GOKHALE EDUCATION SOCIETY’S N.B.T.

LAW COLLEGE

PRIN. T.A.KULKARNI VIDYANAGAR, NASHIK- 422 005

PROJECT ON

AWARENESS OF THE SOCIETY ABOUT HEALTH ISSUES

AND CREDIBILITY OF MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS

SUBMITTED TO

YASHWANTRAO CHAVAN MAHARASHTRA OPEN UNIVERSITY

(ESTABLISHED BY GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA)

DNYANGANGOTRI, NEAR GANGAPUR DAM, NASHIK- 422 222

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF

INTERNATIONAL CERTIFICATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS, 2014-2015

PROJECT GUIDE

DR. MRS. ASMITA A. VAIDYA

(PRINCIPAL – N.B.T. LAW COLLEGE)

SUBMITTED BY

MAITHILI MOHAN LIMAYE

PRN NO. - 2014017000855821

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 DECLARATION

I, Miss. Maithili Limaye, Student of Gokhale Education Society’s N.B.T.Law College,

hereby declare that I have completed this project on “Awareness of the Society about
Health Issues and Credibility of Medical Practitioners”, in academic year 2014-2015. The
project is submitted in partial fulfillment of International Certificate in Human Rights, with
Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University.

The information provided in the project is original and true to the best of my
knowledge.

______________

(Maithili Limaye)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Presenting this project as a contemporary and comprehensive treatise on the subject would not

have been possible without references to the authentic literature and other relevant publications on

the subject. In particular, I would like to express my gratitude to the health publications which are

been extensively referred to complete this project.

I acknowledge with gratitude, my indebtness to Dr. Mrs. Asmita A. Vaidya, who kindly gave her

valuable guidance for preparing this project. Her scholastic approach coupled with expertise, both as

an academic and as a practical knowledge, has substantially enriched the contents of the project.

Despite constraints on her time, she has provided her guidance. Because of her involvement and

guidance, the project would have been the light of the day.

This is being my first effort, the possibilities of errors and omission in its contents and presentation

cannot be completely ruled out. I shall, however, be grateful to my guide, my teachers, colleagues and

other readers for their suggestions for improvement.

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This project consists of three major chapters which include all relative information about the

Health condition of India, Awareness of the society and Role of medical fraternity. The project is

prepared by using data up to my true knowledge.

In the first chapter, the term Health is explained. This chapter also includes meaning of the term

‘Health’, types of health and current scenario with regards to India. It explains what are the major

aspects included in health.

In the second chapter, different segments relating to the health are discussed. It talks about the

general society composition of our country, major issues leading the unawareness of the society

regarding health issues and role of government and other functioning bodies to resolve the same.

Third chapter consists of role of medical fraternity with respect to the health conditions of India. It

states that the medical fraternity as whole must take active initiatives with regards to creating the

awareness of health aspects in the society. Also, the chapter contains the restraints on the medical

fraternity and the possible problems they face at their end.

There is a separate chapter on findings and reasons drawn from the annexure questionnaires and

interviews. The Conclusion, Webliography are also enclosed with the conclusion.

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 DESIGN OF THE STUDY

INTRODUCTION

Medical profession is a very noble profession, the aim of which is to serve for the betterment of

the humanity. Initially, profit making was basically a very secondary consideration. It was considered a

divine profession. Health of the society was considered important for social development. The matter-

of-interest was the health of the society and social development. However, over a period of time, the

matter-of-interest seems to have been shifted to higher monetary benefits and personal development.

Today, we see that Medicine is considered to be one of the most profit-making professions.

In today’s era, Health has become a very serious aspect. On one hand, society is seeking for the

better scopes and sources for gaining basic health knowledge mostly from social and other related

informative sites. On the other hand, major parts of rural areas are still fast asleep and are ignorant

about health aspects and need to be introduced to the basic medical facilities. Also, the unstoppable

competition between medical practitioners has arisen, for attaining greater profit numbers,

irrespective of the social health and development. The trust of the society on medical practitioners

seems to be fading away.

Our Constitution gives us very important rights, not only to survive but to live a quality life. These

are referred as “Fundamental Rights”. One of them is ‘Right to Health’ which is provided and added

under Article 21(Right to Life). There also exist many legal provisions; in and other than constitution;

supporting the right and providing machinery to enforce the same. We also have efficient judiciary,

judgments of whom are eye-openers. What lacks is awareness of such provisions in the society and

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efficiency of the Government to take strict actions thereby formulating strict rules against fraudulent

and unethical immoral medical practitioners. Also, the tendencies to unnecessarily spend/demand

money for receiving/availing basic services at higher rates should be eradicated.

