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Notes On Mohrs Circlesand Shear Strength
Notes On Mohrs Circlesand Shear Strength
Notes On Mohrs Circlesand Shear Strength
( + ) F v
A
= 0 = − 1 A + n
cos
cos + n
A
cos
sin (1)
( ⎯⎯→ )
+ A A
FH = 0 = − n cos sin + n cos cos ( 2)
σ1
σn = (1+cos2θ )
2
τn = σ1cos 2θtanθ
τn = σ1sinθcosθ
1
n = sin 2
2
Plot of σn vs τn for various values of θ.
When the soil sample has confining pressure, σ3 , as well as axial pressure, σ1 ; the normal
and shear stresses are:
n = 1
( + 3 ) + ( 1 − 3 ) cos 2
2 2
( − )
n = 1 3 sin 2
2
The normal and shear stress curves move apart
Plot of σn vs τn
The equations for normal and shear stress can be found from the geometry of the circle
n = 1
( + 3 ) + ( 1 − 3 ) cos 2
2 2
( − )
n = 1 3 sin 2
2
−
n = 1 2 sin 2 n = 1 3 sin 2
2
2 f = 90 + '
Strength of Clay
Effective Stress:
'= -u
1'= 1 -u
3'= 3 -u
if 3' > 3 , then,
3'- 3 = −u is positive
u = negative
c
x=
sin '
3' = x − c
c
= −c
sin '
1
3' = c − 1
sin '
3 = 0
1 − sin '
3' − 3 = −u = c
sin '
Suppose, ' = 30
c = 5 psi
1 − 0.5
u = − 5 psi
0.5
u = − 5 psi
In fact, the cohesion in clay (all soils, actually) is due to the negative porewater pressure
in that soil.
Strength of Sand
In the absence of pore water, the strength of sand is due almost entirely to friction.
SAND STRENGTH
Normally, if you are given any three of the quantities you can find the other three.
Problem 01
Given : 1 = 15 kPa
3 = 5 kPa
c = 2 kPa
Find : f = 8.45 kPa
f = 4.76 kPa
= 18
Solution:
r=
( 1 − 3 ) = (15 − 5 ) = 5 kPa
2 2
f = 5cos
f = 10 − 5sin
2
x=
tan
2
R sin = sin (10 + x) = 10 + sin = 5
tan
10sin + 2 cos = 5
2 5
sin + cos =
10 10
= 20 : 0.529 0.5
= 18 : 0.499 0.5
f = 5cos = 4.76 kPa
f = 10 − 5sin = 8.45 kPa
Problem 02
Given : 1 = 20 kPa
f = 9 kPa
f = 7 kPa
Find : c = 2.80 kPa
= 25
3 = 4.54 kPa
Solution:
c = 7 − 9 tan
20 − 3
r=
2
c 7
x= = −9
tan tan
20 − r − r sin = 9
20 − r − r (1 + sin ) = 9
20 + 3 c 20 − 3
R sin = + sin = r =
2 tan 2
20 + 3 20 − 3
sin + c cos =
2 2
20 − 3
20 − (1 + sin ) = 9 (1)
2
20 + 3 20 − 3
sin + ( 7 − 9 tan ) cos = ( 2)
2 2
From (1) :
20 − 3
( 20-9 ) = (1 + sin )
2
2(20 − 9)
− + 20 = 3
(1 + sin )
From ( 2 ) :
3 3
sin + + 10sin + 7 cos − 9sin = 10
2 2
3
(1 + sin ) = 10 − 10sin + 9sin − 7 cos
2
3
(1 + sin ) = 10 (1 − sin ) + 9sin − 7 cos
2
1 − sin sin cos
3 = 20 + 18 − 14
1 + sin 1 + sin 1 + sin
22
3 = 20 −
1 + sin
20 (1 + sin ) − 22 20 (1 − sin ) + 18sin − 14 cos
=
(1 + sin ) (1 + sin )
20 + 20sin − 22 = 20 − 20sin + 18sin − 14 cos
22sin − 22 = −14 cos
1 − sin 14 2 f f
= = =
cos 22 2 ( 1 − f ) 1 − f
1 − sin 7
= = 0.636
cos 11
1 = sin + 0.636 cos
= 30 : 1 1.051
= 29 : 1 1.041
= 25 : 1 0.999
c = 7 − 9 tan 25
c = 2.80 kPa
22
3 = 20 −
1 + sin 25
3 = 4.54 kPa
Problem 03
Given : 1 = 20 kPa
f = 8 kPa
c = 3 kPa
Find : 3 = 3.65 kPa
f = 7.24 kPa
= 27.9
Solution:
f − 3 = 8 tan (1)
20 − r − r sin = 8 ( 2)
20 − 3
r= ( 3)
2
3
x= ( 4)
tan
20 + 3 3 20 − 3
R sin = + sin = ( 5)
2 tan 2
20 − 3
f = cos (6)
2
From ( 2 ) :
20 − r (1 + sin ) = 8
20 − 3
20 − (1 + sin ) = 8
2
20 − 3
(1 + sin ) = 20 − 8 = 12
2
20(1 + sin ) − 3 (1 + sin ) = 24
From ( 5 ) :
20 + 3 20 − 3
sin + 3cos =
2 2
3 3
10sin + sin + + 3cos = 10
2 2
3
(1 + sin ) + 3cos = 10 − 10sin = 10 (1 − sin )
2
3 (1 + sin ) = 20 (1 − sin ) − 6 cos ( B)
3 (1 + sin ) = 20 (1 + sin ) − 24 From ( A )
20 (1 − sin ) − 6 cos = 20 (1 + sin ) − 24
20 − 20sin − 20 − 20sin − 6 cos = −24
−40sin − 6 cos = −24
20sin + 3cos = 12
sin + 0.15cos = 0.6
Problem 01
Draw the sketch of the Mohrs Circle, marking all that is known and all that is to be found.
