Started on Wednesday, 27 December 2023, 4:56 AM

State Finished
Completed on Wednesday, 27 December 2023, 4:57 AM
Time taken 14 secs
Grade 6.00 out of 10.00 (60%)

Question 1
Incorrect
Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

A confounding variable often causes the desired outcome in a study.

a. True
b. False 

The correct answer is: True

Question 2
Incorrect
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Which of the following must be true for a variable to be removed as a potential confounder?

a. The variable must not be found to be independently associated with the outcome.
b. The variable must be associated with the exposure under study in the source population. 
c. It does not lie on the causal pathway between exposure and disease.
d. It is shown to cause the outcome being studied

The correct answer is: The variable must not be found to be independently associated with the outcome.
Question 3
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Effect modification must be controlled much like a confounding variable.

a. True
b. False 

The correct answer is: False

Question 4
Correct
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__________ occurs when the observed result between exposure and disease differs from the truth because of the influence of the third
variable.

a. Selection Bias
b. Confounding 
c. Informational bias
d. Gender bias

The correct answer is: Confounding

Question 5
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following is not used to reduce the impact of a confounding variable?

a. Randomizing the participants in a study

b. Using matched controls
c. Increasing the participants in a study 
d. Restricting the sample

The correct answer is: Increasing the participants in a study

Question 6
Incorrect
Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

To better understand effect modification in a study, what should be done with the data?

a. A p-value must be established 

b. Better controls must be established
c. The study should be redone with new participants
d. It should analyzed after being divided into 2 or more permanent subgroups

The correct answer is: It should analyzed after being divided into 2 or more permanent subgroups

Question 7
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Designing a study as a randomized controlled trial can often reduce the impact of confounding variables.

a. True 
b. False

The correct answer is: True

Question 8
Correct
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To conclude that an association between exposure and disease outcome exists the study must _______________.

a. be conducted as a case-control
b. not be assessed for bias
c. be adjusted for possible confounders 
d. show an OR of greater than 2.0

The correct answer is: be adjusted for possible confounders

Question 9
Incorrect
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A confounding variable must be on the causal pathway between an exposure and outcome.

Select one:
True 
False

The correct answer is 'False'.

Question 10
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Once a study has been conducted the data is often divided into groups to control for confounding variables. This is known as _________.

a. Matching
b. Stratifying 
c. Formulating
d. Statistically testing

The correct answer is: Stratifying