OBJECTIVES

The major objective of this project is to bring to the notice, the serious health issues and declining

standard of health of our country. The objective is also to study, examine, analyse, and observe the

health conditions of our country, identify credibility of the medical practitioners and establish the

possible balanced solution.

HYPOTHSIS

The credibility of doctors is inversely proportionate yet directly related to the awareness of the

society regarding health aspects. The awareness of the society with respect to the general health

aspects and basic knowledge of the reasonably frequent diseases is negligible. We still have majority

of people who have blind faith in medical fraternity and are not willing to gather as much knowledge

as is possible to learn. Also, the layman cannot be as learned as the medical practitioners in the terms

of technicalities and in-depth experience based knowledge. Hence, the exact degree of credibility of

the medical practitioners cannot be measured.

SCOPE

The project is totally based on the Awareness of society regarding health issues ad role played by

the medical practitioners in today’s era. This project has included all the medical practitioners in

general like doctors, medical assistants, specialists, surgeons, hospitals and other small clinics. This

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project gives the information about what is been done so far and what is ought to be done. It also

makes some suggestions to Government, Society, and other existing bodies and to Medical fraternity.

LIMITATIONS

I have prepared the questionnaire based on my project and also have surveyed 9 individuals

from the Nasik. As the surveyed people are less and the opinions differ from the preferences, the

result may not be accurate and the results are limited up to those 9 residents. I have tried my level

best to get good, meaningful and quality information and also have tried to make my project best

among all.

METHODOLOGY

In order to conduct the research, an appropriate methodology is necessary. In this direction, both

primary as well as secondary data were attempted to be collected. The methodology for collecting the

data was taken from the different newspapers and relevant websites. The questionnaire was prepared

for the collection of primary data. It was prepared to get the detail information on an individual basis,

so I can derive the data necessary to analyse the findings and reasons for the same. The questionnaire

was initially prepared in rough sketch at the first instance. These questions were discussed with my

guide and other teaching faculty. They have provided valuable suggestions, additions and

modifications. After the finalization of the questionnaire, it was decided to approach random people

of random backgrounds in the nearby area. Thus, the methodology became a preplanned strategy of

collecting, editing and interpreting the required information for the research. Thus, the methodology

relied upon both primary and secondary data with the help of the questionnaire, discussions and

observations.

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 INDEX

CHPT HEADINGS PAGE NO.

.

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 WHAT IS HEALTH? AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE 8-9

1.2 CURRENT SCENARIO 9-12

2. LACK OF AWARENESS OF THE SOCIETY

SOCIETY COMPOSITION 13
2.1

MAJOR ISSUES BEHIND LACK OF AWARENESS 14

2.2

ROLE OF GOVERNMENT AND OTHER BODIES 14-15

2.3

3. ROLE OF MEDICAL FRATERNITY 16-17

4. FINDINGS AND REASONS 18-24

5. CONCLUSION 25-27

6. WEBLIOGRAPHY 28

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7. ANNEXTURE

CHPT. 1 INTRODUCTION

 WHAT IS HEALTH?

The word ‘Health’ is derived from the old English word- ‘Hale’, meaning wholeness, being

whole, sound or well. The word ‘Hale’ comes from the proto-Indo-European root ‘kailo’ meaning

whole, uninjured, of good omen.

The most famous definition of ‘health’ was created during the preamble of the constitution of

W.H.O. i.e. World Health Organisation, which was adopted by the International Health

Conference in 1946. Accordingly, “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-

being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.” However, in Ottawa Charter, in 1986,

W.H.O. provided another meaning to its definition. It mentioned, “Health is a resource for

everyday life, not the objective of living. It is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal

resources, as well as the physical capacities.”

In general, there are two major types of ‘Health’, viz. Physical Health and Mental Health.

Physical health includes structural health (i.e. sound bones, muscles, organs etc.), and Chemical

Health (i.e. tissues containing right amount of right chemicals, balance of nutrients, elimination

of toxins, etc.). As per W.H.O., Mental Health refers to a state of well-being in which the

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 individual realizes his or her own abilities can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work

productively and fruitfully and is able to make contribution to his or her community.

