ĐỀ ÔN TẬP TIẾNG ANH SỐ 4

THI TỐT NGHIỆP TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other
three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. serves B. hopes C. likes D. writes
Question 2: A. substantial B. initiate C. particular D. attention
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the
position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. express B. effort C. employ D. reduce
Question 4: A. preference B. attraction C. advantage D. infinitive
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 5: Football is thought ____ in the world.
A. to have played the most popular sport B. to be the most popular sport
C. to play the most popular sport D. to have been the most popular sport
Question 6: The number of unemployed people ____ recently.
A. is increasing B. has increased C. have increased D. increase
Question 7: Many people will be out of ____ if the factory is closed.
A. career B. job C. profession D. work
Question 8: Neither Bill nor his brothers ____ willing to help their mother with the housework.
A. is B. was C. are D. has
Question 9: Do you know the person ____ next to you in the evening class?
A. whose sitting B. whom sits C. sitting D. who sit
Question 10: I can’t ____ of a word he is saying.
A. make sense B. grasp C. comprehend D. understand
Question 11: Tony Blair is believed ____ for Liverpool last week.
A. having left B. to have left C. to leave D. leaving
Question 12: In the US, the first stage of compulsory education ____ as elementary education.
A. to be generally known B. is generally known C. generally known D. is generally knowing
Question 13: ____ is increasing, which results from economic crisis.
A. Employment B. Unemployed C. Unemployment D. Employ
Question 14: It is vital to creat a good impression ____ your interview.
A. on B. with C. at D. for
Question 15: Geometry is a branch of mathematics ____ the properties of time, curves, shapes, and surfaces.
A. it is concerned with B. that concerned with C. concerned with D. its concerned are
Question 16: We sold more umbrellas during the wet spell this summer than during the ____ spell last year.
A. matching B. corresponding C. equaling D. relating
Question 17: Our neighbor’s party went on into the ____ hours of the morning.
A. early B. first C. new D. bright
Question 18: The sky began to darken as the wind ____.
A. set up B. put in C. got up D. turned on
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following
exchanges.
Question 19: Tim and Tom are discussing where their study group will meet.
- Tim: “Where is our study group going to meet next weekend?” - Tom: “____”
A. Studying in a group is a great fun. B. We are too busy on weekdays.
C. Why don’t you look at the atlas? D. The library would be best.
Question 20: I apologise to you for not keeping my promise. ~ ____
A. Well, that’s out of question. B. Your apology is accepted.
C. I am grateful for that. D. That was very sweet of you.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 21: Lisa rarely smiles because she’s shy about exposing her crooked teeth.
A. pulling B. hiding C. showing D. brushing
Question 22: Don’t tease her. She is fragile.
A. strong B. breakable C. angry D. pissed off
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 23: If it’s raining tomorrow, we’ll have to postpone the match till Sunday.
A. put off B. cancel C. play D. put away
Question 24: We should find ways to improve our products in terms of quality and packaging.
A. for considering aspects B. in spite of C. with a view to D. in regard to
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following questions.
Question 25: You ought to make up your mind now.
A. It is high time you made up your mind. B. Making up your mind is necessary.
C. You should have made up your mind. D. It is possible to make up your mind.
Question 26: “No, no, you really must stay a bit longer.” said the boys.
A. The boy denied my staying a bit longer. B. The boys refused to let me stay a bit longer.
C. The boy didn’t agree to let stay a bit longer. D. The boy insisted on my staying a bit longer.
Question 27: My uncle didn’t recognise me until I spoke.
A. My uncle recognised me not until I spoke. B. Only when my uncle recognised me did I speak.
C. Not until I spoke did my uncle recognise. D. When I spoke, my uncle didn’t recognise me.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of
the following questions.
Question 28: Body language is quiet and secret, but most powerful language of all.
A B C D
Question 29: Stayed strong, family members have to be engaged in each other’s life.
A B C D
Question 30: Once you can overcome your difficulty, the problem may well become a source of strengthen to your
A B C D
marriage and your faith.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of
sentences in the following questions.
Question 31: My father does a lot of exercise. He’s still very fat.
