jurhee Sox" Air Dispersion System The experts in the air dispersion industry world wide DURKEESOX DESIGN MANUAL og WN mn OLE RR DURKEE Ss O X DES I @ N MANUALCONTENTS PREFACE 1, DURKEESOX* SYSTEM LAYOUT. 4.1 General Application Layout 4.1.1 LowCeting Design 1.1.2 Large Space, High Celiing Design 1.2 General Design Guideline for Aesthetic Consideration 4.2.41 Diameter Selection a Different Installation Height and Aesthetic Requirement 122 — AveLayout Design 1.2.3 Closed.aop Layout Design 1.2.4 Match Design with interior Decor 1.3 Spacial Case Design 2, SHAPE AND DIMENSION DESIGN 2a — 21 Shape Design 22 Dimension Design 3, SYSTEM STANDARD FITTINGS DESIGN., 31 General Fittings 32 Special Fittings 3.3 Functional Fittings 4, AIR SUPPLY PRESSURE CALCULATION 4.1 Internat Pressure Caleviation 4.1.3 Straight Duct Pressure Calculation 4.1.2 Complicated System Pressure Calculation 5, AIRFLOW DISPERSION DESIGN 5.1 AirDispersion Mode! Selection 5.2 Airflow Dispersion Design 52.4 Even ir Dispersion Principle 52.4.1 Even Air Dispersion Duct Design Principia 6.2.1.2 Basis Conditions Far Even Air Dispersion 52.4.3 Even Air Dispersion Made 5.22 _AirDispersian System Design Processure 5.2.2 Parmoated Airflow Calculation 5.24 Orifice Airflow Caleulation 6, DURKEESOX® SYSTEM COMPONENT DESIGN 6.1 AicDispersion Components 6.2 —_FunetionalComponente Ty CASE STUDY nestePREFACE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS For any design, the starting is to consider all tne factors which contribute tothe air-conditioning and airflow distribution ‘= Theair-congitioning requirements on specified engineering design Include ‘cooling and heating load, air volume, end air volocty, Uniformity and more. ‘Cooling and heating load: it mainly aims at the calculation ‘method and basis the designer adopts. it is necessary to Understand design intent in detail so as to estimate the relation of the load and air supplying model, alfiow distribution, and suspension height Airflow volume: it is mainly to understand the relation of Giferent air supplying height and airflow volume por unit area, to ‘make sure supplying air volume In the whole air-conditioned foam and air sispersion effect in diferent seasons to meet the pplication requirements End air velocity: it mainly aims at diferent functional areas Gf every project. Requirements of end air velocity vary with Sifterent functional arses. It's necessary fo know the intention of the project application and the end users actual demand, on the basis of which to design the orifice size and fabrie permeability {fo ensure the ultimate application affect. Uniformity: itis similar to end air velocity. The emphasis is to Understand the functional areas and actual usage requirements of each aroa and provide the different design layout + Space design: jtincludes height, structural barrier, machinery roam location, air return layout, ductwork aesthetics etc DESIGN PARAMETER RECOMMENDATION Design on height is to know the elevation of all the ‘equipments and structures in the whole space, which Include ,reaf, floor, ceiling, equipment. ductwork, lamp area, operation space ete. ta design the duct diameter ‘and height layout ——Structural barrier is which potentially affects the layout but could not be reflected in the drawing, It Inclides beam, half partition, grid ceiling, decorative column ote. is necessary to avoid structural barriers \when design in order to prevent any modification to Durkeaisox system during instalation at lle ——AMachinary room location and ar return outlets layout indicate the whole air citculation orientation, which help Dotter layout ducts and orifices direction, thus improve air distribution in air-conditioned room, For layout aesthetics of ductwork, it alms at places with certain aesthetic requirement to the building lke ublic places. Some of such places have closed ceiling, Some not To Investigate the whole decoration style can takes better matching with architectural design scheme and increase the integral aesthetics. Im actual application, the engineering drawing is normally upping by dosignor, HVAC design tayeut proterred (including ‘ntaliation positon of AHUs and equipment parameter). 1m Aaplcaton Nom Apslad_ A ncargs Santa cncy Ao er Gomer and Special area art Item Applet aoe mete (CFM) veay(FPM) elo rPa) ‘uemanet (supermarkets 16-26 tea, j9~25wit | 60-180(1inw.g.) 60-100 Fagen ane 1 Sopprgcentre. (58m) yer, 4-8 }-250Wir Sms) 20-40. Sepang cents, (5-8) 200-250Wim’ 100-300(mn) (305m) 204 7 RRR, 2503 tena gg SesaQWYYe0-s00(tinwg) 60-100 ene" (8-10) I 200-250Wim! —200-500{min}_(0305r) 2 Qommien 282 petra, gag. T8StAWHE agogea(4 tng) S0-100, SUhn Shorinavewee 31pm Salm 200-300Wim $00-800{min)"" (305m) 29-80 Ingustilfoctbes 20-33 ection Dependsion 120-240(tin wa) 60-100 Poss suey omen yom) separson,” 815 prawn process 20-2001 6 sae) Roose fount, (610m) Sie Kacremeis * 200-400(mim)——@BO5ms) [HOO 5 (ggemang. 