Logarithms 9.

log a x is increasing function of x if

a  1 and is decreasing function if
 It is the function defined on positive real
a 1
non-zero variables.
10. If a  1 and c>0, ab  c  loga c  b ,
 y  log a x implies x  a . Here y is the
y

if 0  a  1 and c>0, ab  c  loga c  b .

logarithm of x to the base a, x is
antilogarithm of y
Problems
 If a=e it is natural logarithm and if a=10
it is common logarithm 1. Find the value of log y x  log z y  log x z
 log a a  1& log a 1  0 log a log b log c
2. If    k find the
 Characteristic is the integral part of the bc c a a b
logarithm. The value of it is one less value of a a  bb  cc
than the number digits before the 3. Solve for x if log x (8x  3)  log x 4  2
decimal point for the numbers greater
than one, negative and in magnitude one 4. Solve for x and y if log10 x 2 y 3  7 and
more than the number of zeros between x
log10 1
the decimal point and the first non-zero y
digit in the decimal part. 5. Find the value of
 Mantissa is the decimal part of the xlog y log z  y log z log x  z log xlog y
logarithm 6. If log a bc  x , logb ac  y and
 Properties of logarithms
logc ab  z find the value of
1. log a xy  log a x  log a y
1 1 1
x  
2. log a  log a x  log a y x 1 y 1 z 1
y
7. Give that log10  0.47712 , find the
3. log a xn  n log a x
number of digits in 345
logb x
4. log a x  8. Given that log 0.5  1.699 , find the
logb a
number zeros between decimal point and
 log a x  logb x  log a b
first non-zero digit in 0.565
1
5. log a x  9. The set of solutions of the equation
log x a 1
xlog3 x (log3 x ) 10  2
2 2

6. x
loga y
 y loga x x
7. aloga x  log a x 1 1
10. If log3 30  and log5 30  then find
a b
q
8. log a p x q  log a x the value of log30 2 as a function of a
p
1 and b
 log 1 x  log a   log a x 11. Find the value of x satisfying the
a
x
equation log x2 6 x8 log 2 x2  2 x3 x2  2 x  0
  1   1 
   
 1log a x   1log a
12. If y  a and z  a
y

represent x as a function of z
log x log y log z
13. If  
l  m  2n m  n  2l n  l  2m
find the value of xyz
14. If a3 xb5 x  a x5b3 x find the value of
b
x log .
a
15. If u  v2  w3  z 4 find the value of
logu (uvwz )
16. Find the value of x if log 1 x  log2 (3x  2)
2

17. Find the number of solutions of the

equation log9 (2 x  5)  log3 ( x  4)
18. If logb (ab)  x what is the value of
log a (ab)
19. Solve the equation given below for x
2log 2 log 2 x  log 1 log 2 2 2 x  1
2

20. Find all the real values of x satisfying

 2log x 9
the equation | x  1|log3 x  ( x  1)7
2