There are certain determinants of health. Peoples’ good or bad health depends upon their

environment and past and presents situations. As per W.H.O., following are the major

determinants of health:-

 Social and Economic Environment

 Physical Environment

 Individual characteristics and behaviours (i.e. genetics, relationships with society)

 CURRENT SCENARIO

Today, we find at least one news of losing a life due to scarcity and/or inefficiency of the

medical practitioners. Many cities in Aandra Pradesh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand

and hundreds of villages in Assam, Nagaland, Sikkim, Jharkhand, Bihar, Odisha, Chhattisgarh,

Telangana, Goa, and Maharashtra etc. do not have basic health and sanitation facilities, which

includes lack of availability of medicines and medical practitioners. The basic and advanced

healthcare facilities are far from the reach and knowledge of the rural areas. As per W.H.O.

(World Health organization) survey in 2011-2012, the approximate ratio of medical practitioner

to citizens in India was 1:1700. It states that we have just one doctor for every 1700

(approximate) citizens. This number is not just alarming but is also destroying the sole purpose of

medicine and Medical Practitioners.

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 From time-to-time, Union Health Ministry Officials have admitted the reluctance of medical

practitioners to work in rural areas. Accordingly, reasons for such reluctance are poor

infrastructure and equipments in villages, reluctance of distributors to dispatch medicines in

rural areas, other basic sanitisation facilities, lack of social awareness regarding health in rural

areas, belief and existence of outdated traditional treatment methods and of course - less

profitability. There is been observed a continuous flight of medical practitioners to better-paid,

better-facilitated and better-equipped localities and not to rural areas and small villages. The

ease of treating with higher monetary and other benefits is been preferred over the society’s

health. Also, till a week ago, there existed no restriction on private practicing by already

employed medical practitioners. Such has increased the blatant absenteeism causing multiple

deaths due to unavailability of quick medical help to victims.

It is a shame on our country that the health standards are very poor. The current scenario of

India from the Health perspective is not satisfactory. India is one of the most aggressively

developing countries. The politicians aspire to be the highest democratic ruling developed

country. The health issues existing in India and its sustainability would be the major obstacles

towards achieving the aforesaid aspiration. The health condition is very serious and the

standards are yet declining. Not only the society but the government also seems to be forgotten

about the responsibility to maintain the environment and provide healthy environment for its

citizens to sustain.

The practice of public health has been dynamic in India, and has witnessed many hurdles in

its attempt to affect the lives of the people of this country. Since independence, major public

health problems like malaria, tuberculosis, leprosy, high maternal and child mortality and lately,

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human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been addressed through a concerted action of the

government. Social development coupled with scientific advances and health care has led to a

decrease in the mortality rates and birth rates.

The current health situation in India is a sad story of deprivation. Unless one is fobbed off by

displays of hi-tech medical care and use of state-of-the-art medical technologies in big deluxe

facilities in few urban centers, the tale of utter helplessness and carelessness is so apparent that

it is now frequently taken as a matter of course. The blatantly paradoxical spectacle of buying

and selling of health improvements as consumer goods by the well-off minority in the metros on

the one hand and the denial of basic health facilities to the vast majority of population on the

other hardly evokes any comment.

Though the fact that the morbidity and mortality level of the country are still unconscionably

high and that the unsatisfactory health indices are indication of the limited access of the public

health system in meeting the preventive and curative requirements of the major part of

population, the data of Government may fail to indicate the nature and extent of neglect and

deprivation of health of the vast population.

Today, we see two major categories of people. One category is of people who have blind

faint in doctors and who never try to understand the prescribed medicines, alternative

treatments and who never question the doctors. On the other hand, we have people, who are

always using available sources like social media and sites to gather as much knowledge as they

can about the disease they are interested in learning about. Sadly, the other category is of very

few people. The number of people in the same must increase. This will help not only doctors in

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 gaining exact implementation of the treatment as required but it will also help the society for

gaining the understanding of importance of the treatment and its stages.

CHPT. 2 LACK OF AWARENESS OF THE SOCIETY

 SOCIETY COMPOSITION

In India, the majority of the population is still uneducated and substantially poor. The causes

of health inequalities lie in the social, economic and political mechanisms that lead to social

stratification according to income, education, occupation, gender and race or ethnicity. Public

health is concerned with disease prevention and control at the population level, through

organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private communities

and individuals.