A. Despite the fact that doing a lot of exercise, my father is still very fat.
B. My father does a lot of exercise, so he’s very fat.
C. Even though my father does a lot of exercise, he’s very fat.
D. My father is very fat, but he does a lot of exercise.
Question 32: The old man is working in this factory. I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
A. The old man is working in this factory which I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
B. The old man whom I borrowed his bicycle yesterday is working in this factory.
C. The old man whose bicycle I borrowed yesterday is working in this factory.
D. The old man whom is working in this factory I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or
phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 33 to 37.
University researchers have taken samples from a preserved dodo specimen in an (33) _____ to uncover the extinct
bird’s family tree. They worked with the British Natural History Museum to collect and study genetic material from a
large number of specimens: a preserved dodo, the extinct solitaire bird, and 35 kinds of living pigeons and doves. Their
analysis (34) _____ the doo and the solitaire to be close relatives with the Nicobar pigeon, their nearest living relative.
The dodo lived in Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. It was a flightless bird, bigger than a turkey. By 1681, all dodos had
been (35) _____ by hungry sailors. The solitaire, which looked a bit like a dodo, had gone the same way by 1800. By
extracting short pieces of the dodo’s DNA and (36) _____ these with the DNA of living birds, the scientists were able
to deduce when the dodo evolved away from its relatives into a separate entity. The scientists can now (37) _____
assume that the dodo developed its distinctive appearance and features as a result of its geographical isolation. They
are now convinced that it separated from the solitaire about 25 million years ago, long before Mauritius became an
island.
Question 33: A. attempt B. intention C. order D. assistance
Question 34: A. advises B. involves C. shows D. recommends
Question 35: A. disappeared B. vanished C. killed D. extinct
Question 36: A. studying B. comparing C. researching D. combining
Question 37: A. surely B. hardly C. highly D. safely
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions from 38 to 42.
Body postures and movements are frequently indicators of self-confidence, energy, fatigue, or status. Cognitively,
gestures operate to clarify, contradict, or replace verbal messages. Gestures also serve an important function with
regard to regulating the flow of conversation. For example, if a student is talking about something in front of the class,
single nods of the head from the teacher will likely cause that student to continue and perhaps more elaborate. Postures
as well as gestures are used to indicate attitudes, status, affective moods, approval, deception, warmth, arid other
variables related to conversation interaction.
The saying “A picture is worth a thousand words” well describes the meaning of facial expressions. Facial
appearance – including wrinkles, muscle tone, skin coloration, and eye color-offers enduring cues that reveal
information about age, sex, race, ethnic origin, and status.
A less permanent second set of facial cues-including length of hair, hairstyle, cleanliness, and facial hair-relate to an
individual’s idea of beauty. A third group of facial markers are momentary expressions that signal that cause changes
in the forehead, eyebrows, eyelids, cheeks, nose, lips, and chin, such as raising the eyebrows, wrinkling the brow,
curling the lip.
Some facial expressions are readily visible, while others are fleeting. Both types can positively or negatively reinforce
the spoken words and convey cues concerning emotions and attitudes.
Question 38: Facial expressions ____.
A. cannot convey emotions B. cannot reinforce spoken words
C. can only express negative attitudes D. can be either visible or fleeting
Question 39: Gestures ____.
A. can do nothing with a conversation B. can clarify the meaning of verbal messages
C. may interrupt the flow of a conversation D. can end a conversation more quickly than usual
Question 40: According to the writer, “A picture is worth a thousand words” means .
A. a picture of a face is more valuable than a thousand words
B. a picture is more important than a thousand words
C. facial gestures can convey a lot of meanings
D. he has just bought a picture with a thousand words on it
Question 41: How many categories of facial expressions are mentioned?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
Question 42: A nod of the head from the teacher will likely ask his student to what he is saying.
A. go on B. give up C. put off D. throw away
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions from 43 to 50.
How is the news different from entertainment? Most people would answer that news is real but entertainment is fiction.
However, if we think more carefully about the news, it becomes clear that the news is not always real. The news does
not show us all the events of the day, but stories from a small number of chosen events. The creation of news stories is
subject to specific constraints, much like the creation of works of fiction. There are many constraints, but three of the
most important ones are: commercialism, story formulas, and sources. Newspapers, radio, and TV stations are
businesses, all of which are rivals for audiences and advertising revenue.