10-33 Rafigeraion! epardeon Dependeon 60-200(0.8inw.g) 20-60 (eiigemioy& (55m) entiation’ Srierotal " fequremenis— 100-S00(mi?m) (04-0308) ‘Gace locos heating re 13-20. heaing 14-170 30-120(0.6 nw.g) 40-100 6 Ofces (326m) cooing! = 4-8 450-180Win! 50-200(miJh) (205m) Above data ls only for roferanov inthe general occasion. Vitually any enginecting parameter is subject to yoal application1 DURKEESOX® SYSTEMLAYOUT DurkeeSox system layout is mainly applied to air supplying ductwork. Airreturn system doesn’t need to make any modification and should be designed traitionally. The layout Is based on site situation or requirements in HVAC design drawing including AHU location, floor height, aesthetic requirements ete ‘When design the Durkeasox system, the system layout and the location of ait supplying equipment (Fan unit) must be considered at the same time. The iocation of air supplying equipment directly affects the system investment and alr distribution performance. The quantity of duct is preliminarily éeterminate by air volume and single duct length requirements ‘ofthe room, and then arrange the system evenly in the whole indoor space, 1.1General Application Layout 1.1.1 Low Ceiling Design A Offices ‘The offices’ space is low and small. It is recommended to lay out along the wall, beam and column to save the space and increase the aesthetics. For the offices with celing there are two options, one is to choose half round series mounted against Calling in the midale (evenly), he others to choose quarter round series mounted against the wall along avery wall corner (or ‘one side) Low and small space with ceiling, Durkeesox system mounted along the wali comer, inconspicuous and space saving B Cinema, halland auditorium ‘The cinema and hall are mostly sector or rectangle theatre with complicated decoration, where floor height is different. in order nat te damage the integral decoration effect and application effec, the DurkeeSox sysiem is mostly mounted along the ack row or side wal. een ‘The DurkeeSox air duct is mounted along the back row, by which lifts the calling, increases Interior space and reduces the construction ost, compared withthe traditional duct ‘mounted on thetop ofthe ceiling© Factory ‘The floor height is low but workshop area is big. There are a lot of equipments and workers distributed unevenly an the ‘ground. The DurkeeSox" system should be mounted along the assembly line or densely occupied area, to meet the air ‘Supply requirements of both the production process and the working post eo 50x systom was mounted just above the worker's head along assembly line to achieve the most eorsfort at minimum energy cost D Supermarket For the supermarket with low and limited space, due to various pipes mounted on the top and shelves on the ground, storey height is very limited which causes strict requirement on the duct diameter. Its required to equally disperse the air flow by area, evenly arrange pleces of small ducts in the whole area and make sure the Durkeesox system perpendicular to shelves {nd parallel to the lamp area. For main air duct, Durkeesox patented rectangle duct Is recommended. remiss [ 4 hs i i Carrefour the representative of low space - ‘supermarket in china, Branch duct is round Fd profile and its dlametor should be controlled . below 24° main duct is rectangle profile and {is diameter is also contralied below 24” The system design ‘ully met Carrefours requirements and solved some problems.1.1.2 Large Space, High Ceiling Design A Large space factory For large space factory, It is necessary to consider the match of alr return system and alr duet layout use straight duct as passible to improve indoor airflow distribution. Moreover the air duct shauld be mounted along the assembly line fo avotd the Equipment and travelling crane. Due to multerow orifices ang sector diepersion of system which cover more air dispersion area, it's possible to properly reduce the quantity of main duct needed as long as tall equipment has litle effect on the airflow Glistribution and large diameter doesn't influence the aosineties. enact ‘The Durkeesoxalr duct is mounted along the Second-fiocr aisle and just above the assemaiy ine ee [ie CAM AA SECTION . . : 1 The Durkeesox sir duct was mounted along the centerline at the same lifting height a2 Vonfilated. case, it is aesthetical and eonamical orepiace the traditional multiple motel ductsby single Durkeesox duct B Large space design in supermarket For large space storage as Metro, the DurkaeSox system should be perpendicular to the shelves or above the main aisle, and Stranged evenly considering he economy and ariow sistrbution. Teacaprssaniatine ua" ageGymnasium For gymnasium with auditorium, mostly air supply duct is specially Dnificee to make sure the Uniform end alrvelocily in whole auaitorium = oe wf’ designed surrounding the auditorium, with multi-row _ Peet DurkeeSox systom is mounted behind and surrounding auditorium, so as tomake sure the audience's comfort and. match the Integral decoration style, ¢ Ns Fr gymnasium wit lat grid structure, Durkeesox system is dstbuted inside the grid structure as long as there is space Blue DurkeeSox ducts, light in weight, are —- mounted parallel fo each ethers in the grid Structure which is convenient and quick