Solution:
r=
( 1 − 3 )
2
r cos = f
( 1 + 3 ) − r sin =
f
2
c
x=
tan
( 1 + 3 ) c ( 1 − 3 )
+ sin = r =
2 tan 2
( 1 + 3 ) sin + c cos = ( 1 − 3 )
2 2
sin +
2c ( 1 − 3 )
cos = Find by trial and error
( 1 + 3 ) ( 1 + 3 )
f =
( 1 − 3 ) cos
2
f =
( 1 + 3 ) −
( 1 − 3 ) sin
2 2
Problem 02
Given : 1 , f , f
Draw Sketch
Find : c, , 3
Solution:
c = f − f tan
1 − 3
r=
2
c
x=
tan
1 − 3
1 − r (1 + sin ) = 1 − r − r (1 + sin ) = f = 1 − (1 + sin )
2
1 + 3 c 1 − 3
2 + tan sin = 2
1 − 3
1 − f = (1 + sin )
2
( − f ) =
1 −3
1
2
(1 + sin )
1 + 3 −3
sin + c cos = 1
2 2
1 1 3 3
sin − + c cos = − sin −
2 2 2 2
1 3
( sin − 1) + c cos = − (1 + sin )
2 2
1
( sin − 1) + ( f − f tan ) cos = − 1 + ( 1 − f ) (1 + sin )
1
Find by trial and error
2 2 1 + sin
Then 3 = 1 −
2
1 + sin
( 1 − f )
1 − 3 1 +3
And c= − 1 tan
2 cos 2
1 1 (1 + sin )
f cos − f sin = − (1 + sin ) − ( sin − 1) + ( 1 − f )
2 2 (1 + sin )
1
= −1 − sin − sin +1 + 1 − f
2
1
=− 2 sin + 1 − f
2
f cos − f sin + f = 1 (1 − sin )
f cos + f (1 − sin ) = 1 (1 − sin )
cos
f = ( 1 − f )
(1 − sin )
cos
=
( 1 − f )
(1 − sin ) f
Problem 03
Given : 1 , f , c
Find : 3, f ,
Solution:
−3
r= 1 (1)
2
c
x= ( 2)
tan
+ 3 c −3
R sin = 1 + sin = 1 ( 3)
2 tan 2
c = f − 1 tan ( 4)
1 − 3
f = cos ( 5)
2
+ 3 1 − 3
f = 1 − sin (6)
2 2
From ( 6 ) :
1 1 3 3
− sin + + sin = f
2 2 2 2
1 (1 − sin ) + 3 (1 + sin ) = 2 f (A)
From (3):
c cos +
( 1 + 3 ) sin = ( 1 − 3 )
2 2
1 1 3 3
c cos + sin − + sin + =0
2 2 2 2
1 3
c cos − (1 − sin ) + (1 + sin ) = 0
2 2
3 (1 + sin ) = 1 (1 − sin ) − 2c cos ( B)
From (A):
3 (1 + sin ) = − 1 (1 − sin ) − 2 f
From (B):
3 (1 + sin ) = 1 (1 − sin ) − 2c cos
− 1 (1 − sin ) + 2 f = 1 (1 − sin ) − 2c cos
−2 1 (1 − sin ) = −2 f − 2c cos
f + c cos
(1 − sin ) = Find by trial and error
1
Then, f = c + f tan
2 f − 1 (1 − sin )
And, 3 =
(1 + sin )
Check Derivation
From(6):
1 − 3 1 − 3
f = 1 − − sin
2 2
−
f = 1 − 1 + 3 − 1 3 sin
2 2 2
1 + 3 1 − 3
f = − sin
2 2
1 1 3 3
f = − sin + + sin
2 2 2 2
2 f = 1 (1 − sin ) + 3 (1 + sin )
Alternatively,
1 − 3
f = 1 − (1 + sin )
2
2 ( 1 − f ) = ( 1 − 3 )(1 + sin )
2 ( 1 − f ) = 1 (1 + sin ) − 3 (1 + sin )
3 (1 + sin ) = 1 (1 + sin ) − 2 ( 1 − f )
3 (1 + sin ) = 1 (1 − sin ) − 2c cos
1 (1 + sin ) − 2 ( 1 − f ) = 1 (1 − sin ) − 2c cos
1 + 1 sin − 1 + 1 sin = 2 ( 1 − f ) − 2c cos
2 1 sin = 2 ( 1 − f ) − 2c cos
sin =
( 1 − f ) − c cos
1 1
sin +
c cos
=
( 1 − f )
1 1