Simple Present of the verb ‘be’ in the affirmative form

Full form Contraction

I am from Spain. I’m from Spain.

You are from Germany. You’re from Germany.
He is in room 18. He’s in room 18.
She is a teacher. She’s a teacher.
It is in Bristol. It’s in Bristol.
We are students. We’re students.
You are my teachers. You’re my teachers.
They are at the airport. They’re at the airport.

Simple Present of the verb ‘be’ in the negative form

Full form Contraction

I am not from Spain. I’m not from Spain.
You are not from Germany. You aren’t from Germany.
He is not in room 18. He isn’t in room 18.
She is not a teacher. She isn’t a teacher.
It is not in Bristol. It isn’t in Bristol.
We are not students. We aren’t students.
You are not my teachers. You aren’t my teachers.
They are not at the airport. They aren’t at the airport.

Question forms and short answers

Question Short answer
Are you Irish? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
Is he in room 18? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.
Is she a teacher? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
Is it in Bristol? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
Are we in this class? Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t.
Are they at the airport? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.

Importante:

• Utilizamos contracciones cuando hablamos.

• Para contestar utilizamos una forma corta (= “short answer”).
e.g., Are you American? Yes,I am (NO Yes, I’m American).
• En inglés siempre tenemos que incluir un sujeto antes de un verbo.
e.g., She is Spanish; Enzo is Italian (NO is Spanish; is Italian).

A1 English Course: Unit 1 Grammar Reference

 • Siempre utilizamos mayúscula para “I”.
e.g., I’m from Spain (NO i’m from Spain).
• Utilizamos “you” para tu/vosotros/vosotras/usted/ustedes.
• Se utiliza he para una persona masculina.
e.g., Peter is the teacher. He is from Bristol.
• Se utiliza “she” para una persona femenina.
e.g., Manuela is from Madrid. She is in class 12.
• Se utiliza “it” para una cosa o lugar.
e.g., You are in class 12. It is on the first floor.
• Usamos “they” para personas en plural.
e.g., Their names are Manuela and Andi. They are in my class.
• “They” se utiliza para cosas o lugares también.
e.g., Where are the tickets? They are in my bag.
• En la forma negativa, también se puede contraer de esta manera:
- is not: She’s not Spanish (= She isn’t Spanish).
- are not: They’re not at the airport (= They aren’t at the airport).
• Tenemos un solo verbo “be” para ser/estar.
e.g., ¿Dónde estás? = Where are you?
¿Eres mi profesor? = Are you my teacher?

Possessive Adjectives

I’m Spanish. My name’s Sofía.

You’re in class 12.
He’s the director.
She’s my teacher.
It’s a language school.
We’re at the airport.
They’re in room 112.
This is your teacher.
His name’s John.
Her name’s Clare.
Its name is International School.
Our flight number is EZY1221.
Their names are Elena and Pierre.

A1 English Course: Unit 1 Grammar Reference

 Importante

• Utilizamos “his” para su de él.

• Utilizamos “her” para su de ella.

• Utilizamos “its” para su de una cosa o lugar.

• Los adjetivos posesivos no cambian en la forma del plural.

e.g., Our names are Sophie and David (NO Ours names are Sophie and David).

• Cuidado con its y it’s:

- its es un adjetivo posesivo.

- it’s es la contracción de it is.

Question words

- What is your name? My name’s Karen.

- How are you? I’m fine!

- Where are you from? I’m from Ireland.

- How old are you? I’m 45 years old.

- Who is your tour guide? Peter.

Importante

En inglés decimos how old are you? (NO how old have you?)

A1 English Course: Unit 1 Grammar Reference