The amount of time that the average TV station spends on news broadcasts has grown steadily over the last fifty years
– largely because news is relatively cheap to produce, yet sells plenty of advertising. Some news broadcasts are
themselves becoming advertisements. For example, during one week in 1996 when the American CBS network was
airing a movie about the sinking of the Titanic, CBS news ran nine stories about that event (which had happened 84
years before). The ABC network is owned by Disney Studios, and frequently runs news stories about Mickey Mouse.
Furthermore, the profit motive drives news organizations to pay more attention to stories likely to generate a large
audience, and to shy away from stories that may be important but dull. This pressure to be entertaining has produced
shorter, simpler stories: more focus on celebrities than people of substance, more focus on gossip than on news, and
more focus on dramatic events than on nuanced issues.
As busy people under relentless pressure to produce, journalists cannot spend days agonizing over the best way to
present stories. Instead, they depend upon certain story formulas, which they can reuse again and again. One example
is known as the inverted pyramid. In this formula, the journalist puts the most important information at the beginning
of the story, than adds the next most important, and so on. The inverted pyramid originates from the age of the
telegraph, the idea being that if the line went dead halfway through the story, the journalist would know that the most
crucial information had at least been relayed. Modern journalists still value the formula for a similar reason. Their
editors will cut stories if they are too long. Another formula involves reducing a complicated story into a simple
conflict. The best example is “horse race” election coverage. Thorough explication of the issues and the candidates’
views is forbiddingly complex. Journalists therefore concentrate more on who is winning in the opinion polls, and
whether the underdog can catch up in the numbers than on politicians’ campaign goals.
Sources are another constraint on what journalists cover and how they cover it. The dominant sources for news are
public information officers in businesses and government offices. The majority of such officers try to establish
themselves as experts who are qualified to feed information to journalists. How do journalists know who is an expert?
In general, they don’t. They use sources not on the basis of actual expertise, but on the appearance of expertise and the
willingness to share it. All the major news organizations use some of the same sources (many of them anonymous), so
the same types of stories always receive attention. Over time, the journalists may even become close friends with their
sources, and they stop searching for alternative points of view. The result tends to be narrow, homogenized coverage of
the same kind.
Question 43: According to paragraph 3, an advantage of the inverted pyramid formula for journalists is that ____.
A. if the story is cut by director, only the less crucial information will be lost
B. it makes a story more likely to be cut by the director
C. it makes a story more likely to attract the attention of the audience
D. it makes a story simpler and easier to understand
Question 44: It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that the author of the passage thinks _____.
A. that watching or reading the news is extremely boring
B. that most news stories are false
C. that most people don’t realize how different news is from reality
D. that most people don’t pay enough attention to the news
Question 45: The word “relayed” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. chosen B. known C. gathered D. sent
Question 46: According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true?
A. One effect of commercialism is news stories with more complex content.
B. The ABC network owns Disney Studios.
C. Some news broadcasts are shown without advertisements.
D. More time is devoted to news on TV now than 50 years ago.
Question 47: Why does the author mention Mickey Mouse in paragraph 2?
A. To indicate that ABC shows entertaining news stories
B. To give an example of news stories that are also advertisements
C. To contrast ABC’s style with that of CBS
D. To give an example of news content that is not serious
Question 48: The word them in paragraph 4 refers to _____.
A. journalists B. organisations C. experts D. sources
Question 49: According to the passage, which of the following tends to lead to homogenized coverage?
A. Journalists’ use of experts as sources
B. Journalists’ becoming friends with their sources
C. Journalists’ search for alternative points of view
D. Journalists’ using government officials as sources
Question 50: Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentences “Thorough
explication of the issues ... than on politicians’ campaign goals. ” in the passage?
A. Journalists focus on poll numbers instead of campaign issues because it is easier.
B. Journalists are more interested in issues and candidates’ views, but viewers are more interested in who is winning.
C. During an election campaign, journalists mainly concentrate on “horse race” coverage.
D. Candidates’ views and how they are explained by journalists can have a big effect on poll numbers.
 ĐỀ ÔN TẬP TIẾNG ANH SỐ 4
THI TỐT NGHIỆP TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other
three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. serves B. hopes C. likes D. writes
Question 2: A. substantial B. initiate C. particular D. attention
/səbˈstæn.ʃəl/ quan
trọng
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the
position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. ex`press B.. `effort C. employ D. reduce
Question 4: A.. `preference B. at`traction C. ad`vantage D. in`finitive
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 5: Football is thought ____ in the world.
