Abbey Dardar

Part 1: Conduct research to learn more about the macromolecules-

The process of digestion macronutrients are broken down into molecules that
can pass through the intestinal epithelium and enter the bloodstream for use in
the body. Sugar molecules, amino acids, and fatty acids all contain carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen. The atoms that make up sugar molecules, amino acids,
and fatty acids are all the same even though they are all very different. Sugars
have a ring structure, amino acids have a central carbon with an amino group,
carboxyl group, and R group. Fatty acids have a carbon chain with a carboxyl
group. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen make different types of molecules
because of the way that they are bonded together. This allows new molecules to
be made from the same molecules. Also, new molecules can be formed during
chemical changes, for example when proteins are broken down and create
amino acids. The energy to produce new types of molecules come from the
conversion of one form to another. Also energy can be derived from ATP, and
even light, heat, and chemical gradients.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26882/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544242/

Part 2 and 3:

The atoms of sugar molecules include; carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The
hydrocarbon backbones of each atom are used to make amino acids and also
carbon-based molecules. The carbon-based molecules can be combined to form
larger molecules like protein. This allows new molecules to be made from the
same molecules.

If there is not enough carbohydrates intake, the body forms glucose, the body
uses the glycogen that is stored. Muscles and the liver store glycogen. So if you
need glycogen during exercise when glucose is not available. When the muscles
don't have anymore glycogen then it will start to use lipids and protein for energy.
The liver normally has glycogen stored, in case the body needs more glucose. If
the glycogen stores are empty then the liver uses protein to create energy. The
protein is broken down into amino acids, which can be further broken down into
glucose.

Since sugar molecules and amino acids share the same types of atoms, amino
acids. The sugar molecules make up what is needed for the hydrocarbon
backbone to be used to create amino acids and other carbon-based molecules.
The carbon-based molecules created from amino acids can form larger
carbon-based molecules like protein.

https://www.cde.ca.gov › itemspecs-hs-ls1-6
https://media.edgenuity.com/contentengine/Common/passages/8306/8306-05-02
/8306-05-02-05_CarbohydratesFunction_OC.html
https://www.britannica.com/science/polymerization