SOAL UTBK BARU PAKET 1

Choose the correct answer!

1. Earthquake is any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves
through Earth’s rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in
Earth’s crust is suddenly released, usually when masses of rock straining against one another
suddenly fracture and “slip.” Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow
zones where rock masses move in relation to one another. The major fault lines of the world
are located at the fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make up Earth’s crust.

Little was understood about earthquakes until the emergence of seismology at the beginning
of the 20th century. Seismology, which involves the scientific study of all aspects of
earthquakes, has yielded answers to such long-standing questions as why and how
earthquakes occur. About 50,000 earthquakes large enough to be noticed without the aid of
instruments occur annually over the entire Earth. Of these, approximately 100 are of sufficient
size to produce substantial damage if their centers are near areas of habitation. Very great
earthquakes occur on average about once per year. Over the centuries they have been
responsible for millions of deaths and an incalculable amount of damage to property.

What is the author’s attitude towards the topic of the passage?

A. Concerned
B. Critical
C. Informative
D. Satisfied
E. Optimistic

2. Feline chlamydial conjunctivitis is an infection caused by a bacterial organism (called

Chlamydophila felis). The most common signs of chlamydia in cats involve the eyes or the
upper respiratory tract (nose or throat), and only when infection is not treated does it spread
to the lungs. Because chlamydia lives inside cells of the body and is not able to survive for
long in the environment, spread of infection relies on direct or close contact with an infected
cat. Following infection, the incubation period (the time between infection and development
of clinical signs of disease) is between three and ten days.

The bacteria primarily infects the conjunctiva, which are the delicate membranes lining the
eyelids and covering the edges of the eyeballs. The infection causes inflammation known
as conjunctivitis. In normal cats, the conjunctiva is not readily visible and has a pale, salmon
pink color. In cats with conjunctivitis, the conjunctiva becomes swollen and red, making it
more visible. The nictitating membrane or third eyelid in the inner corner of the eye may
protrude partially across the eye. One or both eyes may be involved.

Affected cats initially develop a watery discharge from the eyes that quickly becomes thicker
and is usually a yellow or greenish color. The eyes are uncomfortable and cats often keep the
affected eye(s) closed. Many cats remain bright and otherwise appear normal, but some may
develop a fever or lose their appetite. After one or two days, sniffles and sneezing may also
occur. In kittens, the infection may spread to the lungs and cause fatal pneumonia.

What does the text mainly deal with?

A. The process of chlamydia affliction in cats
B. An overview of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis
C. Clinical signs of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis
D. The symptoms of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis
E. Treatments for cats with chlamydia conjunctivitis
Read the following paragraphs to answer questions number 3-5
TEXT 1
In 2010, researchers estimated that 8 billion kg of plastic entered the ocean in a single
year, and that number would sharply increase by 2025. When it enters the ocean, plastic waste
disrupts marine ecosystems, travels to central locations, and forms a trash island which can cover
an area of more than 1.6 million square km. These plastics never degrade, but rather break up
into smaller sizes. They eventually become micro plastics that stay in the environment for
hundreds of years.
Scientists at the University of California San Diego have invented a new biodegradable
material that is designed to replace the commonly used plastics. The material started to
biodegrade in seawater within four weeks. The team found that various marine organisms
colonize the material and break it into nutrients for their consumption.
The research of this new plastic is joined by experts in biology, chemistry, and marine
science. They have shown that it is possible to make durable plastics that also can degrade in the
ocean. Plastics should not be going into the ocean in the first place. But now, if they do, this new
plastic can become food for microorganisms and not harmful trash.

TEXT 2
Plastic is everywhere and important to the growth of many industries, such as packaging,
building, and automotive. About 83.5% of consumer products rely on plastic in some ways. Food
without plastic packaging would spoil long before it reaches consumers’ fridges. PVC pipes made
of plastic are an essential building part that reduce leakage and corrosion to conserve water and
energy. Plastics make cars dramatically lighter, which increases fuel efficiency.
Researchers have been working to improve the plastic recycling process since it was
realized that plastic was harming the environment. Recycling plastic not only helps the
environment and reduces trash, but it also creates more jobs. The recycling sector generates up
to 30 times more jobs than the common disposal sector. In fact, Tellus Institute reports that over
1.5 million new jobs would be created if the national recycling rate could be increased to 75%.
Modern recycling techniques can transform plastic into more useful products. Some
experts have seen the opportunity to make jet fuel from plastic. However, even a simple recycling
strategy has commercial benefits. Over 3 million plastic bottles have already been converted into
pillow fillers by IHG Hotels & Resorts. Customers are happy to sleep well and use a product that
benefits the environment, according to IHG. And it is all thanks to plastic.