to install for overall project cost saving, Forrof of gymnasium especialy wit large space, is normally grid structure and there isthe bridle path, DurkeeSox system can be ‘mounted along the ether sie ofthe Brale path or insice he gra structure. In this Way there are a tof benefits, such as the space Saving, more aesthatic, easy disassembly and maintenance DurkeeSox_ system is mounted along the underside of the bridle path, which is unser the canopy andon the tap of the auditorium1.2 General Design Guideline for Aesthetic Consideration 1.2.1 Diameter Selection At Different Installation Height And Aesthetic Requirement For system design, Aesthetic would be differont indifferent diameter and installation height. Generally the diamoter of aie duct in installation height, Of course there will be some exceptions depending on real application. Below range typically it with difierent height range. snatteiah Diameter Range 10-13 3-4 12"-18" 305-457 13-16 4-5 18" ~30" 457-762 16-26 5-8 30" ~44" 762-1118 26-39 8-12 4a" 54" 1118-1372 239 212 87" -72" 1372-1829 ‘The design is just right regardless. of height, sijing and color, the perfect combination of 1.2.2 Arc Layout Design ‘esthetics and eect Large-span structure is used more and more in modern architectures. There is grid structure inside with arc, dome or ellipsoid coping, DurkeeSox system can be mounted closed in arc or circular, ovalta maten the architecture style. In ihis way the layout Is aesthetic and air dispersion effect is more uniform. TIPECn ees Durkeosox’ system is mounted along the vault in are shaped layout which is just in harmony with glass&stes! tramo structured root presenting extrarainary aesthetics 1.2.3 Closed Loop Layout Design Inthe occasion with large air volume and high aesthetics requirements, its considered to use closed design, mounted along the closed corner, steal Beam to form closod DurkooSox ductwork. The shape of closure can be consistent with the erass-soctional shape of architecture. The closed design is notonly more aasthetic but also to make air dispersion more uniform and stab, i : = a Swimraing Training Conter The Durkeesox’ system extend simultaneously from the outlets of the air handling unit to two edges af one wall, and than close the loop an ine opposite wall ater running along the comers respectively, thus contributing to tne stableness| and Uniformity of ate Supply1.2.4 Match Design with Interior Decor “The indoor decoration of architecture is more and more individuation. DurkeeSox" system layout can match the decoration and lighting to increase the integral aesthetics ‘a, The ducts of half-round or quarter-round could not be installed against Plaster board celling, especially for suspended celling with various Sculpts, we recommend cutting groove in parallel with tne structure trang orientation of sculpt on the ceiling and installing the Durkeasox” duct Inside the groove, and then identifying deciding the size of exposed part fof the duet to the open celling space according to the site circumstance, in this way, it could not only ad@ beauty to the appearance but also produce better ighting fect (install cold light lamp inside the groove} s EMM Cut a groove with @ width of 31% width on above the ceiling and embed DurkeeSox uct ef 30° dia. Ineido, thus eontributing to the elegant appearance and space Durkeesox aysten bicloney of this apolioation. 'b. While matching with cladding panel ceiling, we recommend cutting Continuous groave with width equal to duct diameter when making ceiling Support and installing half round duct with aluminium alloy track. as. Fesult, teould not only save space but also add beauty tothe appearance. y es 4 Due to the limitation of storey height, we cut 2 ‘2 groove with a width of 300mm on the Coiling situated above the corridor and ‘2mbou DurkeeSox duct inside the groove, ‘contributing to the space efficiency and its, ‘leganey in appearance. CC, We recommend differentiating the application by mathod in accordance with different mesh siza when matching with ridding ceiling. As for gridding ceiling with small sized mesh , please refer tothe installation method for plaster board ceiling {As for gridding ceiling with argo sized mesh, the duct should be installed above the ceiling and laid outin line withthe direction ofthe orifices of DurkeeSox system so that it could totally meet the demand of air supply, Ventilation Air duct is installed above the gridding to match with the ‘colling so. that’ air could ve supplied downward evenly through gridding mesh 25 a result, it will not Gifect finishing and decoration. emmriet Special Large Gridding Ceiling1.3 Special Case Design 1.3.1 Special Fittings Due to speciality of use, make the product install and disassembly more easily and economical. The designer needs to merely considerthe effect of DurkeeSoxsystem and he distance between adjacentairducts,oreduce the numberof aiructsas possible ENMoS een BOCOG reception center does display nobleness though the place is temporary, Besides, so do other nineteen reception Ganters! including Adicas,Cocacola.etc Olympics