.

ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAlVliNATIONS C01JNCIL

General Certificate of Education Advanced Level

l\tIARKING SCHEr~1E
"--

NOVEIVIBER 2006

CHEMISTRY 9189/1
= .

1 (a)
The potential observed when a half cell is connected L) th<Standard~ydrogen
half cell under standard conditions. '-.- f . i!1
(b) ().) L
ComposItIOn
~11"t-/\
'
~~J

. \

( a piece of filter paper soaked in)(a saturated solution o~ a simple salt '
e.g. KN03; fL \~-5..;\•.•~4:- --;OoOo 'C;\~+
.

Use
Provides a connection between the two half cells/allows ions to flow
between the cel]s without the two solutions ,:rJ ..,.xing/ camp}.ete the, cit,·c. 'uit.. "v .
AW M-"f/",~~~'t ~ t\e:ek~\(,4·' V\<2.M.1;-(>I\.tt+Oo1t re-ve-·t~ ~~t-4 ~'Y\\.''lr~~ .

(iii)

(iv) silver: ~,Vs-.\;:,,\(;~, 'il.,;:'\i 'i""':"':')';-"" ''':.':·\..~d;,''''''~, i"; ~(':""'\i"'-., \ I' ';),'.., .. >Oo" :'"

Becau~,e.Ag+iA~ s~st~nl,h;s more +ve standar« electrode potential.v« ;,,'<.<t'2'1' 'Oo

k,::"" \'''-'.;'.!.._., ,.•.~~\ }_;~'- s,•.

(v) . Temperature not equal to 298K(25°C) f ~ :

~ > •

=.;{c)
correct diagram r;j
correct conditions I 1;
i.e. Pt electrode. H2 at 1 atm ,.
H+ at 1 moldm" f- iJ-lLtit "",JIM :~l~Y
Temp 25""C/298k
[Total : 12'i
 .

2 (a) (i) propanone

iodine
acid'" Hel \,.ri
"
.:~:~,~::..
t:

I~~ 1 lJ' (iii)

[I}

(iv) using Expt 1: {, "~'~

10.9 x 10 -6 moldrn" S-1 = k x~ .:25 moldm-~ x 0.5 moldm--3~ ,

cL}-
6
k = 1,~.9X 10- S - ~ 3

(1.21>< 0.5 x moldm

MSw-2H' {
[')1
·t:'74~e::5 rlwTS dm<'f~-' l.4lAi·! 5:; L- !

111/ b ''f. iif-i5

(b) Using colorimetry/yellow colour of h fades as the reaction j
;
. - ,~

proceeds/titration of thiosulphate + h
fIl
Rate constant increases

(1) Slowest step in a chemical reaction (detennines

, the overall speed of
>

the reaction)
~Lt
(ii) propanone, H€l Il.- rll
l-j

[Total:
.121

",
 .

3 (a) (i) A+G=B-C-D-E-F

A=B--:-C-D-E-F-G
=\6~)- 150 - 738 - 1 450 - 244 - (- 728)
';.)-AO.c
=%~ kJmo I-J. '("':. (.:

(working = 1; ansyver + unit + sign 1 mark)

, "v,
(ii) Lattice energy ~f magnesium chloridE)

(b) (i) j t:,It Ji

Enthalpy change when.p~llOle of gaseous atoms gain electronsi,to form

negatively charged ions ') ------ •.---------- - r 11
(ii) G

G 728 .,
(Hi) - = -- = -364KJmoT"
2 2

,; .' .•.-;-

!; ;

Be electrons not shielded much; ii

Stronger metallic bond in Be ~

,
b f·-~\ -J ~rlV";_:') .c{,-~._\cjt~!'L"\', -~':;+1~~-"
-
.i-t<J: - ,
--""-..t.~__ ..~i--..
[11
(d) Iilcreasing order of stability :
MgCl3 < MgCl < MgC]z; ~...
{' ,::t~
.:

Only Mg2+ ion formation leads to stable noble gas configuration. A W

-!
 "

~JJ\ /
4 (a) Strength of Van cler Waals' forces increasing; (on going down the group)
between molecules;
as the number of electrons in the molecules increase L, ~,~ At- i'~ fTlr'
//-:~ -:%..e. /_}/Io''l-'\.c/\,p_ I."V~ ! ta.:.:.--.-t:.. •.;J..:.<-.-~·
(b) chlorine - greenish/yellow gas

~~~~:~ ~l~~~':li~quid f~;~~h IL, ,oy ~rr'

colour (1)
state (1)

(i) NaX + H2S04 ~ NaHS04 + fiX

where X = CI, Br or I

!,.j
(~onc H2S04 i<san oxidist,ng agent).'. it is able to oxidise
HBr and HI~o Br2 and h\but not Hel AW
Easy of oxidation of hydrogen halides increases down the group
.
1.1- ]

2J:-!X(g)+ H2S04 (I) 2H20(l)+ S02(g) + X2 i

'i]
\1

X = Br; I
;'o~1iaCI/ L;illfetfume~')~,-',,'
? '

-~,IY;~(i~ ;f-LD z. ""_ ;_?Je" '''t~r.

NaBr brown fumes /~71-Yv""- !;'}-'" :(

NaI violet-purple fumes, ,s /':'.J:: /c .\ ,i \' f.~ ''''1
P
! (Total 12)

.'
.~:
AICh SiCl4 PCI)
5 n, tlf) (i) NaCl MgCl2
:}, PCl5 \3J
..I-h (AI2C16)- -.--

(ii) NaCI MgCl2 AICh SiCl4 PCl3

AhCI6· PCls

+ 1 +2 +3 +4 +5 [11
;.'
"'"
,'[I t".l'Y'~li'
across the periodjorm + 1 fOl·~ff
i)

~idation number increases

:,\2';S.Na to +5 for P(in PCIs); ) <; ,N

. ", ~ - corresponds to the total number of outer shell electrons; [1]

..}-{r-tz
In PCh, only outer electrons are used ~'
Ii ?
,::
;"t ---":':"-- __
:
f -...; • t~----'.
Pi:.:lI:,
L~...r'· .... ~•• :.
:"'.
"
-s.s;~ !"',I
~

--~1
Al Chd- 6H2q,,~
. ~ 3+ '.
[AI(H20)6]p( .....-:;;-
..... (2)
(ii)

(iii)

: 1:21

\ '
'"~.\ '
 6
6 (a) (i) Few CN- ions to initiate nucleophilic attack
since HCN is weakly ionised; .i\ ,x)
111
l. ,

Trace of base shifts the equilibrium

HCN ~ H+ + CN- to the right by reacting with n+ to form water;

" ~..
.-'Arace
\ ....• o~\CN from NaCN initiates nucleophilic attack on henooaldcbyde: r! 1
(ii)
'lTl"1'
.....
; "

;:'.,.

Nucleophilic addition f

(iii) (H20) cone HClfdilute HC1/dilure H2S0~, boiJ;'t,.,~.

-',.- ' ,.;;'tt'~~~,;t,:,.("~2. -s

(b) Add 2, 4 dinitt;phe~)11hydrazine: ," •• ~l,~",.

'I. lliy. ,,"Lr;-"" /Yellow ppt with benzaldehyde only; ~", !
.ii. 'j .~ J-- •

Add PCls; white fumes with Madelonitrile only:

:~(;(.i i
Add Fehling's solution (and heat);
Reddish brown ppt with benzaldehyde only;

Add Tollens reagent (and warm);

Silver mirror with benzaldehyde only:

(c) (i)

ror .......... ",COB

.>:
2

1t. ij
• ,

(ii)

rI' i .•
1
 r:
. "
.;_--._i!-

(d) Optical isomerism

HO
\,
~c~~
1\10~'-'
1 '-' 10'.·..
~)

H ll]

7 (a)
"
NH-)
I -
I
!

lC)
'-~QJl

Ethylamine
The ethyl group has an electron
L!~ 1J
releasing inductive effect /+1

.- , Ammonia
Hydrogens in ammonia are neither electron donating or withdrawing: ,.\\\ ll]

fhenylall1ine
The electrons on the nitrogcns deloC<1his s into the rng s:
//,.J!,."'y/ /;/'/~ .: <. ,', "'."!": ..',:,,,.,,

Ethanal'nide '
.s
,I
The electron withdrawing effect of the oxygen reduces the - ve
~~~~rge on the amilo nitrogen atom (hence ethanmride is
iHte basic/neutra¥jtone pair on ~~ r 1 -1
l' I
form part of a dtlocalised system of rr bonds

/ 'C _
\L 1\~ J
Sn + concHCl {renux1 Fe + con Hel
(b) (i) / "

(ii)

~-

f~'C'v~··1.c:. 'v',r_
 .

/
(iii) Temperatures 0 - lOoC/
Compounds must be kept in solution

(iv)

(v)

Coupling/electrophilic substitution r1 .!

~'rotHl . 1 ',,;:.';

8 (a) carboxy 1 groupj .'~...•

phenyl group "Ii

• - .' j /" / , i
(b) (i) chiral centre/asymmetric carbon alOEI / t: C, r',' ,'" ","'"

(ii)

CH~

~C\'H
lQJI C02H,
.
! {-C---I-{
H-C--H !
i

\ H,C:- (=--(=H.~
I-LC- C-- CE. , I '
" \)
H
H
, I.
i: !
(c) soluble; ,,' "", ,,' ,-, "" " ..~,~;,.-,,~-\>"<'
carboxyl group can hydrogen bond with water;

;; 1, !,
(d) (i)
 .

(ii) Na2C03 - colourless gas turning limewater milky/effervescence: [1]

I I
HC-C-CH,
3 \ • n3
uC-n-CP
\'3
:
H--C-H H-C-H

l
'1
Ii,
fll- " ry Il
H--C-C
rtl

\ ~O-CH,>CH<
CH ~ J

3
[~J'1
[Total: 121

-'