3. Which of the following statements is an opinion from Text 1?

A. These plastics never degrade, but rather break up into smaller sizes.
B. Recycling plastic not only helps the environment and reduces trash, but it also creates
more jobs.
C. Plastics should not be going into the ocean in the first place.
D. They eventually become micro plastics that stay in the environment for hundreds of years.
E. Customers are happy to sleep well and use a product that benefits the environment.

4. What is the relationship between Texts 1 and 2?

A. Text 1 discusses the biodegradable material used in many useful products explained in
Text 2.
B. Text 1 explains how biodegradable material can help improve the plastic recycling
process discussed in Text 2.
C. Both texts explain what scientists have done to provide plastics which do not harm the
environment.
D. Text 2 explains how new plastic material mentioned in Text 1 is recycled to create more
jobs.
E. Text 2 discusses the plastic recycling process that has been improved by the research
findings explained in Text 1.
5. Based on information from the two texts, which of the following will most likely happen in the
future?
A. Plastic waste in the ocean is unavoidable.
B. It is impossible to preserve customer food without biodegradable plastics.
C. Disposing plastic waste into seawater will create more job opportunities.
D. Marine organisms can be used to recycle plastics into pillows.
E. There is no need to completely ban plastic usage from this world.

6. Earthquake is any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves
through Earth’s rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in Earth’s
crust is suddenly released, usually when masses of rock straining against one another suddenly
fracture and “slip.” Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock
masses move in relation to one another. The major fault lines of the world are located at the
fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make up Earth’s crust.

Little was understood about earthquakes until the emergence of seismology at the beginning of
the 20th century. Seismology, which involves the scientific study of all aspects of earthquakes,
has yielded answers to such long-standing questions as why and how earthquakes occur. About
50,000 earthquakes large enough to be noticed without the aid of instruments occur annually
over the entire Earth. Of these, approximately 100 are of sufficient size to produce substantial
damage if their centers are near areas of habitation. Very great earthquakes occur on average
about once per year. Over the centuries they have been responsible for millions of deaths and an
incalculable amount of damage to property.

The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses...

A. Suggestions to emerge the seismology to detect the earthquake

B. Examples of the substantial damage that caused by the earthquake
C. The development of seismology to identify the earthquake earlier
D. Factors that cause the earthquake and seismic wave
E. The reason why we need the seismology

7. Supply chain weaknesses were brought to the forefront during the COVID-19 pandemic,
especially for industries relying on electronics, as the flow of raw materials slowed or
sometimes stopped. On top of that, shifting consumer values and tougher environmental
regulations have resulted in more people buying hybrid vehicles. The batteries in these cars
require rare metals that, depending on their supplies, can have volatile and unpredictable
prices. However, there are other scarce elements and materials that may be used in smaller
amounts in hybrid models versus conventional gas vehicles, raising the question of how these
vehicles really compare with regard to supply chain vulnerabilities. Randolph Kirchain and
colleagues wanted to develop a comprehensive comparison of the elements and compounds
that go into all the parts in gas-powered, self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid cars,
calculating each of the three vehicles' materials cost vulnerability.

The researchers collected information on the compounds in the more than 350,000 parts used
to build seven vehicles from the same manufacturer with different levels of electrification,
including four sedans and three sport utility vehicles (SUVs). Then, they calculated the amount
of the 76 chemical elements present, as well as a few other materials, in each car type. To
develop a monetary metric for vulnerability, the team considered the weight of each
component, along with its average price and price volatility between 1998 and 2015. The
results showed that self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles have twice the raw
material cost risks. The largest contributors to the increase in cost risks were battery-related
elements, such as cobalt, nickel, graphite and neodymium. The researchers say that as
manufacturers ramp up electric vehicle production to meet demand, reducing raw material
cost risks with long-term supplier contracts, substituting some materials or recycling others
will be a good idea.
According to the passage, due to the raw components, the buyers will find a hybrid vehicle...

A. Pricey
B. Exorbitant
C. Invaluable
D. Overpriced
E. Economical

Read the following paragraphs to answer questions number 8-10

TEXT 2

You’ve been working and saving for decades for just this moment: retirement. Even though you
may be ready to stop working full-time, now comes the hard part: letting yourself use your
savings, since you no longer will be bringing in that paycheck, which until now has covered your
monthly expenses. Making the psychological shift from saver to spender is no small effort for
most people.

