NAME: Ivy A.

Rabe DATE: 04/ 02/ 24

Lourdelyn S. Vega

YEAR s SECTION: BEED 2B James INSTRUCTOR’S NAME: Ms. Lyndel Coronel

WORKSHEET NO. 1
THE SITE OF THE FIRST
MASS

Directions: Analyze the primary source/s and arguments presented in this lesson and decide on the
main issue/s using your own arguments.

MAIN ISSUE

The questions about where the first mass happened in the Philippines came from the dichotomy
of understanding of “Mazaua” based on the accounts of Pigafetta. This led to the Limasawa and
Masao, Butuan debate.

DECISION:
We agreed that the first mass in the Philippines was held in Limasawa, Southern Leyte.

ARGUMENT/S:
Our decision was based on Antonio Pigafetta's Diary: Antonio Pigafetta, was a part of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition
and served as the voyage's chronicler. His diary is considered a primary source of information about the voyage and is one
of the most compelling pieces of evidence supporting the claim that the first mass in the Philippines was held in
Limasawa.Pigafetta provided a detailed account of the journey, including the celebration of the first mass. His descriptions
of the island where the mass was held correspond closely to the geographical features of Limasawa. According to him, the
mass was celebrated on an island after they left the island of Humunu (now Homonhon) and sailed westward, which
matches the location of Limasawa relative to Homonhon First Mass in the Philippines. To mentioned the Easter Sunday
Mass, according to Pigafetta's diary, the first mass was celebrated on Easter Sunday. This aligns with the historical
timeline, as the expedition arrived in the Philippines during the Lenten season of 1521. The first Easter Sunday Mass in
Limasawa is considered significant as it marked the introduction of Christianity in the Philippines Limasawa: Where the
First Easter Sunday Mass was held 500 years ago.For us, Pigafetta's diary serves as an eyewitness account of the events
during the expedition. His detailed descriptions and records provide a firsthand perspective of the voyage and the events
that took place, including the celebration of the first mass. Therefore, for us Pigafetta's diary is a critical piece of evidence
in favor of the claim that the first mass in the Philippines was held in Limasawa, Southern Leyte. The detailed descriptions
and firsthand accounts provided in his diary align with the geographical and historical context of Limasawa.
NAME: Ivy A. Rabe DATE: 04/02/24
Lourdelyn S. Vega

YEAR s SECTION: BEED 2B James INSTRUCTOR’S NAME: Ms. Lyndel Coronel

WORKSHEET NO. 2
RETRACTION OF RIZAL

Directions: Analyze the primary source/s and arguments presented in this lesson and decide on the
main issue/s using your own arguments.

MAIN ISSUE:

Whether or not Jose Rizal retracted in favor o f the Catholic Church.

DECISION:
For us, Jose Rizal did not retract
ARGUMENT/S:
Jose Rizal, during the Spanish colonial period, emerged as a prominent figure who challenged the injustices of Spanish rule through his
writings, advocacy for reforms, and promotion of national consciousness among the Filipino people. For us "Project Retraction"
orchestrated by the Spanish friars, specifically led by Fr. Pablo Pastells and Father Sanchez, aimed to persuade Jose Rizal to retract his
beliefs during his exile in Dapitan. It was clear that the intention behind this project was to regain control over Rizal's influence and to
suppress his criticism of the Catholic religion and Spanish influence in the Philippines.Father Sanchez, who had been Rizal's teacher at
Ateneo, played a significant role in trying to convince Rizal to retract his beliefs. The offer of a professorship, a substantial sum of
money, and an estate were tempting incentives presented to Rizal in exchange for his retraction. However, Rizal, showing his steadfast
commitment to his principles, rejected these offers and chose to remain with his military guard, Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade, during his
exile.Rizal's refusal to retract and his decision to live with Josephine Bracken as husband and wife without a church wedding further
exemplify his defiance against the pressure exerted by the Spanish friars.It is highly unlikely that Rizal would retract his beliefs,
especially considering the knowledge that even if he signed a retraction paper, he would still face execution. Rizal was well aware of
the fact that his involvement in filibusterous propaganda activities, which carried the penalty of death under the Spanish Code, had
made him a target of the Spanish regime. Moreover, it is worth noting that this alleged written declaration of retraction is always in the
hands of the Archbishop, and it has never been seen by anyone else despite the desire of many to examine it.Given these circumstances,
it is highly improbable that Rizal would have retracted his beliefs,Rizal's steadfast commitment to his principles and his willingness to
face the consequences of his actions demonstrate his courage and integrity in challenging the Spanish regime's injustices.The actions of
Father Estanislao March, S.J., and Fr. Jose Vilaclara, S.J., the two priests who accompanied Rizal to the execution site, raise doubts
about the existence of Rizal's retraction. Despite having the authority to order a Christian burial for Rizal, they did not do so, suggesting
that they may have known that no retraction had taken place.Considering these circumstances, it is evident that there are significant
doubts surrounding the existence of Rizal's retraction. The actions of the accompanying priests and the circumstances of Rizal's burial
raise questions about the authenticity and validity of the alleged retraction. So for us, these compelling reasons to believe that Jose Rizal
did not retract his beliefs, and the involvement of certain priests further supports this argument. The lack of concrete evidence, including
discrepancies and variations in the existing copies of the retraction letter, raises doubts about its authenticity. Rizal's consistent criticism
of the Spanish colonial government and the Catholic Church throughout his life, coupled with his unwavering commitment to his
principles, make it unlikely that he would suddenly renounce his beliefs. The involvement of priests such as Fr. Pablo Pastells and
Father Sanchez, who were part of the influential Spanish friars, raises questions about their motives and the potential pressure they
exerted on Rizal. Contradictory accounts and testimonies, along with Rizal's subsequent actions and statements, further contribute to the
doubts surrounding the retraction. Rizal's refusal to have a church wedding with Josephine Bracken and his unwavering commitment
until his execution suggest that he maintained his principles. Considering these factors, it is reasonable to conclude that Rizal did not
retract his beliefs. The involvement of influential priests, the lack of concrete evidence, inconsistencies, contradictions, and Rizal's
subsequent actions all contribute to the argument that he remained steadfast in his convictions.