Important issues that the health systems must confront are lack of financial and material

resources, health workforce issues and the stewardship challenge of implementing pro-equity

health policies in a pluralistic environment. 60% of the "global total" who does not have access to

toilets live in India, and hence are forced to defecate in the open. In actual numbers, sixty per

cent translates to 626 million. This makes India the number one country in the world where open

defecation is practiced. The major trouble is molding the mindsets of the majority of illiterate

people and shifting their belief from old-fashioned, obsolete methods to new, better standard of

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living. The illiteracy and unawareness of the problems are the major obstacles, due to which

ignorance towards health has become a common course.

 MAJOR ISSUES FOR LACK OF AWARENESS

Following are the major issues which lead to the unawareness of the society towards health:-

 Illiteracy and lack of basic health education in education system.

 Mindsets and beliefs in old-fashioned, obsolete methods and traditions.

 Lifestyle and the daily routine.

 Financial and economical backwardness.

 Huge costs of available treatments.

 Lack of infrastructure and machinery-instruments for better treatments.

 Reluctance of medical fraternity to work extensively in villages and rural areas.

 Lack of sanitation facilities in majority of sections.

 Unawareness of Insurance and its necessity.

 Inadequate provisions to enforce the provisions given under Indian Constitution,

International covenants, Universal Declaration and many other domestic enactments.

 Ignorance of the Government regarding resolving the problems, reflecting in recent

reduction in Healthcare Budget 2015-2016.

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 ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT AND OTHER BODIES

The Government, though, introduces numerous schemes and policies to control the health

issues, the infrastructure and the execution process has number of faults and loopholes. Hence,

the actual implementation of the provisions of international conventions and other enactments

has become almost impossible. In this light, the decision of the Government on cutting down the

healthcare budget is strange. Wide gaps exist in the enforcement, monitoring and evaluation,

resulting in a weak public health system. This is partly due to poor financing for public health,

lack of leadership and commitment of public health functionaries and lack of community

involvement. Revival of public health regulation through concerted efforts by the government is

possible through updating and implementation of public health laws, consulting stakeholders and

increasing public awareness of existing laws and their enforcement procedures.

There are several shortfalls that need to be addressed in the development of human

resources for public health services. There is a dire need to establish training facilities for public

health specialists along with identifying the scope for their contribution in the field. Identification

of health objectives and targets is one of the more visible strategies to direct the activities of the

health sector, e.g. in the United States, the “Healthy People 2010” offers a simple but powerful

idea by providing health objectives in a format that enables diverse groups to combine their

efforts and work as a team. Similarly, in India, we need a road map to “better health for all” that

can be used by states, communities, professional organizations and all sectors. It will also

facilitate changes in resource allocation for public health interventions and a platform for

concerted inter-sectoral action, thereby enabling policy coherence.

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 Also, there are many NGOs and other industries which are now awaken and are contributing

towards resolution of the health problems. The influential personalities of India are seriously

taking active participation in awareness programmes. Many Companies are building basic

infrastructure in rural and backward areas as part of Corporate Social Responsibility.

CHPT. 3 ROLE OF MEDICAL FRATERNITY

The medical education has become crucial yet money-making field. Unfortunately, it's not just the

public healthcare that is in trouble. What is equally disheartening is the situation in the urban areas.

We have a rapidly progressing private healthcare sector in the towns and cities, most of which now

have very big specialised hospitals with state-of-the-art equipment and skilled doctors. Unfortunately,

we seem to be failing to achieve patient satisfaction even at this end of the spectrum. There appears

to be widespread dissatisfaction, unhappiness and frustration amongst public about the healthcare

they are getting even in the larger city hospitals.

There is an intrinsic lack of trust in doctors and hospitals. This trust deficit between the

patients/public on one side and the doctors/hospitals on the other side appears to be causing a

significant negative effect on the recovery and well-being of patients and the quality of care as a

whole. The gap needs to be bridged and all sides need to take steps to make sure that there is a

coherent approach that leads to better patient care and satisfaction at an affordable cost. The first

step in this direction is to go back to basics and remind ourselves of the roles and responsibilities of

each group. In very broad terms, the medical profession needs to ensure uniform standards of high

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probity and integrity amongst its members and good practice of evidence based medicine. Doctors

should only practice in fields they had training in and refer other patients to relevant specialists early

in the patient journey. They need to maintain good documentation and data and regularly audit their

own performance and outcomes in an objective manner. The hospitals needs to plan their

infrastructure and operational procedures centered on patient safety and comfort and this needs to

be tightly regulated.

