Earthquake Load-NSCP 2015 Section 208

Earthquake Load
An earthquake is a sudden undulation of a portion of the earth’s surface. Although the ground
surface moves in both horizontal and vertical directions during an earthquake, the magnitude of
the vertical component of ground motion is usually small and does not have a significant effect
on most structures. It is the horizontal component of ground motion that causes structural damage
and that must be considered in designs of structures located in earthquake-prone areas.

Steps in Determining Earthquake Load (NSCP 2015)

1. Identify Occupancy Category

2. Determine Seismic Importance Factor (I)
3. Identify Soil Profile Type
4. Determine Seismic Zone
5. Identify Seismic Zone Factor
6. Basic Seismic Force Resisting System
7. Identify Seismic Source Type
8. Determine the Distance from the nearest Active Fault
9. Determine the value of Near Source Factor (Na)
10.Determine the value of Near Source Factor (Nv)
11.Determine the value of Seismic Coefficient (Ca)
12.Determine the value of Seismic Coefficient (Cv)
13.Determine the value of R and 𝛺0
14.Determine the value of Ct and hn
15.Determine the value of Period (T)
16.Calculate the Total Weight
17.Design Base Shear (V)
18.Determine the Additional Lateral Force at the roof top (Ft)
19.Determine Vertical Distribution of Force
Example:
A four-storey building located at TUP-Manila has a storey height 5m on the ground floor and
4m on the other floors. The roof deck has a dead weight of 400 kN while the second to fourth
floor level has a dead weight of 800 kN. The building is under special occupancy category. A
steel moment resisting frame will be used. Determine the lateral force at roof deck level.

Solution:
1. Identify the Occupancy Category (Table 103-1)
➢ Special Occupancy Category, III
2. Determine Seismic Importance Factor (I) (Table 208-1)

➢ Seismic Importance Factor, I = 1.0

3. Identify Soil Profile Type (Section 208.4.3 and Table 208-2)

➢ Soil Profile Type = SD

4. Determine Seismic Zone (Section 208.4.4.1 and Figure 208-1)

➢ Seismic Zone 4
5. Identify Seismic Zone Factor (Table 208-3)

➢ Seismic Zone Factor, Z = 0.40

6. Identify Basic Seismic Force Resisting System (Table 208-11A for Concrete, Table 208-
11B for Steel)

➢ Special moment-resisting frame (SMRF)

7. Identify the Seismic Source Type (Table 208-4)

➢ Seismic Source Type = A

8. Determine the Distance from the nearest Active Fault

➢ Distance from the nearest Active Fault = 9.1 km

9. Determine the value of Near Source Factor (Na) (Section 208.4.4.3 and Table 208-5)

➢ By interpolation:
1.2 − 1.0 1.2 − 𝑁𝑎
=
5 − 10 5 − 9.1
𝑁𝑎 = 1.036
10. Determine the value of Near Source Factor (Nv) (Section 208.4.4.3 and Table 208-6)

➢ By interpolation:
1.6 − 1.2 1.6 − 𝑁𝑣
=
5 − 10 5 − 9.1
𝑁𝑣 = 1.272
11.Determine the value of Seismic Response Coefficient, Ca (Section 208.4.4.4 and Table
208-7)

➢ 𝐶𝑎 = 0.44𝑁𝑎
𝐶𝑎 = 0.44(1.036)
= 0.456

12. Determine the value of Seismic Response Coefficient, Cv (Section 208.4.4.4 and Table
208-8)

➢ 𝐶𝑣 = 0.64𝑁𝑣
𝐶𝑣 = 0.64(1.272)
= 0.814
13.Determine the value of R and 𝛺0 (Table 208-11A for Concrete, Table 208-11B for Steel)

➢ Special moment-resisting frame (SMRF):

𝑅 = 8.0
𝛺0 = 3.0
14.Determine the value of Ct and hn (Section 208.5.2.2)

➢ 𝐶𝑡 = 0.0853
➢ ℎ𝑛 = 5 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 17 𝑚

15.Determine the value of Structure Period, T

3
𝑇 = 𝐶𝑡 (ℎ𝑛 )4
3
= (0.0853)(17)4
= 0.714 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑠

16.Calculate the Total Weight, W

𝑊 = 800(3) + 400
= 2,800 𝑘𝑁
17.Design Base Shear (V) (Section 208.5.2.1)

𝐶𝑣 𝐼
𝑉= 𝑊
𝑅𝑇
(0.814)(1.0)
𝑉= (2800)
(8)(0.714)
𝑉 = 𝟑𝟗𝟖. 𝟗𝟕𝟖 𝒌𝑵

2.5𝐶𝑎 𝐼
𝑉= 𝑊
𝑅
2.5(0.456)(1.0)
𝑉= (2800)
(8)
𝑽 = 𝟑𝟗𝟖. 𝟖𝟔 𝒌𝑵
 𝑉 = 0.11𝐶𝑎 𝐼𝑊
𝑉 = 0.11(0.456)(1.0)(2800)
𝑉 = 140.399 𝑘𝑁

0.8𝑍𝑁𝑣 𝐼
𝑉= 𝑊
𝑅
0.8(0.4)(1.272)
𝑉= (2800)
8
𝑉 = 142.464 𝑘𝑁
18.Additional Lateral Force at the roof top (Ft) (Section 208.5.2.3)
𝐹𝑡 = 0.07𝑇𝑉
𝐹𝑡 = 0.07(0.714)(398.86)
= 𝟏𝟗. 𝟗𝟑𝟗 𝒌𝑵
➢ Vertical Distribution of Force
𝑤𝑥 ℎ𝑥 𝑤𝑥 ℎ𝑥 (𝑉 − 𝐹𝑡 )𝑤𝑥 ℎ𝑥
∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑤𝑖 ℎ𝑖
Roof 400 17 6,800 90.728
4th 800 13 10,400 138.76
3rd 800 9 7,200 96.064
2nd 800 5 4,000 53.869
𝑛

∑ 𝑤𝑖 ℎ𝑖 = 28,400
𝑖=1

At the roof:
𝐹𝑣 = 90.728 + 19.939 = 110.667 𝑘𝑁