NAME: Ivy A. Rabe DATE: 04/02/24

Lourdelyn S. Vega

YEAR s SECTION: BEED 2B James INSTRUCTOR’S NAME: Ms. Lyndel Coronel

WORKSHEET NO. 3
Directions: Analyze the primary source/s and arguments presented in this lesson and decide on the
main issue/s using your own arguments.

MAIN ISSUE:
The main issue during the Cavity Mutiny Filipino employees and soldiers at the Spanish arsenal at Cavite are
unhappy for a number of reasons, such as unfair policies, low pay, and mistreatment at the hands of Spanish
officials.

DECISION:
Initiation of the Mutiny

ARGUMENT/S:

Our decision is initiation of the Mutiny sinced the Filipino laborers and soldiers endured a range of mistreatment
and prejudice from their Spanish overlords. Compared to Spanish workers and troops, they were frequently
refused promotions, received worse pay, and experienced discriminatory treatment. They also experienced Bad
Working Conditions, because the Spanish arsenal had appallingly hard working conditions. The unhappiness of
the Filipino workers was made worse by long hours, low pay, and subpar facilities. All things considered, the
Cavite Mutiny was the result of the Filipino workers and soldiers' many grievances and disappointments with
Spanish colonial control, as well as their aspiration for independence and self-determination.

]NAME: Ivy A. Rabe DATE: 04/02/24

Lourdelyn S. Vega

YEAR s SECTION: BEED 2B James INSTRUCTOR’S NAME: Ms. Lyndel Coronel

WORKSHEET NO. 4
CRY OF BALINTAWAK
Directions: Research and analyze the primary sources' arguments about the Cry of August 1896.
Decide on the main issues and present your own arguments.

MAIN ISSUE:

The primary concern of the Cry of Balintawak, which is sometimes referred to as the Cry of Pugad Lawin, was
its function as the primary incendiary event of the Philippine Revolution against the colonial government of
Spain. On August 23, 1896, as a show of defiance against Spanish rule, Filipino revolutionary leaders tore up
their cedulas, or residency certificates. This occasion signaled the start of the military fight for liberty and
represented the aspirations of the Filipino people for independence.

DECISION:

One important choice made by the revolutionary leaders of the Philippines at the Cry of Balintawak was to
collectively tear up their cedulas, which were issued by the Spanish colonial government as a means of taxation
and control.

ARGUMENT/S:
The decision made is tear up their cedulas they seek desire for freedom, the fundamental argument was the
Filipino people's thirst for freedom from Spanish colonial control. They wanted to escape the tyrannical rule of
the Spanish because they were sick of being treated like second-class citizens in their own country. Opposition to
Abuse and Exploitation, the Filipino people were subjected to high taxes, forced labor, and other types of
exploitation by the Spanish colonial administration. In response to these injustices, the Cry of Balintawak was
uttered as a statement of resistance against the repressive policies of colonialism. It was also the Independence
Symbol, tearing the cedulas represented the Filipino people's aspiration for self-government and independence. It
signaled the start of the fight for freedom from Spanish colonial control and the Philippine Revolution. All things
considered, the Filipino people's choice to tear cedulas during the Cry of Balintawak was a symbolic act that
represented their long-standing complaints and aspirations for independence, justice, and national sovereignty.
 Midterm Requirement and
Compilation 2nd Semester
AY 2023-2024

Readings in the Philippine History

ONE PAST BUT MANY HISTORIES:

CONTROVERSIES AND CONFLICTING VIEWS IN
THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY