Dr.

C K Lok
IIMT3602
Information Systems Analysis and
Design
Overview

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

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 Dr. C K Lok
Outline
Software Development and Systems Analysis and
Design

Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC)

Iterative Development

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

Introduction to Ridgeline Mountain Outfitters
(RMO)

Developing RMO’s Tradeshow Systems

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 Dr. C K Lok
Learning Objectives
Describe the purpose of systems analysis and design
when developing information systems

Explain the purpose of the system development life cycle

and identify its six core processes

Explain how information system methodologies provide

guidelines for completing the six core processes

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

Describe the characteristics of Agile methodologies and
iterative system development

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 Dr. C K Lok
Learning Objectives (continued)
Based on the Ridgeline Mountain
Outfitters Tradeshow System example:

Describe how the six core processes of

the SDLC are used in each iteration

Identify key documents used in planning a

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

project

Identify key diagrams used in systems

analysis and systems design

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 Dr. C K Lok
Outline

The rest of the

lectures elaborates
on the basic
This Overview processes walked
takes you through through in this
the process of Overview
Lectures center on developing one
developing rather small

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

information information system
systems that solve
organization needs

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 Dr. C K Lok
Software Development
Computer application (app) – a computer software
program that executes on a computing device to
carry out a specific set of functions

• Modest scope

Information system – a set of interrelated

components that collects, processes, stores, and

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

provides as output the information needed to
complete business tasks

• Broader in scope than “app”

• Includes database and related manual processes

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 Dr. C K Lok
Software Development
Systems analysis – those activities that enable a person to understand
and specify what an information system should accomplish

Systems design – those activities that enable a person to define and

describe in detail the system that solves the need

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

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 and Design
Information Systems Analysis

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HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics Dr. C K Lok

 Dr. C K Lok
Software Development

Understand
Capture
the need
(business the vision Define
need) Communicate
a solution
Build
the vision
and the

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

solution solution

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 Dr. C K Lok
System Development Life Cycle
(SDLC)
The process consisting
of all activities required Design the system Build, test, and
to build, launch, and components that integrate system
maintain an solve the problem components
information system.

Discover and
Complete system
SIX core understand the
tests and then
processes are: details of the
deploy the solution

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

problem or need

Identify the problem

Plan and monitor
or need and obtain
approval the project

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 Dr. C K Lok
Systems Development Life
Cycle (SDLC)

Project – a
Requires
planned
undertaking that knowledge of
Used to develop systems analysis
has a beginning an information and systems
and end and that system
design tools and

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

produces some
techniques
definite result

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 Dr. C K Lok
System Development Life Cycle
(SDLC)
System development process – the actual approach used to
develop a particular information system (aka: methodology), e.g.

able to move quickly and easily repeating

Extreme programming (XP) [Agile and Iterative]

a set of practices used in agile project management that emphasize daily communication and the flexible reassessment of plans
that are carried out in short, iterative phases of work.

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

Scrum [Agile and Iterative]

Most processes/methodologies now use Agile and Iterative

development

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 SCRUM

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HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics Dr. C K Lok

 Dr. C K Lok
SCRUM
Scrum is an agile framework for project management as an
alternative to the traditional waterfall method

With waterfall, there is lengthy planning, then building, testing, etc.

with potential delays and bringing the wrong product to market

Scrum breaks projects into smaller iterations called sprints that

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

last 1-3 weeks

Each sprint involves planning, development, testing to create an

increment of a shippable product

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 Dr. C K Lok
SCRUM
Scrum uses 3 roles - Product Owner, Scrum Master, and self-organizing
team

It uses 3 artifacts - Product Backlog, Sprint Backlog, and burndown chart

It involves 3 ceremonies - Sprint Planning, Daily Scrum, Sprint Review and

Retrospective

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

The process repeats with each sprint until the product is feature complete

The goal of Scrum is to deliver a potentially shippable product in a short

amount of time through incremental releases called sprints

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 Dr. C K Lok
Iterative and Agile Development
Agile development – an Fast on feet; responsive to change
information system
development process that
emphasizes flexibility to
anticipate new requirements
during development

Iterative development – an

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

Complete small part of system (mini-
approach to system project), then repeat processes to
development in which the refine and add more, then repeat to
system is “grown” piece by
piece through multiple refine and add more, until done
iterations

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 Dr. C K Lok
Iterative and Agile Systems
Development Lifecycle (SDLC)

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

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 Dr. C K Lok
Ridgeline Mountain Outfitters
(RMO)
Rocky
Large Retail
Mountain and
Company Western States

Outdoor and Started mail

sporting clothing order and
and accessories phone order

Skiing,

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mountain biking, Added retail
stores
water sports

Hiking, Added
camping, extensive E-
mountain business
climbing component

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 Dr. C K Lok
RMO Tradeshow System