“Now you have this lump sum and have to draw it down. For some it’s almost physically painful,”
said David John, a senior strategic policy advisor. Unpredictable factors like market performance,
life expectancy and health issues make spending your money easier said than done. That’s why
people may be hesitant to tap their savings because they think, “I have X dollars and it has to
last me my whole life, but I have a very uncertain future. So, if I touch that I’m putting myself at
risk.”

Research shows that among retirees with savings, many do not draw down very much, choosing
instead to live off fixed sources of funds, such as Social Security or pensions or income from part-
time work they take up. A study found that the vast majority of retirees in America still have at
least 80% of their savings after two decades in retirement. No doubt this is partly because they
are among the last generation of workers to benefit from corporate pensions.

The psychological reluctance to tap one’s savings is a factor for most people regardless of their
financial condition. It may become more acute for soon-to-be retirees as they face inflation,
unstable markets and a lack of pensions, John said. They’re trying to figure out who they are now
that their primary career is over and figuring out what they can and can’t do financially

TEXT 2

It’s hard to manage your money well in retirement unless you’re realistic about what you have.
The first thing to do is to make a budget and sketch out a plan to cover your expenses.

Before retiring, keep track of your spending and regular expenses, like housing, food, health care,
etc. Then assess how those expenses might change in retirement (e.g., if you plan to move to a
less expensive home or area; and if your insurance costs will be subsidized by your old employer).

You should also consider paying for a child’s wedding, buying a car, or taking a major vacation.
Then assess what fixed income you will have come in (e.g., Social Security or pension payments).
The difference between your expected spending and your fixed income is the amount you will
need to draw from your savings.

It would also help to consult with a professional. A financial advisor can help you strategize how
to manage and use your money in the years ahead. The one common feeling is that people say
they are overwhelmed with all the choices they need to make to live off their savings in retirement.
With the different types of accounts many have, the potential for penalties and higher taxes if
withdrawals are taken incorrectly and sorting out how their investments may need to shift for
retirement income, it can be a lot for a new retiree to get their head around.
8. What is the main idea of Text 1?
A. Life uncertainty is happening among newly retired people in America.
B. There are some reasons why retirees use their savings.
C. The retirees’ financial condition affects how much they are willing to spend their savings.
D. Most retirees in America do not use their savings a lot in retirement.
E. How the newly retired people spend their savings is quite similar.

9. Which of the following best restates the second sentence in Paragraph 1 in Text 2?
A. Covering all costs is the first thing to plan in relation to budget expenses.
B. Preparing a budget and drafting a plan of your costs is the first thing you should carry out.
C. Planning and calculating the budget expenses is the first thing to be carried out.
D. Drafting your plan that includes your costs should be done first to prepare a good budget.
E. Budgeting and planning should be prepared first to be able to pay your costs.

10. The purpose of Text 2 is to .

A. provide advice for newly retired people on how to manage their money in retirement.
B. explain the process of managing your expenses during retirement
C. explain how to get a professional financial advisor to manage your savings after you retire
D. discuss what newly retired people should do to monitor their expenses
E. argue which investment is the best for retirement income.

TikTok is often applauded for its recommendation system; once it’s finely tuned, the app becomes
one of the best scrolling experiences. My personal theory is that’s why TikTok is so addicting—
everything is so perfectly curated to your specific interests, it’s hard to put the phone down once
you’re sucked in. However, TikTok’s recommendation algorithm still has its own flaws that the
company brings up in its new blog post.

“One of the inherent challenges with recommendation engines is that they can inadvertently
limit user experience–what is sometimes referred to as a ‘filter bubble’,” the post reads. It
states that by optimizing for personalization and relevance, there is a risk of presenting an
increasingly homogenous stream of videos.

Another issue that TikTok takes seriously is not surfacing dangerous content. This is an issue that
YouTube in particular has faced criticism over for many years. According to TikTok, content that
has graphic material like medical procedures or “legal consumption of regulated goods,” like
alcohol, may not be eligible for recommendation because it could come across as “shocking if
surfaced as a recommended video to a general audience”. That’s why many creators on TikTok
will upload a video more than once or talk openly about feeling shadow banned over particular
content.

