oxazepam Gepirone I Hydroxyzine Propranolol
Lorazepam Ispapirone
Chlordiazepoxide
Alprazolam
I
 Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists Ill
OPIOID ANALGESICS AND ANTAGONISTS

Opioid µ receptor agonists

Natural opium Sem isynthetic Synthetic Agonist-antagonists Naloxone

alkaloids opioids opioids K anal esics Naltrexone
Morphine Diacetylmorphine Pethidine Nalorphine Nalmefene
Codeine (Heroin) (Meperidine) Pentazocine
Pholcodine Methadone Butorphanol
Ethylmorphine Fentanyl
Dextro- Partial µ agonist +
propoxyphene K antagonist
Tramadol
Buprenorphine

Preparations
Opioid Analgesics
1. Morphine: 10-50 mg oral, 10-15 mg i.m. or s.c., 2-6 mg i.v.; 2-3 mg epidural/intrathecal; children 0.1-0.2 mg/
kg i.m. or s.c. MORPHINE SULPHATE 10 mg/ml inj; MORCONTIN 10, 30, 60, 100 mg continuous release tabs;
30-100 mg BD; RILIMORF 10, 20 mg tabs, 60 mg SR tab.
 CNS Stimulants and Cognition Enhancers -

CNS STIMULANTS

I I
Convulsants Analeptic Psychostimulants

Strychnine Doxapram Amphetamines Armodafinil

Picrotoxin Methyl phenidate Pemoline
Bicuculline Atomoxetine Cocaine
I Pentylenetetrazole Modafinil Caffeine

COGNITION ENHANCERS
(Cerebroactive drugs)

I I
Cholinergic Glutamate (NMDA) Miscellaneous drugs
activators antagonist Piracetam Citicoline
Rivastigmine Memantine Pyritinol Piribedil
Donepezil
(Pyrithioxine) Ginkgo biloba
Galantamine
Dihydroergotoxine
I Tacrine (Codergocrine)
 Drugs for Peripheral Vascular Diseases a
DRUGS FOR PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES

I
I I I I
Rheological Phosphodiesterase-3 Anti platelet Antioxidants
agent inhibitor drugs Vitamin E
Pentoxiphylline Cilostazol Aspirin
(Oxpentifylline) Clopidogrel
Ticlopidine

I Vasodilators I
I I I I
Direct acting ~-adrenergic a -adrenergic Calcium channel
Cyclandelate agonists blockers blockers
Xanthinol Isoxsuprine Prazosin Nifedipine Prostacyclin
nicotinate Phenoxybenzamine Nitrendipine (PGl 2)
B Cardiovascular Drugs
ANTI HYPERTENSIVE DRUGS (1)

Renin-angiotensin
system inhibitors

Thiazides High ceiling Pot. sparing

~-adrenergic a +~
H ydrochlorothiazide Furosemide Spironolactone blockers adrenergic
Chlorthalidone (others) Eplerenone blockers
Propranolol
Indapamide Amiloride Labetalol
Metoprolol
Atenolol Carvedilol
(others)

ACE inhibitors Angiotensin (AT1) Direct renin

receptor blockers inhibitor
Captopril a-adrenergic Central
Enalapril Losartan Aliskiren blockers sympatholytics
Lisinopril Candesartan Prazosin Clonidine
Perindopril Valsartan Terazosin Methyldopa
Ramipril Telrnisartan Doxazosin
Fosinopril lrbesartan Phentolamine
Quinapril Olmesartan Phenoxybenzamine Contd .....
Trandolapril
 Antihypertensive Drugs -

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS (2)

Calcium channel blockers Va sod ilators

Phenyl- Benzothiazepine Dihydropyridines Arteriolar dilator Arteriolar +

alkylamine Diltiazem Nifedipine Hydralazine venodilator
Verapamil Felodipine Minoxidil Nitroprusside
Amlodipine Diazoxide sod.
Nitrendipine
Lacidipine
Lercanidipine
Benidipine
 Antianginal Drugs -

ANTIANGINAL DRUGS

Calcium channel Pot. channel Other

blockers opener antianginal
drugs

Short acting Long acting Propranolol Verapamil ["NicorandiTJ Trimetazidine

Glyceryl trinitrate Isosorbide Metoprolol Diltiazem Ranolazine
Isosorbide dinitrate Atenolol Amlodipine Ivabradine
dinitrate (oral) (others) Nitrendipine Oxyphedrine
(sub lingual) Isosorbide (others) Dipyridamole
mononitrate
Erythritol
tetranitrate
Pentaerythritol
tetranitrate
 Drugs for Congestive Heart Failure IJI
DRUGS FOR CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