There needs to be emphasis on data collection and audit of care and outcomes as part of a

mandated clinical governance and quality assurance program. They should put in place a

comprehensive set of policies and procedures for safe delivery of various aspects of service. They have

to ensure that all the medical and non-medical staff treat the consumers (patients) with respect and

empathy and put in place an effective mechanism to deal with patient complaints.

However, one must look at the other side as well. There are the issues from the point of view of

medical fraternity. In addition to lack of infrastructure, poor government schemes and cost of

inventories; the major problem relies with the physical and mental strength of doctors and time

constraints. After all, Doctors and medical practitioners are human beings. It also has been

reconfirmed from time to time through studies, that the ratio of Doctor to patient is very low. As per

the recent studies in September 2014, oncologists to patient ratio are 1600 to 1,000,000. This means,

we have only 1600 doctors for over 1,000,000 cancer patients. The number of doctors in rural area is

very insignificant to the proportion of the need. The medical fraternity must establish themselves

equally in rural areas and bring the treatments to the poor and backwards at relatively less costs.

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CHPT. 4
FINDINGS AND REASONS

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Q. HUMAN TENDENCY TO INGNORE MINOR SYMPTOMS

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 As shown in the above graph, the general tendency of ignoring symptoms amongst people is as

high as 67%. Irrespective of age groups, gender, and health conditions; the general tendency is of

ignoring the minor symptoms like fatigue, pain and shortness of breath.

As per most of the physicians, these symptoms are the basic symptoms of heart and/ or lung

diseases. However, people ignore the symptoms or sometimes tend to have painkillers and leave it at

that. There is no report of approaching physicians for the informing and understanding the probable

reasons for the same.

Q. KINDS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES

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 As the above chart portrays, the general tendency of people is not to schedule special time for

their exercise. Maximum people do walk for exercise as a routine, during the errands, shopping etc.

very few people are into planning and doing strengthening exercises and other activities like sports,

swimming and yoga.

The trends of western culture as to bicycling and aerobics as an exercise schedule are yet to be

adopted by Indian population.

Q. CONFIDENCE ABOUT DOING GENERAL THINGS AND DAILY ACTIVITIES

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 The above chart shows the confidence of people about doing daily schedules, while suffering from

minor symptoms or other disease. Mostly, people feel confident about doing their daily routine, as

they are habitual to ignore the minor pain and other symptoms.

However, we still have 22% people who are not at all confident about their ability to continue with

the schedule, and miss their routine schedule activities due to the minor illness. But, only 11% are the

people who can sometimes do their activities and feel little confident about ability to continue with

their schedule work.

Q. HEALTH ISSUES DISTURBING DAILY ACTIVITIES

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 The above chart provides the proportion of the people who feel that their activities are interfered

by the minor symptoms or the disease they are been suffering.

Most of the people feel confident that their diseases are not affecting their any of the activities.

However, all of the activities are disturbed slightly, like rescheduling the plans, postponing the

household works, errands and shopping and missing out on recreational activities like hobbies. We

also have people who feel that their activities are moderately interfered by the symptoms and

diseases they have, specially the recreational running errands and shopping activities.

Q. MEDICAL CAUTIOUSNESS

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 As per the above chart, we can find out how cautious the people are regarding what to ask, what

all to learn and what all to share. If we see the percentages, very few people prepare the list of

questions they want to ask a doctor before visiting. Thus, we can conclude that very few people know

what symptoms they have beforehand. However, we can say that reasonable amount of people ask

the doctors about the details of treatment, details of medicines, the cost of the treatment, alternative

treatments and alternative medicines. We must learn that still, there are few people who are not at all

cautious regarding their treatments. Also, this shows reasonable amount of negligence of the society

towards awareness about the availability of alternative, cheap yet equally effective methods and

medicines.

Q. CHOICE FOR CONSULTING A DOCTOR

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 As we can see, most of the people prefer a relative who is doctor. Some people still have family

doctors. However, Very few people actually visit and consult general physician who is unaware of any

history, family background of the person.

This shows that people are on the verge of losing the trust on unknown doctors or those whom

they have never consulted before and those who are not relatives of friends. This result is somewhere

alarming to the medical fraternity regarding their methods of practice. The other result also shows

that the whole of the 11% agree that their doctors will never accept the mistake from their side.