11. The writer of the passage intends to ...

A. Illustrate TikTok users' concerns about the app's recommendation system

B. Oppose the idea that TikTok has a sophisticated recommendation system
C. Warn the readers about TikTok’s poor recommendation system
D. Inform about the downsides of TikTok's recommendation system
E. Explain how TikTok resolves the recommendation system issue

Supply chain weaknesses were brought to the forefront during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially
for industries relying on electronics, as the flow of raw materials slowed or sometimes stopped.
On top of that, shifting consumer values and tougher environmental regulations have resulted in
more people buying hybrid vehicles. The batteries in these cars require rare metals that,
depending on their supplies, can have volatile and unpredictable prices. However, there are other
scarce elements and materials that may be used in smaller amounts in hybrid models versus
conventional gas vehicles, raising the question of how these vehicles really compare with regard
to supply chain vulnerabilities. Randolph Kirchain and colleagues wanted to develop a
comprehensive comparison of the elements and compounds that go into all the parts in gas-
powered, self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid cars, calculating each of the three vehicles'
materials cost vulnerability.
The researchers collected information on the compounds in the more than 350,000 parts used to
build seven vehicles from the same manufacturer with different levels of electrification, including
four sedans and three sport utility vehicles (SUVs). Then, they calculated the amount of the 76
chemical elements present, as well as a few other materials, in each car type. To develop a
monetary metric for vulnerability, the team considered the weight of each component, along with
its average price and price volatility between 1998 and 2015. The results showed that self-
charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles have twice the raw material cost risks. The largest
contributors to the increase in cost risks were battery-related elements, such as cobalt, nickel,
graphite and neodymium. The researchers say that as manufacturers ramp up electric vehicle
production to meet demand, reducing raw material cost risks with long-term supplier contracts,
substituting some materials or recycling others will be a good idea.

12. Which of the following best restates the underlined sentence in the first paragraph?

A. Stricter environmental laws and changing consumer behavior have impacted how people
buy hybrid vehicles.
B. Changing consumption patterns and stricter environmental laws have deceived hybrid
vehicle
C. Hybrid vehicle users have been disappointed by environmental rules and eco-friendly
vehicle trend.
D. Stricter environmental rules and changing market trends have urged people to use hybrid
vehicles.
E. Consumer values and tougher environmental rules reduce the purchase of hybrid
vehicles.

Read the following paragraph to answer question number 13-15

In the US, consumers spend around $700 million a year keeping their fabrics soft. In the UK
people spend £200 million a year on fabric softener. A giant manufacturer even claims a massive
50 percent share of the market. Despite the popularity, fabric softeners can be harmful to both
the people who use them and the marine life that ends up swimming in them.

Fabric softening surfactants can be derived from animals, plants or minerals, as in the case of
newer, silicone-based formulations. There is little difference between the chemicals used in fabric
softeners and those used in hair conditioners. Whatever they are based on, all fabric softeners
work in pretty much the same way, by depositing these surfactants onto the fabric to make it feel
softer, reduce static cling, and impart a fresh fragrance.

Special fixatives in the mix of both standard and luxury conditioners mean that the fragrance can
last for days, permeating wardrobes and drawers. The regular off-gassing of perfume chemicals
from fabric softeners can be a significant trigger for asthma and other breathing problems. In the
US, chemically sensitive individuals complain that, even after several washes, they cannot get the
smell of fabric softeners out of their washing machines and dryers.

If you are a fabric softener addict, there are now a number of companies that provide alternative
and ‘green’ fabric softeners. However, essentially, these are unnecessary products that can trigger
health problems and can interfere with the functional aspect of some textiles. For instance, when
used on towels and nappies, some fabric softeners can reduce absorbency, which is why it’s
generally recommended that reusable nappies aren’t washed with them. Once they are washed
down the drain they can become highly toxic to aquatic life. Given this, maybe it’s worth asking
yourself whether the time has come to break the fabric softener habit completely.

13. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. The downside of fabric softener usage
B. The popularity of fabric softener in the US
C. Harmful compounds found in fabric softener
D. Controlling the habit of using fabric softener
E. Environmental issues caused by fabric softener
14. The word permeating in the third paragraph is similar in meaning with ….
A. Filling
B. Soaking
C. Charging
D. Attaining
E. Absorbing

15. Based on the passage, it can be hypothesized that …

A. 'Green' softeners are developed in response to the needs of fabric softener addicts.
B. Manufactures will shift to producing 'green' fabric softener products.
C. A small amount of fabric softener chemicals in the water will not harm aquatic life.
D. The absorbency in some textiles will be reduced if they are washed with fabric softeners.
E. People with breathing problems will feel safer using fabric softener if it contains fewer
perfume chemicals.