Demonstrates
one iteration
Being added of the small
Sample to larger Goes through The plan here
project for Small project – all six core is to complete
information supply chain
this Overview assumes processes of iteration in six
system (app) management
topic system more SDLC days

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

iterations in
total project

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 Dr. C K Lok
RMO Tradeshow System
Problem – purchasing agents attend apparel and fabric trade shows
around the world to order new products from suppliers

Need – information system (app) to collect and track information about

suppliers and new products while at tradeshows

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

Tradeshow Project – is proposed
Supplier information subsystem Product information subsystem

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 Dr. C K Lok
Initial Activities – pre-project
Identify the problem
and document the
objective of the • Preliminary investigation
system • System Vision Document
(core process 1)

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

Obtain approval to • Meet with key stakeholders,
commence the including executive management
project • Decision reached, approve plan and
(core process 1) budget

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 Dr. C K Lok
System Vision Document

Problem description

System capabilities

Business benefits

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

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 Problem Description

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HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics Dr. C K Lok

 System Capabilities

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HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics Dr. C K Lok

 Business Benefits

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HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics Dr. C K Lok

 Dr. C K Lok
Day 1 Activities - Core Process
2: Plan the Project
Determine the major Supplier information subsystem
components (functional areas) Product information subsystem
that are needed

Decide to do Supplier subsystem first

Define the iterations and assign
Plan one iteration as it is small and
each function to an iteration straight forward

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

Determine team members and responsibilities

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Dr. C K Lok
Work Breakdown Structure
for Iteration

Describes the work and covers

Core Processes 3, 4, 5, and 6

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Dr. C K Lok
Work Sequence Draft for
Iteration

Elaborates the Work Breakdown

Structure

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

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 Dr. C K Lok
Day 2 Activities - Core Process 3:
Discover and Understand Details
Do preliminary fact-finding to understand
requirements

Develop a preliminary list of use cases and a

use case diagram

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

Develop a preliminary list of classes and a
class diagram

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 Both subsystems
Identify Use Cases

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HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics Dr. C K Lok

 Both subsystems
Identify Object Classes

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HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics Dr. C K Lok

 Both subsystems
Preliminary Class Diagram

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HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics Dr. C K Lok

 Dr. C K Lok
Day 3 Activities

Discover and Understand Details

Core • Do in-depth fact-finding to understand requirements
Process 3 • Understand and document the detailed workflow of each use case

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

Design System Components
Core • Define the user experience with screens and report sketches
Process 4

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 Dr. C K Lok
Supplier Information Subsystem
Use cases:

Look up supplier

Enter/update supplier information

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

Lookup contact information

Enter/update contract information

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 Dr. C K Lok
Use Case Diagram
Supplier information subsystem

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

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Dr. C K Lok
Activity Diagram
(Workflow)

Look up supplier use case

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

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 Draft Screen Layout
Look up supplier use case

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HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics Dr. C K Lok

 Dr. C K Lok
Day 4 Activities - Core Process
4: Design System Components
Design the database (schema)

Design the system’s high level

structure
• Browser, Windows, or Smart phone

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

• Architectural configuration (components)
• Design class diagram
• Subsystem architectural design

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 Database Schema

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HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics Dr. C K Lok

 Diagram
Architectural Configuration

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HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics Dr. C K Lok

 Dr. C K Lok
Notes on Managing the Project
Lots of design diagrams shown
• Design in a complex activity with multiple levels
• One diagram builds on/complements another
• Not everything is diagrammed, especially for a small
project. Pick and choose.

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

Programming is also done concurrently
• You don’t design everything then code
• You do some design, some coding, some design, some
coding

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 Dr. C K Lok
Day 5 Activities

Core Process 4: Design Continue with design details

System Components Proceed use case by use case

Core Process 5: Build, Test,

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

Continue programming (build)
and Integrate System Build use case by use case
Components Perform unit and integration tests

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 Dr. C K Lok
Day 6 Activities - Core Process 6: Complete
System Testing and Deploy the System

1 2 3
Perform system Perform user Possibly deploy part of
functional testing acceptance testing system

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

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 Workflow of Testing Tasks

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HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics Dr. C K Lok

 Dr. C K Lok
First Iteration Recap
This was a 6-day iteration of small project
Most iterations are longer This project might be 2 Most projects have many more
(2 to 4 weeks) iterations iterations

End users need to be involved, particularly in day 1, 2, 3 and 6.

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

Days 4 and 5 involved design and programming concurrently.

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 Dr. C K Lok
Our Lectures Center on Activities
and Tasks in the SDLC

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

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 Dr. C K Lok
Summary
Lectures center on developing information systems that
solve organization needs

Overview takes you through the whole process for one

small information system

System development involves 6 core processes, known

HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics

as the SDLC

The rest of the lectures elaborates on the basic

processes walked through in Overview

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 Q&A
Thanks!
Let’s explore IS Analysis (I)

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HKU | Faculty of Business and Economics Dr. C K Lok