A. to have played the most popular sport B.. to be the most popular sport
C. to play the most popular sport D. to have been the most popular sport
Question 6: The number of unemployed people ____ recently.
A. is increasing B. has increased C. have increased D. increase
Question 7: Many people will be out of ____ if the factory is closed.
A. career B. job C. profession D.. work
out of work: thất nghiệp
Question 8: Neither Bill nor his brothers ____ willing to help their mother with the housework.
A. is B. was C.. are D. has
Question 9: Do you know the person ____ next to you in the evening class?
A. whose sitting B. whom sits C.. sitting D. who sit
Question 10: I can’t ____ of a word he is saying.
A.. make sense B. grasp C. comprehend D. understand
make sense of: hiểu
Question 11: Tony Blair is believed ____ for Liverpool last week.
A. having left B.. to have left C. to leave D. leaving
Question 12: In the US, the first stage of compulsory education ____ as elementary education.
A. to be generally known B.. is generally known C. generally known D. is generally knowing
Question 13: ____ is increasing, which results from economic crisis.
A. Employment B. Unemployed C. Unemployment D. Employ
Question 14: It is vital to creat a good impression ____ your interview.
A. on B. with C. at D. for
Question 15: Geometry is a branch of mathematics ____ the properties of time, curves, shapes, and surfaces.
A. it is concerned with B. that concerned with C.. concerned with D. its concerned are
Question 16: We sold more umbrellas during the wet spell this summer than during the ____ spell last year.
A. matching B.. corresponding C. equaling D. relating
tương ứng
Question 17: Our neighbor’s party went on into the ____ hours of the morning.
A.. early B. first C. new D. bright
Question 18: The sky began to darken as the wind ____.
A. set up B. put in C.. got up D. turned on
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following
exchanges.
Question 19: Tim and Tom are discussing where their study group will meet.
- Tim: “Where is our study group going to meet next weekend?” - Tom: “____”
A. Studying in a group is a great fun. B. We are too busy on weekdays.
C. Why don’t you look at the atlas? D.. The library would be best.
Question 20: I apologise to you for not keeping my promise. ~ ____
A. Well, that’s out of question. B.. Your apology is accepted.
C. I am grateful for that. D. That was very sweet of you.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 21: Lisa rarely smiles because she’s shy about exposing her crooked teeth.
A. pulling B. hiding C. showing D. brushing
Question 22: Don’t tease her. She is fragile.
A.. strong B. breakable C. angry D. pissed off
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 23: If it’s raining tomorrow, we’ll have to postpone the match till Sunday.
A.. put off B. cancel C. play D. put away
Question 24: We should find ways to improve our products in terms of quality and packaging.
A.. for considering aspects B. in spite of C. with a view to D. in regard to
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following questions.
Question 25: You ought to make up your mind now.
A. It is high time you made up your mind. B. Making up your mind is necessary.
C. You should have made up your mind. D. It is possible to make up your mind.
Question 26: “No, no, you really must stay a bit longer.” said the boys.
A. The boy denied my staying a bit longer. B. The boys refused to let me stay a bit longer.
C. The boy didn’t agree to let stay a bit longer. D. The boy insisted on my staying a bit longer.
Question 27: My uncle didn’t recognise me until I spoke.
A. My uncle recognised me not until I spoke. B. Only when my uncle recognised me did I speak.
C. Not until I spoke did my uncle recognise. D. When I spoke, my uncle didn’t recognise me.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of
the following questions.
Question 28: Body language is quiet and secret, but most powerful language of all.
A B C the most D
Question 29: Stayed strong, family members have to be engaged in each other’s life.
A B C D
Stay
Question 30: Once you can overcome your difficulty, the problem may well become a source of strengthen to your
A B C D strenghth
marriage and your faith.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of
sentences in the following questions.
Question 31: My father does a lot of exercise. He’s still very fat.