Diuretics Aldosterone
antagonists

Cardiac Sympatho- PDE3 High ceiling Thiazide like

Spironolactone
glycosides mimetics inhibitors
Furosemide H ydrochloro- Eplerenone
Digoxin Dobutamine Inamrinone Bumetanide thiazide
Ouabain Dopamine Milrinone Metolazone 0-adrenergic
Xipamide blockers
Renin-angiotensin inhibitors
Vasodilators Metoprolol
Bisoprolol
I I Nebivolol
ACE inhibitors Angiotensin AT1 Venodilators Arteriolar + Carvedilol
rece tor blockers venodilator
Enalapril Glyceryl-
Ramipril Losartan trinitrate Sod.
(others) Candesartan Isosorbide- nitroprusside
(others) dinitrate

Arteriolar dilator
PDE: Phosphodiesterase; ACE: Angiotensin converting enzyme Hydralazine
 Antiarrhythmic Drugs El
ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS

Class I Class IV
Membrane stabilizing agents Calcium channel
blockers

Verapamil
(A) (B) (C)
Diltiazem
Moderately decrease Little decrease in Marked decrease in
dv/dt of O phase dv/dt of O phase dv/dt of O phase
Class Ill
Quinidine Lidocaine Propafenone Agents widening
Procainamide Mexiletine Flecainide action potential
Disopyramide

Class II Amiodarone
Antiadrenergic
Dronedarone
agents Dofetilide
Drugs for
PSVT lbutilide
Propranolol
Adenosine Sotalol (class III
Digoxin
property as well)
Esmolol
PSVT: Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
II Drugs Acting on Kidney
DIURETICS

High ceiling Medium efficacy Weak/adjunctive

. . + + + - diuretics
(lnh1b1tors of Na -K -2CI (Inhibitors of Na -Cl
cotransport) symport)

Furosemide I
(Frusemide) Benzothiadiazines Thiazide-like Carbonic Osmotic
Bumetanide H ydrochlorothiazide Chlorthalidone anhydrase diuretic
Torasemide H ydroflumethiazide Metolazone inhibitor
Mannitol
Benzthiazide Xipamide Acetazolamide Isosorbide
lndapamide Glycerol
ANTI DIURETICS Clopamide
Potassium sparing
diuretics
I I
Antidiuretic hormone Natriuretics Miscellaneous
and its analogues I
Thiazides Carbamazepine
Vasopressin Aldosterone Renal epithelial Na+
Amiloride Chlorpropamide
Desmopressin antagonists channel inhibitors
Indomethacin
Lypressin I Spironolactone Amiloride
Terlipressin I Eplerenone I Triamterene
IJ Drugs Affecting Blood
HAEMATINICS
I
I I 1
I Iron I Maturation factors Adjuvant
I Vitamin B12: haematinics
I I Cyanocobalamin Copper
Oral iron Parenteral iron Hydroxocobalamin Pyridoxine
Methylcobalamin Riboflavin
Ferrous sulfate Iron-dextran
Folic acid:
Ferrous fumarate Iron-sorbitol-
Folinic acid
Ferrous gluconate citric acid
(leucovorin,
Ferrous succinate Ferrous sucrose
citrovorum factor)
Ferrous aminoate Ferric carboxy-
Ferric ammonium maltose
citrate
Ferric hydroxy
polymaltose
Carbonyl iron
Iron-cal. complex
 Coagulants m
4. Folinic acid: 1-3 mg i.v.; CALCIUM LEUCOVORIN 3 mg/ml inj; FASTOVORIN 3 mg and 15 mg amps,
50 mg vial; RECOVORIN 15 mg tab, 15 mg and 30 mg vial for inj .

Erythropoietic factor
Recombinant human erythropoietin (Epoetin a, ~): 25-100 IU/kg s.c./i.v. 3 times a week (max 600 IU/
kg/week);
HEMAX 2000 IU/ml and 4000 IU/ml vials ; EPREX 2000 IU, 4000 IU and I 0,000 IU in I ml prefilled syringes;
ZYROP (epoetin ~) 2000 IU and 4000 IU vials.