Read the following paragraph to answer question number 16-18

Loneliness and social isolation in older adults are serious public health risks affecting a
significant number of people in the United States and putting them at risk for dementia and other
serious medical conditions. A report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and
Medicine (NASEM) points out that more than one-third of adults aged 45 and older feel lonely,
and nearly one-fourth of adults aged 65 and older are considered to be socially isolated. Older
adults are at increased risk for loneliness and social isolation because they are more likely to face
factors such as living alone, the loss of family or friends, chronic illness, and hearing loss. Although
it’s hard to measure social isolation and loneliness precisely, there is strong evidence that many
adults aged 50 and older are socially isolated or lonely in ways that put their health at risk. Recent
studies found that social isolation significantly increased a person’s risk of premature death from
all causes, a risk that may rival those of smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity. Poor social
relationships (characterized by social isolation or loneliness) was also associated with a 29%
increased risk of heart disease. Loneliness among heart failure patients was associated with a
nearly 4 times increased risk of death, 68% increased risk of hospitalization, and 57% increased
risk of emergency department visits.

16. The writer's intention in writing the passage is to...

A. Disseminate the information about the impacts loneliness and social isolation in the
elderly
B. Encourage people to be more concerned about the elderly who are lonely and socially
isolated
C. Prove that the elderly experiencing loneliness and social isolation actually exist in the
United States
D. Convey the pain and sadness experienced by lonely and socially isolated elderly
based on research
E. Tell about the loneliness and unhappiness felt by the elderly who are socially isolated,
as well as research findings

17. To whom is the text likely addressed?

A. Families staying with elderly
B. People living around elderly
C. Pensioners who have just left their jobs
D. Senior citizens living alone in the suburbs
E. Employers having old workers in their companies

18. From the last paragraph, we can infer that …

A. Those who experience loneliness may develop heart disease.
B. Feeling lonely aggravates the heart condition of the elderly.
C. Heart disease is the worst ailment that a lonely older person will suffer from.
D. The older people get, the more lonely they will feel.
E. Loneliness and social isolation that people experience makes them unable to survive.
Read the following paragraph to answer quetion number 19-20

The United Nations predicts Earth will have to feed another 2.3 billion people by 2050, mostly
concentrated in urban centers far from farmland. Conventional agriculture may not be able to
meet that demand, but luckily NASA has been working for decades to tackle food production both
on Earth and in space. Feeding astronauts during long-term space exploration means stretching
resources to grow plants in space—including minimizing water use and energy consumption and
eliminating soil. NASA initially pioneered these techniques on the ground by building the country’s
first vertical farm. Inside a decommissioned hypobaric chamber left over from testing the Mercury
space capsule, technologists stacked rows of hydroponic trays like bookshelves against the walls.
Then systems for lighting, ventilation, and circulating water were added using off-the-shelf parts.
Various crops were planted on the stacked trays to test how well they would grow in water and
without the benefit of sunlight or open air. This innovative approach to farming created a
foundation for the industry of controlled environment agriculture, or CEA. CEA combines plant
science and environmental control to optimize plant growth and maximize efficiency, frequently
incorporating vertical growth structures. Technology enables the filtering of contaminants from
crop water and delivers precise nutrient balances. Artificial lighting provides only the necessary
wavelengths at the right time, intensity, and duration, while environmental controls maintain ideal
temperature and humidity. This approach could help feed burgeoning future generations, said
Nate Storey, chief science officer at Plenty Unlimited, one of several companies building on NASA’s
plant-growth research.

19. It is stated in the passage that …

A. The world will run out of food by 2050 according to the United Nations.
B. NASA has maximized a farming method requiring a little water.
C. NASA is taking over conventional agriculture to address future food demands.
D. To improve plant development, plant science must be integrated with vertical growth
structures.
E. NASA's innovative approach pioneered the establishment of a controlled environment
agriculture industry.

20. From the first paragraph, it can be predicted that …

A. NASA will be more concerned with food production in space than with food production on
Earth.
B. The United Nations estimates that Earth will have to feed billions of people for a decade.
C. The most crucial aspect of long-term space exploration will be astronaut nutrition.
D. Conventional agriculture will succeed in feeding astronauts if it is combined with NASA's
techniques.
E. In the future, there will not be enough land for conventional agriculture.

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