A. Despite the fact that doing a lot of exercise, my father is still very fat.
B. My father does a lot of exercise, so he’s very fat.
C.. Even though my father does a lot of exercise, he’s very fat.
D. My father is very fat, but he does a lot of exercise.
Question 32: The old man is working in this factory. I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
A. The old man is working in this factory which I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
B. The old man whom I borrowed his bicycle yesterday is working in this factory.
C.. The old man whose bicycle I borrowed yesterday is working in this factory.
D. The old man whom is working in this factory I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or
phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 33 to 37.
University researchers have taken samples from a preserved dodo specimen mẫu vật in an (33) _____ to uncover the
extinct bird’s family tree. They worked with the British Natural History Museum to collect and study genetic material
from a large number of specimens: a preserved dodo, the extinct solitaire bird, and 35 kinds of living pigeons cu gáy
and doves bồ câu. Their analysis (34) _____ the doo and the solitaire to be close relatives with the Nicobar pigeon,
their nearest living relative. The dodo lived in Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. It was a flightless bird, bigger than a
turkey. By 1681, all dodos had been (35) _____ by hungry sailors. The solitaire, which looked a bit like a dodo, had
gone the same way by 1800. By extracting short pieces of the dodo’s DNA and (36) _____ these with the DNA of
living birds, the scientists were able to deduce giảm when the dodo evolved tiến hóa away from its relatives into a
separate entity thực thể. The scientists can now (37) _____ assume that the dodo developed its distinctive appearance
and features as a result of its geographical isolation. They are now convinced that it separated from the solitaire about
25 million years ago, long before Mauritius became an island.
Question 33: A.. attempt B. intention C. order D. assistance
Question 34: A. advises B. involves C.. show D. recommends
Question 35: A. disappeared B. vanished C.. killed D. extinct
Question 36: A. studying B.. comparing C. researching D. combining
Question 37: A.. surely B. hardly C. highly D. safely
in an attempt: trong sự cố gắng;
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions from 38 to 42.
Body postures and movements are frequently indicators of self-confidence, energy, fatigue, or status. Cognitively,
gestures 39operate to clarify, contradict, or replace verbal messages. Gestures also serve an important function with
regard to regulating the flow of conversation. 42For example, if a student is talking about something in front of the
class, single nods of the head from the teacher will likely cause that student to continue and perhaps more elaborate.
Postures as well as gestures are used to indicate attitudes, status, affective moods, approval, deception, warmth, arid
other variables related to conversation interaction.
The saying “A picture is worth a thousand words” well describes the meaning of facial expressions. Facial
appearance – including wrinkles, muscle tone, skin coloration, and eye color-offers enduring cues that reveal
information about age, sex, race, ethnic origin, and status.
A less permanent second set of facial cues-including length of hair, hairstyle, cleanliness, and facial hair-relate to an
individual’s idea of beauty. 41A third group of facial markers are momentary expressions that signal that cause
changes in the forehead, eyebrows, eyelids, cheeks, nose, lips, and chin, such as raising the eyebrows, wrinkling the
brow, curling the lip.
Các tư thế và chuyển động của cơ thể thường là các chỉ báo về sự tự tin, năng lượng, sự mệt mỏi hoặc địa vị. Về mặt
nhận thức, các cử chỉ39 hoạt động để làm rõ, mâu thuẫn hoặc thay thế các thông điệp bằng lời nói. Cử chỉ cũng phục
vụ một chức năng quan trọng liên quan đến việc điều chỉnh luồng hội thoại. 42Ví dụ, nếu một học sinh đang nói về
điều gì đó trước lớp, chỉ một cái gật đầu của giáo viên cũng có thể khiến học sinh đó tiếp tục và có lẽ sẽ trau chuốt
hơn. Tư thế cũng như cử chỉ được sử dụng để biểu thị thái độ, trạng thái, tâm trạng tình cảm, sự tán thành, lừa dối, ấm
áp, khô khan và các biến số khác liên quan đến tương tác hội thoại.