COAGULANTS
I
I I
Vitamin K Miscellaneous
K1 : Phytonadione Fibrinogen (human)
(Phylloquinone) Antihaemophilic factor
K3: Menadione Desmopressin
Acetomenaphthone Adrenochrome mono-
Menadione sod. semicarbazone
bisulfite Ethamsylate
Menadione sod. Rutin
diphosphate
 Anticoagulants Ill
ANTICOAGULANTS

Indirect thrombin Direct Coumarin Direct factor Oral direct

inhibitors thrombin derivatives Xa inhibitor thrombin inhibitor
1 Heparin (unfractionated) inhibitors
Bishydroxycoumarin Rivaroxaban Dabigatran-
Low molecular weight Lepirudin (dicumarol) etexilate
heparins Bivalirudin W arfarin sod.
(Enoxaparin, Reviparin, Argatroban Acenocoumarol In vitro anticoagulants I
Nadroparin, Dalteparin, (Nicoumalone)
Heparin
Parnaparin, Ardeparin) Ethyl-biscoum-
Sod. edetate
Fondaparinux acetate
Sod. citrate
Danaparoid
Sod. oxalate
 Fibrinolytics/ Antifibrinolytics/Antiplatelet Drugs m
6. Acenocoumarol (Nicoumalone): 8-12 mg followed by 2-8 mg/day; ACITROM, NISTROM 1, 2, 4 mg tabs.
7. Ethylbiscoum acetate: 900 mg followed by 300-600 mg/day.
8. Sodium citrate: 1.65 g for 350 ml of blood (for transfusion); ANTICOAGULANT ACID CITRATE DEXTROSE
SOLUTION 2.2 g/100 ml (75 ml is used for 1 unit of blood).
9. Sodium oxalate: 10 mg for 1 ml blood (for blood counts etc.).
10. Sodium edetate: 2 mg for 1 ml blood (for investigations).

Fibrinolytics Antifibrinolytics
(Thrombolytics) (Antithrombolytics)
Streptokinase Epsilon amino-caproic acid
Urokinase (EA CA)
Alteplase (rt-PA) Tranexamic acid
Reteplase
Tenecteplase

ANTIPLATELET DRUGS
(Antithrombotic drugs)

I
I I I I
Thromboxane Platelet P2Y12 receptor GP lli/1118
synthesis cAMP blockers antagonists
inhibitor enhancer
Ticlopidine Abciximab
Aspirin I Dipyridamole Clopidogrel Eptifibatide
I Prasugrel I Tirofiban
a Drugs Affecting Blood

HYPOLIPIDAEMIC DRUGS
I
I I I
HMG-CoA reductase Lipoprotein lipase Sterol absorbtion
inhibitors (Statins) activators (PPARa inhibitor
Lovas ta tin activators: Fibrates) Ezetimibe
Simvastatin Clofibrate
Pravastatin Gemfibrozil
Atorvastatin Bezafibrate
Rosuvastatin Fenofibrate
Pitavastatin

Bile acid sequestrants Lipolysis and triglyceride

synthesis inhibitor
Cholestyramine
Colestipol Nicotinic acid

Preparations
1. Lovastatin: 10--40 mg/day; ROVACOR, AZTATIN, LOVAMEG 10, 20 mg tabs.
2. Simvastatin: 5-20 mg/day (max 80 mg); SIMVOTIN, SIMCARD, ZOSTA 5, 10, 20 mg tabs.
3. Pravastatin: 10--40 mg/day; PRAVATOR 10, 20 mg tabs.
4. Atorvastatin: 10--40 mg/day (max 80 mg); AZTOR, ATORVA, ATORLIP 5, 10, 20 mg tabs.
5. Rosuvastatin: 5-20 mg/day (max. 40 mg/day); ROSUV AS, ROSYN 5, 10, 20 mg tab.
IDJ Gastrointestinal Drugs
DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER

Gastric acid neutralizers

(Antacids)
Amoxicillin
Ulcer protectives Clarithromycin
H2 Antihistamines Proton pump Prostaglandin
Sucralfate Metronidazole
Cimetidine inhibitors analogue
Tinidazole
Ranitidine Colloidal bismuth
Omeprazole Misoprostol Tetracycline
Famotidine subcitrate (CBS)
Esomeprazole CBS
Roxatidine Pantoprazole
Lansoprazole
Rabeprazole Systemic Nonsystemic
Dexrabeprazole Sod. bicarbonate Mag. hydroxide
Anticholinergics
Sod. citrate Mag. trisilicate
Pirenzepine Alumin. hydroxide
Prop an the line Magaldrate
Oxyphenonium Cal. carbonate
cm Gastrointestinal Drugs

ANTI EMETICS
I
I I I
Anticholinergics Neuroleptics Prokinetic drugs N K1 receptor
(D2 blockers) antagonists
Hyoscine Metoclopramide
I Dicyclomine Chlorpromazine Domperidone Aprepitant
Triflupromazine Cisapride, Fosaprepitant
Prochlorperazine Mosapride
(others) Itopride
I

IH1 antihistaminics 5-HT3 antagonists Adjuvant

antiemetics
Promethazine Ondansetron
Diphenhydramine Granisetron Dexamethasone
Dimenhydrinate Palonosetron Benzodiazepines
Doxylamine Ramosetron Dronabinol
I Meclozine (Meclizine) I Nabilone
 Laxatives Im
LAXATIVES
(Purgatives, Cathartics)
I
I I I
Bulk forming Stool softener Osmotic
agents purgatives
Dietary fibre: bran Docusates (DOSS) Mag. sulfate
Psyllium (plantago) Liquid paraffin Mag. hydroxide
Ispaghula Sod. sulfate
Methyl cellulose Sod. phosphate
Sod. pot. tartrate
Lactulose

I Stimulant purgatives I

I I I
Di phenyl methanes Anthraquinones 5-HT4 agonist Fixed oil
(Emodins)
Phenolphthalein Prucalopride Castor oil
Bisacodyl Senna
Sod. picosulfate Cascara sagrada
Im Gastrointestinal Drugs

DRUGS FOR DIARRHOEA

Antimicrobial I Probiotics
'
drugs
Lactobacillus sp.
Norfloxacin Bifidobacterium
Ciprofloxacin bifidum
Rifaximin Strep. faecalis
Enterococcus sp. 5-ASA Gluco-
Cotrimoxazole
Bacillus clausii compounds corticoids
Ampicillin
Tetracycline Saccharomyces Sulfasalazine Prednisolone
Erythromycin boulardii Mesalazine H ydrocortisone
Metronidazole Balsalazide (enema)
Olsalazine

Nonspecific
antidiarrhoeal drugs lmmunosuppressants
Azathioprine
Methotrexate
Absorbants/ Antisecretory Anti motility Cyclosporine
adsorbants drugs drugs Infliximab
Ispaghula Rasecadotril Codeine
Methylcellulose Bismuth subsalicylate Diphenoxylate
Kaolin Anticholinergics Loperamide
Pectin Octreotide
m Antibacterial Drugs

ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS
I
I I I I
Inhibit cell wall Inhibit protein Cause misreading Interfere with
synthesis synthesis of m-RNA ➔ affect DNA function
Penicillins Tetracyclines permeabi Iity
Rifampin
Cephalosporins Chloramphenicol Aminoglycosides: -
Carbapenems Erythromycin (Streptomycin, Interfere with
Monobactams (other macrolides) Gentamicin, intermediary
Vancomycin Clindamycin others) metabolism
Cycloserine Linezolid
Bacitracin Sulfonamides
I
Sulfones
Cause leakage from Trimethoprim
Inhibit DNA gyrase
cell membranes Pyrimethamine
Ciprofloxacin Para amino-
Polymyxin (Other fluoro- salicylic acid
Colistin quinolones) Metronidazole
Bacitracin
I Amphotericin B
 Sulfonamides/Quinolone Antimicrobials Ill
SULFONAMIDES
I
I I I I
Short acting Intermediate acting Long acting I Special purpose
Sulfadiazine Sulfamethoxazole Sulfadoxine Sulfacetamide sod.
Sulfamethopyrazine Sulfasalazine
Silver sulfadiazine
I Mafenide
QUINOLONE ANTIMICROBIALS

Nalidixic acid

First generation Second generation

Norfloxacin Levofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin Moxifloxacin
Ofloxacin Gemifloxacin
Pefloxacin Prulifloxacin
Lomefloxacin
Sparfloxacin
cm Antibacterial Drugs