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 CHPT. 5 CONCLUSION

The healthcare situation in India is critically bad. This is undoubtedly true when we consider key

indices like maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate which are amongst the worst in the

world. Unfortunately this situation continues despite the government coming out with large scale

initiatives, probably due to corruption and lack of effective implementation. Out of pocket health

expenditure caused due to lack of access to adequate public healthcare is preventing a large section of

population from climbing above the poverty line and pushing another large section back below the

line. We cannot dream to become a developed country while we continue to fail in the improvement

of one of the most important sectors.

The government needs to push healthcare to the top of its agenda and constantly work to have the

policies, strategies and regulation that are on par with the developed healthcare systems. It needs to

empower and expand the role of the Medical Council to act as an overall ensurer of good practice by

members of medical profession and to act firmly against those who are outside the framework of

expected professional and behavioural standards. It also needs to strengthen and expand the role of

hospital accrediting agencies and make compliance mandatory for all healthcare organisations. It

needs to promote the development of specialist medical bodies that govern and oversee the practice

of members of their specialty and issue periodic guidelines and clinical pathways to attain uniform

practice.

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 Patients and relatives should try and avoid excessive consultation and multiple opinions unless

there is a very valid reason. They should use primary care physicians as the first port of call wherever

possible. They need to talk to the doctors and make sure they are informed of the diagnosis,

treatment options and prognosis. They need to be aware that to make errors is human and medical

profession is not an exception as long as this is within acceptable levels. When things go wrong, they

should insist on talking with the professionals caring for the patient and get an explanation.

Sometimes unexpected developments happen despite the doctors' best efforts. When they are fully

convinced that there is medical negligence, they can pursue their grievance through appropriate

channels. They should never resort to abuse or violence.

The general public needs to put pressure on their respective political representatives and hold

them accountable so that they take improvement in healthcare sector as a top priority. It needs to

follow good advice about healthy lifestyles, eating habits and exercise and undergo periodic screening

tests as appropriate. The concept of Family doctor is almost vanished and the history, family

background is usually not been considered the primary root cause of the disease. This is making the

doctors difficult to identify and treat the cause itself. Today’s treatments seem to be on try-and-error

basis. This might sometimes cause great damage to the patient and also a financial and emotional

damage to his / her family.

If all parties make a coherent effort, things should improve quite quickly. It is up to healthcare

experts, policy makers and medical leaders to build an operational and regulatory framework that

incorporates these responsibilities. We have all the building blocks required to put together a quality

healthcare service, at least in the private sector in urban areas. We just need to put them all in the

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right place and order. Thus, in this changing world, with unique challenges that threaten the health

and well-being of the population, it is imperative that the government and community collectively rise

to the occasion and face these challenges simultaneously, inclusively and sustainably.

Hence, one can say that the awareness of the society and credibility of doctors are two sides of a

coin. They both must go hand-in-hand, unlike the inverse proportion that exists today, to lead our

country towards the healthiest population in the world. The efforts are required to be taken from

every individual and Government, semi-government and other private bodies to achieve the same. For

this, social determinants of health and economic issues must be dealt with a consensus on ethical

principles – universalism, justice, dignity, security and human rights. This approach will be of valuable

service to humanity in realizing the dream of Right to Health. The ultimate yardstick for success would

be if every Indian, from a remote hamlet in Bihar to the city of Mumbai, experiences the change.

"The devil has put a penalty on all things we enjoy in life. Either we suffer in health or we suffer in

soul or we get fat."

Albert Einstein

"Our own physical body possesses a wisdom which we who inhabit the body lack. We give it orders

which make no sense."

Henry Miller

“The health of people is the foundation upon which all their happiness and all their powers as a
state depend.”
Benjamin Disraeli, British Prime Minister.

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 CHPT. 7 WEBLIOGRAPHY

 http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/150999.php

 http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/policy-and-issues/india-is-drowning-in-its-own-

excreta/article3524150.ece

 http://www.bannedthought.net/India/PeoplesMarch/PM1999-2006/archives/2004/aug2k4/

health.htm

 http://www.sociologyofsanitation.com/honble-guests/sessionspeakers/sanitation-health-and-

development-deficit-in-india-a-sociological-perspective/

 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3114612/

 http://forbesindia.com/blog/health/5-things-to-know-about-the-indias-healthcare-system/

 http://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/India-has-just-one-doctor-for-every-1700-people/

2013/09/22/article1792010.ece

 http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/contributors/contributions/sreenivasa-raju-kalidindi/

Healthcare-sector-in-India-Problems-and-ways-to-improve-it/articleshow/16569852.cms