sponsors reception center 1.3.2 The anti-condensation design of architecture Tho anti-condensation design mentioned here aim atthe architecture structure. Nowadays plenty of glass curtain walls and roofs ‘are used, which bring alot of probleme though Increase the aesthetics, among which Is the condensation of inner surface o! the {lass curtain in winter. The DurkeeSox system increases the orifice blowing tothe glass curtain wall to solve the problem. When Sesignitis considered to mount DurkeeSax system along glass curtain or mountone or more ducts especially for glass curtain, a if Srna ene Condensation prevention is achieved by insaling ‘J urkeesox duct above the swimming poo! h I~ one Durkeosox air duct is installed on the & ~ 4” wo'sidewalls respectively to realize uniform air supply and its. appearance. bleed san perfectly with the decoration style and to Prevent condensation effectively on Sidewall glass curtain2 SHAPE AND DIMENSION DESIGN OF DURKEESOX SYSTEM. 2.1 Shape Design Shape of DurkeeSox Systems selected based on the customer needs and real application requirements Generally speaking, round shape is mainly applied to the architecture with open and high space ; Half Round (D Surface) and {quarter round are mainly applied to the architecture witn low and short space and suspended ceiling; Oblate round is mainly Spplied to the limited low space to solve the layout issue of main dct with larger aiiow, fully embodies the superior [af performance of DurkeeSox air duct peer en Round shape ‘This series is the most common one, mainly applied on the suspension system with galvanized cable and aluminum track. Iris applicable to ‘various Tabrie and air supply made, the applied diameter range from 6" t072 "The inlet diameter of round shape is selected based on the Inlet aif velocity, air volume anc system design roquiroments. Tho Series Is also equipped with standard elbow, T-connector, transition And other standard fitings. Besides this series also can be installed perpendicularly. Flush Mount series Itis mainly applied to the occasions where the air duct is mounted under the coiling or along the wall. There are three kinds of shapes, large half round, half.round (D surface) and quarter round. The averal atfow ‘s delivered to the Indoor through the uct inlet oF the plane at the top along wal or ceiling. When design, it is necessary to fully consider other factors which Eontribute fo the system diameter selection, are shape, dimension and position and numberof the inlet. The inlet dimension becomes smallerif mars than one inlet used Aus 4. Half- round (D) Large half—round ( HD ) Quarter-round (Q) Rectangle air duct series Its mainly applied to limited storey space to help solve the space management issue. of main duct, full play of superiority of DurkeeSox systemt. “According to field conditions, there are various dimensions to satisty the customer requirements thus achieve the most optimized designRee res a B 2.2 Diameter Selection Diameter selection is related tothe air velocity and pressure in duct. When air velocity and pressure don't match, air duct is possible to turbulence, accordingly influence the actual air Gispersion effect. Below is the schematic of the relation ‘among pressure, turbulence and alt velocity we got through experiment 2900 a8 = g y 2 aa) Atel ‘Static pressure in duct (nwo. ) Figure 1; wit the higher velocity and the lower pressure the bigger turbulence is, namely turbulence Is related to the ratio of air velocity to pressure, the bigger ratio, the bigger turbulence - Moreover higher air velocity would increase the system noise, The Bir velocityin the DurkeeSox system can be selecied based on the curve. Hereby we can calculate specific diameter according to air volume. Diameter range: : 612mm) - 72"(1820mM) , The clameter i related to ai volume ancl system inlet ar velocity Formula; g=v-1-Di/4 mere: Ga volume of single duct vot velecly_0—dametor In order to ensure the intersection point fair velocty and pressure inthe duct within the safety zone ofthe turbulenes risk schematic, considering the noise caused by higher air velocity and negative pressure and other factors, ill air velocity of DurkeeSox system is: General straight duct suggest tobe ess how suggested to beless than Bais “T.eonnecor suggested tbe less than 8s than ve = = f half round dct suggested o be conte in lange ha round duct sugested 1 be oss rectangle duc suggested obo loss tan Bis tnerange rom 8107 than Bris If ameter is excessively big and instalation room is nck encugh, tis suggested fo use rectangle ductor dhe tbe syst ino a few sma ducts Is necessary to port out that f use sox sofware DurkeeSox onmed, afer you putin volume and a velodly, the software cacty craw the ‘duct wth conesponding dameter isox'design software2.2.1 Round Given the system air volume, select appropriate inlet air velocity according to application requirements, then determine the diameter based on below able Graph of round duct diameter seletction Dia Inlet velocty ( FPM) ‘mo in_mm 1400 1600 1800 ‘re 12274313362 - a 03498 556025 on 10254760 869977, ae 12205 