Edematous syndrome
Edema - excessive accumulation of fluid in the interstitial
space.
Edema is visible if the volume of interstitial fluid
increases by more than 15%.
Causes
Increasing hydrostatic
pressure
Decreased plasma oncotic
pressure
Increased capillary
permeability
Lymph outflow disorders
Violation of venous outflow
The mechanism of edema formation
Nephritic edema
Decreased GFR
Kidney retention of water
and salt
Increased intravascular
Diseases and conditions
acute nephritic syndrome,
acute tubular necrosis,
heart failure
Hypoproteinemic conditions:
1.nephrotic syndrome,
chronic hepatic failure,
exudative enteropathy
2.LCI(lack of calorie intake
- kwashiorkor)
Insect bites, allergies, sepsis,
angioectasia
lymphatic obstruction (swelling),
congenital lymphedema
Obstruction of the hepatic
venous outflow, blockage of
the superior / inferior vena
cava.
Nephrotic edema
Proteinuria
Hypoproteinemia
Decrease in oncotic pressure
volume

Increase in capillary The appearance of edema

hydrostatic pressure
The appearance of edema Reduction of the
intravascular bed
Kidney retention of water
and salt
Intravascular fluid overload:
orthopnea, cardiomegaly, increased pressure in the jugular
vein, pulmonary congestion, hepatomegaly

Types of edema

Types of edema
Causes

Localized edema injury, insect bite, infection,

peripheral lymphedema of newborns,
obstruction of the superior vena cava
(edema of the face, neck)

Life-threatening local edema Allergic reaction with airway edema

Snake bite
Thrombophlebitis
Generalized edema Kidney disease (AGN -
oliguria, microhematuria,
arterial hypertension,
cardiomegaly, pulmonary
edema)
Life-threatening generalized Congestive heart failure
edema Nephrotic syndrome -
anasarka
Liver failure

Semiotics of edema
acute post-streptococcal Edema in the first phase of
glomerulonephritis the disease, almost always
periorbital. Less commonly
on the legs and trunk. Edema
is dense, cavity edema is
rare.
Nephrotic syndrome Edema is generalized,
massive. Cavitary edema
(hydrothorax,
hydropericardium, ascites)
Peripheral soft, mobile.
Anasarka.

Pyelonephritis Slight swelling of the

eyelids

Liver disease signs of chronic liver

disease - jaundice, itchy
rash, palmar palms,
hypertrophic
osteoarthropathy,
portal vein thrombosis -
hepatosplenomegaly without
jaundice, with severe
ascites,
Biliary atresia

Allergic reaction Combination with rash,

urticaria. itching,
recurrent edema with
hereditary angioteca
Heart failure HF congestion with
congenital heart disease,
DCM, myocarditis (decreased
exercise tolerance,
orthopnea, paroxysmal
nocturnal dyspnea.
Cardiomegaly, gallop rhythm,
pulmonary crepitus,
hepatomegaly)

Exudative enteropathy chronic diarrhea,

 steatorrhea, and recurrent
abdominal pain, possibly
intolerance to gluten, a
protein in cow's milk.
Concomitant conditions -
anemia. PEM,
hypovitaminosis, macro-
microelement deficiency
anemia.
The use of drugs Estrogens.
Oral contraceptives,
Rapid parenteral
administration of saline
sodium chloride solution

Other reasons Pregnancy gestosis

chronic malnutrition
swelling of newborns