@) Gerunds and infinitives Lugy is practising the piano and Simon is talking to her. | Simon: When did you start playing the picno? Lucy: When I was six My parents wanted me ‘to play a musical instrument. My murn suggested learning the violin but I decided ‘to go with the piano. ing. So you gave up playing? Thats right And I don't miss playing at all. prefer to do sports. I play football don't like sports. I avoid doing sports if I can. When we put another action after a verb, we change the action to a gerund, a to-infinitive or an infinitive, Some verbs are always followed by a gerund (the -ing form of a verb). ‘We miss living in a big city. Lesley suggested meeting at 8 am ‘Some verbs can only be followed by a fo-infinitive (10 + the base form of a verb). Janet offered to help. | hope to see you again soon. ‘Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or a ‘o-infinitive. Alice hates getting up /to get up early. Jonathon started acting / to act when he was eight. os \ 90_\ Pan Lioyds Grammar Buld-up for Secondary Students Book + =j Gerunds AA gerund is the -ing form of a verb. We use it 6 a noun, We can use gerunds as the subject of a sentence, Walking is a good form of exercise. Eating fast food makes you fat. sv s v We can also use gerunds after some adjective-preposition phrases. afraid of bored with excited about — famous for fond of good at happy about interested in opposed to proud of responsible for tired from* tired of* worried about Jasmine is bored with doing the same thing every day. | was worried about writing the wrong address on the envelope. NR *The meaning of tired from and tired of are different, John: Why are you lying on the grass? Sally: _|'m tired from running. | just ran ten kilometres. (tired from = physically tired) John: Ten kilometres in this heat. 'm not surprised. Why do you run so much? Sally: ove running. Ili never get tired of running, (tired of = no longer interested in) Verb + gerund Here are some common verbs that are always followed by gerunds avoid ‘can't help consider deny discuss enjoy finish give up involve miss practise recommend spend” suggest waste" *Whon we use gerunds after spend and waste, we put the time in between like these: We spent half'tie/day sitting in the sun. Vivian wasted {WOlROUFS standing in line. Sarah can't help feeling so sad. | recommend having our school picnic in autumn We form the negative of a gerund by adding nor before it. Paul and Esther discussed not taking part in the festival. Mum suggests Ot going for a swim after a meal Unit 11 Gerunds andinfintives (91Verb + to-infinitive “A to-infinitive is to + the base form of ‘can only be followed by verb, Here are some common verbs that to-infinitives. agree appear attempt be able choose decide demand expect happen hope intend mean offer plan prepare promise refuse seem ty wish id you agree to look after Kelly's oat? Mrs Wong demanded to see the manager ‘Some verbs are followed by an object and a fo-infinitive. (ask help need teach tell want a My mum taught fig to play the guitar when Iwas ten. cea In the case of help, you ean also eave out 0 | helped Dad to wash the car. | want youtall to arrive early tomorrow. I helped Dad wash the car. yO toxnfinitive “We form the negative of fo-infinitive by adding "ef before it Julia chose not to go out all weekend. He promises not to be late again. Louise asked John net to talk so loudly 140ld You not to take the red bag: finitiv' ‘Here are some common ‘verbs that can be followed by either gerunds or to-infinitives. begin ‘continue hate like | love prefer start nN Wie often use hate, ike and love with 1 go +a gerund 103k about sports and activities, | ike 16190 Jogging in the evening. ‘She hates 610 camping in summer. Grace continued talking /to talk when the teacher came in the classroom. Henry prefers reading / to read on his tablet. ae) roti rmnarButup tr Set Suet Boa Exam Report In the Secondary 3 TSA writing tasks as well as in Paper 2 of the HKDSE exam, some students did ot use a gerund when it was the subject of a sentence, some did not use a gerund after certain verbs and some did not use to before the base form of a verb. Enjoying Enjey the splendid view of the universe will be one of the entertainment in 2025 X The base form of a verb was used. We use the gerund Enjoying as the subject of a sentence. leavin; ‘Some suggested to-leave these areas as open space for public use. X The 10-infinitive was used. We use the gerund leaving after the verb suggested. to All parents love their children and want their childrenstay with them. X To iis omitted. The verb want and the object their children should be followed by a ro-infinitive. Do the Quiz below. Check your understanding of. gerunds and to-infinitives. mo: Tick (7) the correct answers. 1 in the rain is not much fun, A. Hike (AB. Hiking 2. Do you want me___ the vegetables? A. cut LIB. tocut 3. Brenda misses_on stage. A. tobe B. being 4. Vivian spends too much time A. watching B. to watch Do B. acting 6 in front of a computer for too long can be bad for your eyes. A Sit 7. Did you ask Raymond some let A. to post Unit 1 Gerunds andintntives 93]Complete the sentences using the correct gerund form of the verbs in brackets. 1, Tony denied__doing_(do) anything wrong 2, That chef is famous for (make) great pasta. 3, Who was responsible for (not / turn off) the air conditioner last night? \ 4 (g0) to bed late every night is not good for you. 5. He gave up (run) two years ago. 6. Fora while Justin considered (become) a pilot. 7. Does Steve enjoy —_— (cook)? 8. Is Sue interested in (meet) Mr Jones? Write the sentences using the correct to-infinitive form and the words given. Make sure the words are in the correct order. 1, agreed / Teresa / act in the school play ‘Teresa agreed to act in the school play. 2, Howard / wake up earlier / planned 3, promises / Yvonne / be home by 9:30 pm 4, repair the old computer / was able / Albert 5, me/ buy some bread / Cara / did not ask 6. Amanda / want / does / buy a necklace? 7, win the game / Brian / did not try 8. did / ask / Jeremy / not / him / be late? ‘Pan Lloyds Grammar Build-up for Secondary Students Book 1Complete the sentences by choosing one of the options in brackets. 1, Dad wants Kate__toplay __(o play / playing) basketball Did you discuss (organising / to organise) a picnic? 3. Mum told David (not talking / not to talk) to strangers. 4, Julie does not miss (to work / working) in the evenings. 5. Angela recommended (to see / seeing) Gone with the Wind, 6, It scems (to be / being) some kind of rocket. 7. You need (keeping / to keep) your wallet safe. 8. Sophia agreed (helping / to help) Toby. ‘There are mistakes in some of these sentences. Underline the mistake and write the correct answer in ‘the space on the right when necessary. If there is no mistake, puta tick (V) in the space. 1. Leonard can’t help to think about it. 2. Mavis denied to be in the street at that time, 3. Ricky is good at drawing, 4, Jacob hurt his kace so he is not able playing, 5. Teresa needs someone making the sandwiches, 6. Gary and Iris like dancing 7. That dog appears being lost. 8. Itis getting dark. We should give up to look for your hat. thinkingRead the conversation. Fill in the blanks by using the correct gerund form and the words in brackets. Rita: Rita: Nick: Rita : Nick: Rita: Nick, you (1) enjoy cooking (enjoy / cook), don’t you? Yes, Ido. Why do you ask, Rita? saw an interesting cooking programme on TV last night. The host was Melissa Chan. Really? She's the chef that's (2) (famous for / make) all kinds of pasta dishes. [Not just pasta dishes. She's (3) (good at / do) lots of different Italian dishes, She (4) (started / cook) when she was a teenager. At that time she was (5) {interested mainly in / cook) Chinese food. Then she ‘married an Italian, moved to Italy and said she was (6) (tired of / cook) Chinese food. Right. Her husband was (7) (fond of / eat) Italian food so she 8) (started / study) how to cook Htalian food. She 9) (practised / prepare) all kinds of dishes. She said she 0) (spent days / get) her pasta sauces just right. I assume the programme was about Italian food. Yes, it was. She says she (11) (loves / live) in Italy and she (12), week. (doesn’t miss / live) in Hong Kong. You should watch it next TwillRead the blog. Fill in the blanks using the correct to-infinitive form and the words in brackets. My Blog Posts Lact! Etro Getting around in Hong Kong Here is something 1(1)__Promised todo _ (promised / do) a couple of weeks ago. Several readers (2) _ (asked me / write) about how to get around in Hong Kong. One of the great things about Hong Kong is that it has a really good public transportation system. The first thing I (3) 7 __(tell people / do) when they get to Hong Kong is buy an Octopus card. Take it with you everywhere you go. You should a _ (expect / use) ita lot because you can use it on most forms of Public transport. No matter where you (5) (intend / go), you CO) (will be able / get) there by public transport. The quickest way around is the MTR but (7) (try / not / take) it during peak hours. ‘The MTR doesn’t go everywhere. If you (8) (Plan / visit) places without an MTR station, you (9) (need / take) a bus. Sit on the upper deck for a better view. There are few places that buses don't go. If you (10) — (want /take) a taxi, you can find them everywhere but, like most places, they are expensive. One journey you should (11) (try / do) for fun is on the tram, which runs East to West across the top of Hong Kong Island. Go from one end to the other. You won't be disappointed. Unit 11 Gerunds and infritives | 97[econ we Read the online chat, Fill in the blanks using the correct gerund or to-infinitive form of the verbs in brackets. Active now FRI8:15 PM Hi Rachel. It's Tom's birthday next week. | want ()__toget_ (get) him something but I don’t know what. | ) Hello Harry. | would suggest (2) (buy) him | something fo do with food. He's vary fond of 3) (cook) at the moment. He started (4) (help is parenis last year and now that's all he talks about. Ge) | know. He asked me (5) (come) round and do | ‘some cooking together but I'm not at all interested in (6)__ (do) that. But what could | get him? | ‘Atoaster or something? He probably has everything he needs. a You're probably right. He enjoys (7)_______(do) diferent. sports too. How about some kind of sports equipment? “* I'm not planning (8) (spend) too much money. Things like tennis rackets are too expensive. (9) (Choose) the right present isn’t easy. | guess | could get him a book. a Rather than a book, how about a cash coupon? That way he can choose (i)________ (get) whatever he wants, Or maybe you just need ay (talk) to him and find out what he wants. 98 | Pan Uoyds Grammar Buld-up for Secondary Students Book 1