10981251 1407 on 4356 1490 1701915 ve 16406 1946 2224 2502 uo 18 45724632814 3166 om 20_s08 0403475 000 te 22559-3679 4206 4730 a 24610 4378 5003 5629) a 266606138 58726605 oo 287115959 68107661 inte 30762 eset 7018 075 rd 3281377838805 10007 oe 348648786 1004111297 aa 96914 9850 11258 12885 oe 3896510978 1254314111 ms 401016 12161 138981506 =m 421067 13407 18323 17258 x 411814715 16817 10919 en ; 61168 16083 18360 70678 Palla ry prea aa ge 48121917512 2001322815 301270 19002 21716 24431 a 521321 20562 20408 26424 Ses 54137222163 25330 26496 56142225836 27241 30066 58147325568 20221 2874 60152427362 31271 35180 62157520217 33391 37564 641626 31732 35580 40027 661676 _aai08 37838 42568 681727 35145 40168 45187 701778 3724342563 47884 721829 39402 4503050859 uct fm)2.2.2 Large Half-Round Large Half-round shape DurkeeSox air duct system is applied in closed ceiling places with large airflow volumes: there is small difference in diameter selection between large hall-rouné and cound DurkeeSox system, Firsly, we must select inlet position on the top or atthe end.(as figure 1, figure 2 shown). Secondly dotermine iniot ait volume. if more than one inlet is chosen on the tap position, Every inlet aitiow volume is delined as total ait volume divided by number of toal inlets. And then as shown on the table below, To determine the inet diameter according tothe required inlet aie velocity and inlet alc volume. Dia Inlet volocityiFPM) in__mm 1200 1400 1600 6152185216 247 8203331386 44 10254 518 604 690 « End inlet velocity1200-1600FPM Topinlet velocity 1200-1400FPM 2305. 746 871-995 Graph of large half round duct diameter seletction 143561017 11081356 16406 132215431768 ane 184571676 19552734 “= 2050820712416 2761 sem 2255925072925 3949 Se 24610 2985 3484 9981 = 286503495 4078 4600 = 2a 711 4056 _4732_s408 ren 3076246595435 6212 on 92613 30461887071 aS 34868 5900 69887996 Soe 36914 67037820 8938 ine 3896574728717 9902 a 401016 6282 960311044 ‘sas 321067 9135 10858 12100 te 441118 1002911701 13372 — 48116810940 42771 14595 = 4g 1219 1192319910 15897 = 501270 12942 15008 17265 = 52_19321 14002 16335 18669 te 541372 1610417621 20138 pe 561422 16225 18929 21633, ren) or ae Teme @ 38147917409 20311 23212 01524 18636 21742 24848 fied duet mn airflow velocity {lm )2.2.3 Half Round Half-round shape DurkeeSox system is applied in closed ceiling with lower space installed against a wall or ceiling. there is smal dfferenea in diameter selection between hall-;ound and found DurkeeSox systom, Firsly, we must select inet position Gn the top or atthe end. Secondly determine Inlet air volume, more than one inlets chosen on the top position. Every inlet aiflow volume is defined as total air volume divided by number of total inlets. And then as shown on the lable below, To datermine the inlet diameter according a the raquired inl at velceity and inlet air volume, in mm 3203171 ~~—208 240 10254268 322875 1230538746484 4356527632737 16 406 085822959 18457968 10421215 20 S08 1072 1287 _1501 1 225591209 +1558 1818 Graph of half round duct diameter seletction 246101546 +1856 2165 ; 26660 1810-2172 2534 ony 28711 21012521294 = 30762 2413 2896 9378 pS 3281327479296 9846 = 34866 310237234343 vex 3691434724166 4864 i 38965 387046445418 a 401016 4290 5148 6006 421067 47315678 6524 ne 41118 519562337272 ee 4611685670 68037937 nee 481219 61757411 _ 9646 wwe 501270 6703 8044 9384 = 5213217252 8703 _ 10153, ae S4__1372 7823 9388 10952 od 561422 8404 10084 11765, 5814739017 10821 12624, cat 601524 9652 11583 13513 iow volume in specified duct ‘and airflow velocity (cfm)eres 2.2.4 Quarter Round There is hardly any difference in Diameter selection between half round and quarter round system. Datermine the inlet diameter agcording to requfed inet a veloety and inlet air volume: Aller determine the nit mension, you can determine he ameter ‘of quarter round system aceording to below table. Graph of quarter round duct diameter seletction a Dia Inlet veloeity( FEM) er in__mm 12001400 _ 1600 e182 68687 oe 320310312037 10254 161188214 me 12305 232271309 14356 316369421 ss e406 411400 sa 1845721608684 20 508643751658 i 22859779909 —1039 246109281082 ~—*1237 wn 26 66010861267 1448 2a 711 126114711684 00 307621448 1689 1930 a2 613 164810232198 ae 486418012172 2482 a6 014 2083 24302777 = a8 965 2822-2708 3096 401016 25743009 9432 421067 283933129785, 441118 31173636 4156, 45 116834023060 4536, co 4812193705 4323, 501270 4022 4692 5213214381 _ 5077 541372 4604 5476 561422 6042 5882 58 147384106312 so 152467916757 t oo inlet aiow volume inspected duet diameter andairiiow veloety (elm) Cech ae one pec herr eae ve Ine # SPP OPES HEEL EFS2.2.5 Rectangle Duct Jie volume of rectangle duct is proportional to cross-sectional area. When cross-sectional area is unchanged, there are Giferent aspect ratios to be selected. In principle the bigger aspects raliois the lower air velocity Is. Graph of rectangle duct dimension selection Dimension{in) Inlet velociy(FPM a Lengh Width 4200 1400 1700, ae 3216 41944803 5941 we 26204260 49706035, oe 2422 433260856138. a 2224 5055 = 4818 6288 7336. — 