Câu nói “Một bức tranh đáng giá ngàn lời nói” mô tả rất rõ ý nghĩa của nét mặt. Diện mạo khuôn mặt – bao gồm các
nếp nhăn, màu cơ, màu da và màu mắt – cung cấp các tín hiệu lâu dài tiết lộ thông tin về tuổi tác, giới tính, chủng tộc,
nguồn gốc dân tộc và địa vị.
Một tập hợp các dấu hiệu trên khuôn mặt thứ hai ít lâu dài hơn - bao gồm độ dài của tóc, kiểu tóc, sự sạch sẽ và râu
trên khuôn mặt - liên quan đến quan niệm về vẻ đẹp của một cá nhân. 41 Nhóm dấu hiệu thứ ba trên khuôn mặt là
những biểu hiện nhất thời báo hiệu gây ra những thay đổi ở trán, lông mày, mí mắt, má, mũi, môi và cằm, chẳng hạn
như nhướng mày, nhăn mày, cong môi.
38Some facial expressions are readily visible, while others are fleeting. Both types can positively or negatively
reinforce the spoken words and convey cues concerning emotions and attitudes.
Question 38: Facial expressions ____.
A. cannot convey emotions B. cannot reinforce spoken words
C. can only express negative attitudes D.. can be either visible or fleeting
Question 39: Gestures ____.
A. can do nothing with a conversation B.. can clarify the meaning of verbal messages
C. may interrupt the flow of a conversation D. can end a conversation more quickly than usual
Question 40: According to the writer, “A picture is worth a thousand words” means .
A. a picture of a face is more valuable than a thousand words
B. a picture is more important than a thousand words
C.. facial gestures can convey a lot of meanings
D. he has just bought a picture with a thousand words on it
Question 41: How many categories of facial expressions are mentioned?
A. 2 B.. 3 C. 4 D. 5
Question 42: A nod of the head from the teacher will likely ask his student to what he is saying.
A.. go on B. give up C. put off D. throw away
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions from 43 to 50.
44How is the news different from entertainment? Most people would answer that news is real but entertainment is
fiction. However, if we think more carefully about the news, it becomes clear that the news is not always real. 44 The
news does not show us all the events of the day, but stories from a small number of chosen events. The creation of
news stories is subject to specific constraints, much like the creation of works of fiction. There are many constraints,
but three of the most important ones are: commercialism, story formulas, and sources. Newspapers, radio, and TV
stations are businesses, all of which are rivals for audiences and advertising revenue.
46The amount of time that the average TV station spends on news broadcasts has grown steadily over the last fifty
years – largely because news is relatively cheap to produce, yet sells plenty of advertising. (Lượng thời gian mà một
đài truyền hình trung bình dành cho các chương trình phát sóng tin tức đã tăng đều đặn trong 50 năm qua – phần lớn
là do sản xuất tin tức tương đối rẻ nhưng lại bán được nhiều quảng cáo.) 47Some news broadcasts are themselves
becoming advertisements. For example, during one week in 1996 when the American CBS network was airing a movie
about the sinking of the Titanic, CBS news ran nine stories about that event (which had happened 84 years before). The
ABC network is owned by Disney Studios, and frequently runs news stories about Mickey Mouse. Furthermore, the
profit motive drives news organizations to pay more attention to stories likely to generate a large audience, and to shy
away from stories that may be important but dull. This pressure to be entertaining has produced shorter, simpler stories:
more focus on celebrities than people of substance, more focus on gossip than on news, and more focus on dramatic
events than on nuanced issues.
As busy people under relentless pressure to produce, journalists cannot spend days agonizing over the best way to
present stories. 43Instead, they depend upon certain story formulas, which they can reuse again and again. One
example is known as the inverted pyramid. In this formula, the journalist puts the most important information at the
beginning of the story, than adds the next most important, and so on. (Thay vào đó, chúng phụ thuộc vào các công thức
câu chuyện nhất định mà chúng có thể sử dụng lại nhiều lần. Một ví dụ được gọi là kim tự tháp ngược. Trong công
thức này, nhà báo đưa thông tin quan trọng nhất vào đầu câu chuyện, sau đó thêm thông tin quan trọng nhất tiếp
theo)The inverted pyramid originates from the age of the telegraph, the idea being that if the line went dead halfway
through the story, the journalist would know that the most crucial information had at least been relayed. Modern
journalists still value the formula for a similar reason. Their editors will cut stories if they are too long. Another
formula involves reducing a complicated story into a simple conflict. The best example is “horse race” election
coverage. Thorough explication of the issues and the candidates’ views is forbiddingly complex. Journalists therefore
concentrate more on who is winning in the opinion polls, and whether the underdog can catch up in the numbers than
on politicians’ campaign goals. (Sự giải thích triệt để các vấn đề và quan điểm của ứng cử viên là rất phức tạp. Các
nhà báo vì thế tập trung nhiều hơn vào ai là người giành chiến thắng trong các cuộc thăm dò ý kiến, và liệu người lười
biếng có thể theo kịp các con số hơn là về các mục tiêu chiến dịch của các chính trị gia.)