PENICILLINS

Semisynthetic penicillins 0-lactamase I

.m h·b·t
1 1 ors
Benzyl penicillin
(Penicillin G) Clavulanic acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam

I I
Acid-resistant Penicillinase Extended spectrum
alternative to resistant penicillins
penicillin G penicillins
Phenoxymethyl Methicillin I I
penicillin Cloxacillin Amino- Ureido-
I (Penicillin V) Dicloxacillin penicillins penicillins
Ampicillin Piperacillin
Bacampicillin Mezlocillin
Amoxicillin

Carboxy-
penicillin
Carbenicillin
 Cephalosporins IEI
CEPHALOSPORINS

Oral Parenteral Oral Parenteral Parenteral

Cephalexin Cefazolin Cefixime Cefotaxime Cefepime
Cefadroxil Cefpodoxime Ceftriaxone Cefpirome
Second generation proxetil Ceftizoxime
Cefdinir Ceftazidime
Ceftibuten Cefoperazone
Ceftamet pivoxil
Oral Parenteral
Cefaclor Cefuroxime
Cefuroxime Cefoxitin
axetil
Cefprozil
 Antitubercular Drugs Ill
ANTITUBERCULAR DRUGS

Isoniazid
Rifampin
Pyrazinamide Fluoroquinolones Other oral drugs Injectable drugs
Ethambutol Ofloxacin Ethionamide Kanamycin
Streptomycin Levofloxacin Prothionamide Amikacin
Moxifloxacin Cycloserine Capreomycin
Ciprofloxacin Terizidone
Paraamino-
salicylic acid (PAS)
Rifabutin
Thiacetazone
 Antitubercular/Antileprotic Drugs Ill
ALTERNATIVE CLASSIFICATION
ANTITUBERCULAR DRUGS

I
I I I I I
Group I Group II Group Ill Group IV GroupV
First line oral drugs Injectable drugs Fluoroquinolones Second line Unclear efficacy
Isoniazid Streptomycin Ofloxacin oral drugs drugs
Rifampin Kanamycin Levofloxacin Ethionamide Thiacetazone
Pyrazinamide Amikacin Moxifloxacin Prothionamide Clarithromycin
I Ethambutol Capreomycin Ciprofloxacin Cycloserine Clofazimine
Terizidone Linezolid
Para amino-
salicylic acid

ANTILEPROTIC DRUGS

I
I I I I
Sulfone Phenazine Antitubercular Other antibiotics
derivative drugs
Dapsone Ofloxacin
Clofazimine Rifampin Moxifloxacin
Ethionamide Minocycline
Clarithromycin
II Antifungal, Antiviral, Antiprotozoal and Anthelmintic Drugs
ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS

Azoles Allylamine Topical agents

Polyenes Heterocyclic
-
Terbinafine Tolnaftate
Undecylenic acid
Benzoic acid
Ciclopirox olamine
Butenafine
benzofuran
Amphotericin B Quiniodochlor
Nystatin Griseofulvin lmidazoles Triazoles Sod. thiosulfate
Hamycin Fluconazole
Itraconazole
Echinocandins Voriconazole
Caspofungin Posaconazole
Topical Systemic
Micafungin
Anidulafungin Clotrimazole Ketoconazole
Econazole
Miconazole
Oxiconazole
 Antiviral Drugs (Non-retroviral) Im
ANTIVIRAL DRUGS (Non-retroviral)

Anti-herpes I Anti-influenza Anti-hepatitis virus/

virus drugs virus drugs Nonselective antiviral
Idoxuridine Amantadine drugs
Trifluridine Rimantadine
Acyclovir Oseltamivir
Valacyclovir Zanamivir
Famciclovir For hepatitis B For hepatitis C
Ganciclovir
Lamivudine Ribavirin
Valganciclovir
Adefovir dipivoxil Interferon a
Cidofovir
Foscamet Tenofovir
Fomivirsen
cm Antifungal, Antiviral , Antiprotozoal and Anthelmintic Drugs

ANTIRETROVIRUS DRUGS
I
I I
Nucleoside reverse Non-nucleoside Protease
transcriptase reverse transcriptase inhibitors (Pis)
inhibitors (NRTls) inhibitors (NNRTls)
Ritonavir
Zidovudine Nevirapine Atazanavir
Didanosine Efavirenz Indinavir
Stavudine Delavirdine Nelfinavir
Lamivudine Saquinavir
Abacavir Amprenavir
Em trici tabine Lopinavir
Tenofovir

I I I
Entry inhibitor CCR-5 receptor inhibitor lntegrase inhibitor
Enfuvirtide Maraviroc Raltegravir
Im Antifungal, Antiviral, Antiprotozoal and Anthelmintic Drugs

ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS
I
I Biguanide
I Sulfonamide/
I
Amino-alcohols
4-Aminoquinolines
Chloroquine Proguanil Sulfone Halofantrine
Amodiaquine (Chloroguanide) Sulfadoxine Lumefantrine
IPiperaquine Sulfametho-
pyraz1ne
IDapsone

Quinoline-methanol Diaminopyrimidine Antibiotics INaphthoquinone

Mefloquine Pyrimethamine Doxycycline IAtovaquone
Clindamycin

ICinchona alkaloid 8-Aminoquinolines Sesquiterpine-lactones Naphthyridine

Quinine Primaquine Artesunate Pyronaridine
IQuinidine Tafenoquine Artemether
Arteether
Arterolane
Im Antifungal, Antiviral , Antiprotozoal and Anthelmintic Drugs

ANTIAMOEBIC DRUGS

Tissue amoebicides Luminal amoebicides

For intestinal + For extra- Amides Antibiotics

extraintestinal intestinal
amoebiasis amoebiasis only Diloxanide furoate Tetracycline
Ni tazoxanide Paromomycin
Chloroquine

8-Hydroxyquinolines

Nitroimidazoles Alkaloid Quiniodochlor

(lodochlorohydroxyquin)
Metronidazole Emetine Diiodohydroxyquin
Tinidazole Dehydroemetine (lodoquinol)
Secnidazole
Ornidazole
Sa tranidazole
m Antifungal, Antiviral , Antiprotozoal and Anthelmintic Drugs

Combinations
1. Liposomal amphotericin B (5 mg/kg i.v. infusion single dose)+ Miltefosine (100 mg/day oral for 7 days)
2. Liposomal amphotericin B (5 mg/kg i.v. infusion single dose) + Paromomycin (15 mg/kg i.m. daily for 10 days)
3. Miltefosine (100 mg/day oral for 10 days)+ Paromomycin (15 mg/kg i.m. daily for 10 days).

ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS
I
I I I I
For Roundworm, For Whipworm, For Tapeworms For Hydatid
Hookworm, Trichinella Praziquantel disease
Pinworm soiralis Niclosamide Albendazole
Albendazole Albendazole
Mebendazole Mebendazole
Albendazole I Mebendazole
Pyrantel pamoate
Piperazine
Levamisole

For Threadworm For Filariasis

lvermectin Diethylcarbamazine
Albendazole lvermectin
Albendazole
IBJ Anticancer Drugs (Antineoplastic Drugs)
ANTICANCER DRUGS (1)

:ll'Iuu .. ~ 11 IIU(II,....

I
Alkylating Platinum I Antimetabolites I
agents coordination
complexes
I
Cisplatin
I I
Folate Purine Pyrimidine
Carboplatin
antagonists antagonists antagonists
I Oxaliplatin
Methotrexate 6-Mercaptopurine 5-Fluorouracil
Pemetrexed 6-Thioguanine Capecitabine
Azathioprine Cytarabine
I Fludarabine

I I
Nitrogen Ethylenimine Nitrosoureas Methyl hydrazine
mustards
Thiotepa Carmustine Procarbazine
Mechlorethamine Lomustine
Cyclophosphamide
Ifosphamide Alkylsulfonate Triazine
Chlorambucil
Melphalan Busulfan Dacarbazine
Temozolomide Contd.....
m Anticancer Drugs (Antineoplastic Drugs)

ANTICANCER DRUGS (2)

Microtubule Topoisomerase-2 Topoisomerase-1 Antibiotics Miscellaneous

damaging agents inhibitor inhibitors
Actinomycin D Hydroxyurea
Etoposide Topotecan Doxorubicin L-Asparaginase
Irinotecan Daunorubicin Tretinoin
Epirubicin Arsenic trioxide
Mi toxan trone
Bleomycins
Vinca alkaloids Taxanes
Mitomycin C
Vincristine Paclitaxel
Estram us tine
(oncovin) Docetaxel
Vinblastine
Vinorelbine
Contd.....
 Anticancer Drugs Ill
ANTICANCER DRUGS (3)

Hormonal drugs
I
I I I I
Tyrosine protein EGF receptor Angiogenesis Proteasome Monoclonal
kinase inhibitors inhibitors inhibitors inhibitor antibody
Irnatinib Gefitinib Sunitinib Bortezornib Rituxirnab
Nilotinib Erlotinib Bevacizurnab
Cetuxirnab

I I I I
Glucocorticoids SERMs Aromatase Sa-reductase Progestins
Tarnoxifen inhibitors inhibitors
Prednisolone
Hydroxy-
(others) Torernifene Letrozole Finasteride progesterone
Anastrozole Dutasteride
acetate (others)
Exernestane

Estrogens SER-down Antiandrogens GnRH analogues

regulator
Ethinyl estradiol Flutarnide Nafarelin
Fosfestrol Fulvestrant Bicalutarnide Leuprorelin
Triptorelin
II Miscellaneous Drugs
IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT DRUGS
I
I I I I I
Calcineurin m-TOR Anti proliferative GI ucocorticoids Biological
inhibitors inhibitors drugs agents
Prednisolone
Cyclosporine Sirolimus Azathioprine (others)
(Ciclosporin) Everolimus Methotrexate
I Tacrolimus Cyclophosphamide
Chlorambucil
Mycophenolate mofetil

I I I I I
TNFa IL-1 receptor IL-2 receptor Anti-CD3 Polyclonal
inhibitors antagonist antagonists antibody antibodies
Etanercept Anakinra Daclizumab Muromonab CD3 Antithymocyte
Infliximab Basiliximab antibody (ATG)
I Adalimumab Rho(D) immune
globulin
cm Miscellaneous Drugs

DRUGS FOR ACNE VULGARIS

Antimicrobials Retinoids Azelaic acid Antibiotics Retinoid

BenzoyIperoxide Tretinoin Doxycycline Isotretinoin
Erythromycin (all trans- Minocycline (13-cis retinoic
Clindamycin retinoic acid) Erythromycin acid)
N adifloxacin Adapalene
Tazarotene

Preparations
1. Benzoyl peroxide: 2.5-10% topical application;
PERSOL, PERNOX, BENZAC-AC 2.5% and 5% gel; in PERSOL FORTE 10% cream with sulfur ppt. 5%.
2. Tretinoin (Retinoic acid, all trans vitamin A acid): 0.025%-0.05% topical application;
EUDYNA 0.05% cream, RETINO-A 0.025% and 0.05% cream.
3. Adapalene: 0.1% topical application once daily at bed time; ADAFERIN, ADAPEN, ACLENE 0.1% gel.
4. Azelaic acid: 10-20% topical application; AZIDERM 10%, 20% cream.
5. Erythromycin: 2-4% topical application; ACNEDERM 2% lotion and oint; ERYTOP 3% lotion and cream;
EROMED 2% lotion, 4% gel, ACNELAC-Z 4% lotion and gel with zinc acetate 2%.
 Vaccines Im
VACCINES

Bacterial Viral Bacterial Viral

Typhoid - paratyphoid (TAB) Poliomyelitis inactivated Bacillus Poliomyelitis oral
Vi Typhoid polysaccharide (IPV; Salk vaccine) Calmette- vaccine (OPV, Sabin)
Cholera Rabies (Neural tissue) Guerin (BCG) Mumps (Live atte.)
Whooping cough (Pertussis) Rabies (chick embryo cell; Typhoid Ty 21a Measles (Live atte.)
Meningococcal PCEV) (oral) Rubella (Live atte.)
Haemophilus influenzae Rabies (Human diploid Varicella (Live atte.)
type B cell; HDCV)
Plague Rabies (Vero cell; PVRV) Toxoids
Influenza
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis A !Tetanus (fluid/ adsorbed)
Diphtheria (adsorbed)
Combined vaccines
Double antigen: Diphtheria toxoid + tetanus toxoid (DT-DA)
Triple antigen: Diphtheria toxoid + tetanus toxoid + pertussis vaccine (DPT)
Pentavalent vaccine: DPT+ Hepatitis B + H. influenzae type B vaccines
Measles+ mumps+ rubella vaccine (MMR)