402065587651 ee 3622 64927574 a2 2463017361 a 6018 #4910324 12536 = 5220 8526 9948 12078 = ‘4@__22 8658 10701 12265, = 248665 1010912276 181062012390 15045 0 2010495 12244 14868 = 221082412628 15335, a 2410634 12406 15065, as 181207816141 18385 2013116 1530210581 2212901 15166 18404 = 2412602 1470317854 on 0018 1474917207 20894 a 92 20 1508417598 21360 = 8022 1449216838 20466 a0 762414959 1745221191 v 31218 16520 1927323403, — Jos_20 1705319805 24158 a 92 22 1650919365 23515 Sat 882417322 20208 24541 KS 3182019244 22668 27406 70422 1876521892 26584 = ‘96 24 18896 22085 26768 ad 3282020655 24097 20261 = 41822 21286 24834 30156 - 30824 2126024803 30118 4282424002 20035 35196 te 31228 25701 20985 36411 96 3225184 20382 35678 14328 33498 30081 47455 136 30 32067 38450 46689 yea a2 33006 38665 40829 eg] eet i; PEELE ELLE GE iameter ang aiiow velocity (cfm) Cee nt b3 SYSTEM STANDARD FITTINGS DESIGN Considering the multiplicity of DurkeeSox system layout, we offer various fitings and components by special materials made. These fitings can be connected and installed easily and simply, moreover, and all these fitings can be Automatically generated on design drawing by DurkeeSox latest developed patented software ISOX-design. Greatly feduce the design drawing procedures. a Ee coare Ey 3.1 General Fittings Inlet Connection Generally, use single layer or double layer inlet to cover on outlet of metal duct fixed with belt, vetted. For double layer inlet, only fixes the inside layer, the cuter ayer {$U3e0 19 cover Up and remove to for washing, End Use end cap, join wth duct by zipper, easier to change for washing or extend. u | Employ fixed end, to seam at end becoming a part of duct Zipper Connection Join among straight duct, fitings, and components, similar to conventional used ttange. Nanosox®uses concealed zipper, covered by a sleeve from outside. Dia 2ip spacing a2 152-813 10 34.52 864-1321 26 54-72 1972-1829 206 Eloow's standard centerine radius is 1.5 x Dia, The elbow consists of multiple gores, different angle meets aifferent application requirements, Transition-V Connect ducts with differant diameter. Bottom flat: more aesthetic Concentrate: batter aitfiow oan Top fat: easier to install Deliver the airiow to branch ducts which are, Perpencicular to main duct. Connected by Eipper with main ducts,3.2 Special Fittings 3.3 Functional Fittings Yinlet-Y Connect two outlets of AHL to one duct Elbow inlet-1E Connect fabric duet inlet with elbows T-connector inlet-IT Connect fabric duct inlet with T-connecte ‘Square to round inlet-SR Gonneet conventional square matal duct to round fabric duct Transition lbow-EV Connect elbows in different diameter Bevel transition-BV ‘connect uneven ducts with different diameters. Bevel end-BC Disperse Inthe bevel end of duct joward all directions, Specialized design for practical case Tension ring-TW supporting use, fixed inside duct to produce aesthetic apes elbows, ete special aceasions vance, applled to upeight Wall pass through-TR ‘A component to resolve through wall problem, employs tension ring and certain length of duct {ofixin the hole of wall and seal the gap between, then connect both ends with duct by zippers. Expansion segment-ES Connected between two sections, Fold one end in airflow direction, fixed by hasp from outside, Contributing to certain flexibility in length Roce ls4 AIRSUPPLY PRESSURE CALCULATION The factors which influence the pressure of DurkeeSox system include inlet state pressure, valocity pressure and frictional preseure lose. In DurkeeSox system velocity preesure converte {o static prassure along length direction, called stalle pressure Fogain. Frictional pressure loss and local resistance loss caused by fitings are called pressure loss for short. So average static Pressure in the duct can be considered fo be composed of three portions init state pressure, stall pressure Tegain 20d Bressure loss Inlet Static Pressure Inlet static pressure is generally determined by AHU, If AHU is not directly connected to air duct system, inlet static pressure is Bale pressure of the direct connector of urkaeSox sir duct. If ANU is drecty connected fo alr due system, nit sate pressure is ine Stati prassure of AHL. Generally speaking, end stalic pressure shauld be more than 70 pa, but t Gepencs on engineering condions. Baseg ona great deal of engineering experiences, we recommend optimized pressure graient reference of ar duct indiferent heights (a full appropriate at veloc ty nthe applied area, 2s below Hiahity 8 15 18 145 165 1958S Inlet static prossueinwg) 0.28 048 08 072 08 1 Tar A ae ‘Above data is arly or reference inthe general occasion. Virtualy any engineoring parameter is subject to real application Static pressure regain Due to sealed end af DurkesSox systam, at velocity becomes lowar and lower along the length direction of DurkeaSox syst that is velocity pressure becomes lowe or alochy sroseire Converts io stake pressure. namely static pressure Becomes bigger and bigg ‘The total static pressure regain converted from in velocity pressure is: 41,29xInlet velocity® 2 ‘Since