Sources are another constraint (hạn chế) on what journalists cover and how they cover it. The dominant sources for
news are public information officers in businesses and government offices. The majority of such officers try to
establish themselves as experts who are qualified to feed information to journalists. How do journalists know who is an
expert? In general, they don’t. They use sources not on the basis of actual expertise, but on the appearance of expertise
and the willingness to share it. All the major news organizations use some of the same sources (many
of them anonymous), so the same types of stories always receive attention. 49Over time, the journalists may even
become close friends with their sources, and they stop searching for alternative points of view. The result tends to be
narrow, homogenized coverage of the same kind.
Question 43: According to paragraph 3, an advantage of the inverted pyramid formula for journalists is that ____.
A. if the story is cut by editor, only the less crucial quan trọng information will be lost
B. it makes a story more likely to be cut by the director.
C. it makes a story more likely to attract the attention of the audience.
D. it makes a story simpler and easier to understand.
Question 44: It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that the author of the passage thinks _____.
A. that watching or reading the news is extremely boring
B. that most news stories are false
C.. that most people don’t realize how different news is from reality
D. that most people don’t pay enough attention to the news
Question 45: The word relayed in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. chosen B. known C. gathered D.. sent
Question 46: According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true?
A. One effect of commercialism is news stories with more complex content. Một ảnh hưởng của chủ nghĩa thương mại
là những câu chuyện tin tức có nội dung phức tạp hơn
B. The ABC network owns Disney Studios.
C. Some news broadcasts are shown without advertisements.
D. More time is devoted to news on TV now than 50 years ago.
Question 47: Why does the author mention Mickey Mouse in paragraph 2?
A. To indicate that ABC shows entertaining news stories
B.. To give an example of news stories that are also advertisements
C. To contrast ABC’s style with that of CBS.
D. To give an example of news content that is not serious
Question 48: The word “them” in paragraph 4 refers to _____.
A. journalists B. organisations C. experts D. sources
Question 49: According to the passage, which of the following tends to lead to homogenized coverage?
A. Journalists’ use of experts as sources
B.. Journalists’ becoming friends with their sources
C. Journalists’ search for alternative points of view
D. Journalists’ using government officials as sources
Question 50: Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentences “Thorough
explication of the issues …. than on politicians’ campaign goals. ” in the passage?
Câu nào sau đây thể hiện tốt nhất thông tin cần thiết trong các câu được đánh dấu “Giải quyết triệt để các vấn đề ….
hơn là về các mục tiêu chiến dịch của các chính trị gia” trong đoạn văn?
A.. Journalists focus on poll numbers instead of campaign issues because it is easier.
B. Journalists are more interested in issues and candidates’ views, but viewers are more interested in who is winning.
C. During an election campaign, journalists mainly concentrate on “horse race” coverage.
D. Candidates’ views and how they are explained by journalists can have a big effect on poll numbers.
A. Các nhà báo tập trung vào các số liệu thăm dò thay vì các vấn đề chiến dịch bởi vì nó dễ dàng hơn.
B. Các nhà báo quan tâm nhiều hơn đến các vấn đề và quan điểm của ứng cử viên, nhưng người xem quan tâm nhiều
hơn đến ai là người chiến thắng.
C. Trong chiến dịch bầu cử, các nhà báo tập trung chủ yếu vào phạm vi “đua ngựa”.
D. Quan điểm của ứng cử viên và cách giải thích của nhà báo có thể có ảnh hưởng lớn đến số liệu thăm dò.