air velocity in ducts generally only 1400-1800FPM, static pressure regain which converts from velocity pressure is only in 043-014 wa. For OurkaeSox system, there is prassure loss caused by friction and local resistance along the length direction. Since pressure Togs is propartional fo air velocity when airiow is becoming smaller and smaller, resistance [oss decreases coniinuously At ite ame time there is local resistance loss in every standard part and outlet of alr duct. In DurkeeSox systom tnore is mainly straight Suet, few T-connector, elbow and transition, so generally he loss Is mainly fiction loss. Friction loss of alr flaw in constant cross= Section duct is ealculaiod by following formula Static pressure regain = fle velocity press vp poo k Men t-—rictontactor; 8 —Avetage sevelosiyinduct; fT —Denstyotete | Length of iret; ¢ —Diamoter round duct Friction factor isnot constant, andi is etatedt flow conditions in duct and roughness of ait duct wal 1 K 251 aig A 425 Grd Rel According to comprehensive research on fabric msterial and DurkeeSox system. friction factor is not more than 0.028 (about 6,018 for metal duct). Because round series of DurkeeSox system! Is mostly applied and there are orifices siong the lenglh iroction, average air volocity in ducts 1/2 of inlot velocity. Thus friction lose is much fess than metal duct. According to engineering experience Straight duet, ae follows: (On-way rosistance/Cuve of ar velocity ‘we summarize the friction loss value for eifferent inlet velocity and different duet length in Frictional pressure oss nw. Air elooty of straight duc FPM [—crcuve recive oar cuve4.1 Pressure calculation in duct 4.1.1 Pressure calculat n for straight duct Since there is no local resistance loss in straight duct, pressure of the DurkeeSox system is composed of three portions, static pressure, velocity pressure ana frictional pressure loss. Of which relation belwean static pressure Fegain and fictional pressure loss plays a major role. In mast cases in DurkeeSox system, static pressure value from Stall prassure regain 's larger than frictional pressure loss value. [As mentioned above, caloulated pressure in straight duct can overcome frictional pressure loss to achieve ideal aiflow aistibution. Theoretically straight duct can be regarded as stalic pleaum box. bul static pressure is impossible to be consistant everywhere in straight duct, At tie antrance veloc ty presaure is no change. static pressure s inlet static pressure. Gradually velocity pressure converts to static pressure, and reaches its maximum at {he end, thie Value is vector sum of inlet static pressure, stale praseure regain and reaietance caused pressure lors, End static pressure = inlet static pressure + static pressure regain-pressure loss ( Pr=Ps+Prs-Pz ) ‘Average pressure of ducts namely average value of net static pressure and end static pressure ts principle is shown in he following chart Ps-intet static pressure Pr—Ena static pressure (way Prs Static pressure regain 06 ‘d= Inlet velocity pressure z~ Frictional pressure loss 0.48 {As calculation method of static pressure regain mentioned above. when inlet at velocity svaight duct fs 1BOOFPM, sta pressure regan isin 0.21 wg. When net sir velocity stright duct © M400FPM, static pressure regain i n0.13 wg. Hereby me can tink, ‘a minimum of static pressure regain in siraight duct of DurkeoSax system Is around in 0.12 wg, and fictional pressure ss is very small Example A factors warehouse, area is 240082, 2 LWHA 180 ting type indoor AHU used, sr volume ie 8S20CFM, inlet aresaure ie 1 a8 DurkeoSox system used, dater 30° length 47.2 elevation on the top of dt i 35.1 For DurkeeSox system, actual inlet air velocity is VeL/S=8530/ (30/2/12) = 1738FPM Average air velocty in the duct is regarded as; V" =Vvia~869rPM. static precaure regain, Pre=t.29V'12=0.20%(n wa, Frictional pressure loss; Pza0.024 (0) K2da0.028(n w.9,) Inlet static pressure, Ps=t-Pd=0.798(in wa.) End static pressure; Pra(1-Po)+Prs-P2=0 877(n 9.) ‘Then preseure ference between end and inlet slatio pressure iP! =Pr-P. 179(n we.) Pressure diference accounts for 18.3% of inlet static pressure, ‘According to the summary to a great deal of engineering exnerience, when the propartion of pressure difference to inlet Satie pressure is less than 10%, we can approximately consider air dispersion uniform along the length direction of BurkeaSox systom. So for this warehouse project, the praporion of pressure difference to inlet static pressuras is more than 10%, PAD (PAD introduction see Page 25 ), a pressure balance device, shauld be installed in the duct to balance Sialic pressure in whole duct. As shown in the following illustration, after balance. the maximum pressure difference is In 0.4 w.g. inthe whole DurkeeSox system, the proportion of pressure difference to inlt static pressures less than 10%, os es et _ A Enc os 05505 056 et] TE enc4.1.2 Complicated System Pressure Calculation A sot of complicated DurkeeSox system generally includes a main duct and some branch ducts, elbows, transitions, 7 connectors, stall pressure plenum box and more. Except frictional pressure loss, there is focal resistance caused pressure loss, When calculating the complicated DurkeeSox system, select the most disadvantaged loop, calculate the frictional pressure loss and local resistance caused pressure loss respectively and then sum Doth, namely overall esistance caused pressure lose Hereby minimum inlet stale pressure can be calculate. According to the farmula introduced before we can conclude the calculation methad for fictional prassure loss. So in fallowing pari we wil mainly introduce local pressure lose calculation of fitings Whan aitiaw goss through elbows, transitions, T= Gonnectors and other filings. cross section of flow direction changes which causes corresponding local pressure lose as rational aie duck 2. Lacal pressure oss &: Local resistance tactormainy trom experiment, similar wit tradonal cts) Density ofairs v= arvelooty In order to reduce local pressure oss of QurkeeSox system, we generally optimize the desi 4) Synihesize vanous factors lo select diameter, reduce ar velosly inthe uct a= possible 2 Optize the specia-shaped tings design: averd arflaw direction from changing too abrupty and section from changing too fas ‘According to engineering experience, we summarize local resistance value offiings and components of DurkeeSox system as below table (omen air veloc Is 1600FPMY lbow (curvature=1] GansiantT-connectar ‘Transition ( reducing angle30) Plenum ox Ind.04 wg. in0.05w.g. Ind.o12w.g. ino.18.9 Take a supermarket as an example: The supermarket, alr volume of AHU is 212000mn, select number AHU- i4-air handing unit system, main duct’s dimension ts 79°"24", five branch ducis, diameter of each branch dct le 22° Select tha longest and most disadvantaged loop as calculation basis, a2fts main duct and 67-6 fts branch duct, Pictional pressure loss calculation is as below Hain duct: Batts, 79°*24", equivalent diameters +2 - 002410 w9 Ayn) anaes Ravn, _o.uraeat.2 *67.6-0.034 inws, a2 ara Loca resistance caused pressure loss calculation Thvough T-junction, pressure oss fr main duct Is Z,= 0.45 ( QQ ) “pV2 ‘Through T-connecton, pressure lose far branch duct caused by fost drection changa is? =f°pV"I2 For farthest branch duct required state pressure = 0.8 mw. (oufet al pressure at 115s height) + 0.024 in wp itional pressure lass ‘ofmain duct * 0.034 in wg. (tional pressure loss of branch duct) + 0.02 wg | pressure loss of main duct Section by T-connection ) * 0.06 law 9, (pressure loss of branch Buc seeion ay Tyunction ) Pressure requyed forthe most disadvantaged ope is 1.02 1 wg. So AHL pressure shal be atleast mare than 1.2 w.g. (lal pressure) \When the systom is runing , pressure in each branch duct equals to pressure in main duct before T-cannection minus local pcessure loss by Teonnecion Prosar man duct PeneP total prossure)-P,M (pressure loss of main duct by T-connection)-P2jon-ay resistance caused pressure less) Likewise, statis pressure rogain alo exists inthe complicated system End static pressure in main duct section = 1-02 nwa int preseure -P, H{pressure loss of main duct by T-connaction)-P2{ frictional pressure lasstPra(eatic pressure regain)=i.02- 002s5 - 6024 +0.2=7.006 nw. Eh static pressure in proximal branch duci=1.02 - 0,06 ( T-connecton caused prossure oss ) 26in wg, Thus fr complicated system, calculate the inlet pressure based on resistance calculation of most dlsadvantaged loop a the same time consider oulet ai pressure, clonal pressure los of main duct and branch duct, varus local pressive loss, Accutatly calculate te \rork prescure of each branch suct refering ta main duct pressure at T-connection, similar as pressure dsirbution of long straight duct, bulged to minus local pressure loss eaused by afiow direction change, In order to balance the ar volume and at prossure of each Branch duct use the ACD and consider the rato of fel state pressure to veloc pressure. the bigger the rato is, more uniform pressure dstrostion of Branen duct wil bs5 AIRFLOW DISPERSION DESIGN Boore designing ar dispersion of DurkoeSox system, is necessary to understand the allow cistrbution principle. / 5.1 Air Dispersion Model Selection According to engineering requirements, space, height and heating/cooling mode and more, tere ar citferent ait dispersion ‘madals tobe selected for DurkeeSox system to meet customers! requirements: ts pinciples areas folows: PP) PM-100% Permeation Model ‘Tho systom is made fom fabric with 100% large permeabily only. Allow is dispersed to occupied area through fabric permeation wth very low velocity (to 20 FPM), draught fee and no condensation. Miia EJ-100% Injection Model ‘The system ie made from ner-porous fabric without permaabilty. There are onfices an the surface of fabric duct, through which aiflow is disperses towards specifi direction with high speed, far throw and even airflow. ih PS-Permeation With Slots Model ‘The system is made fram lower permeable fabrics with specific alr dispersion slots along the langth direction. It integrates two advantages, petmeation and direcional ai dispersion, PE-Permeation With Injection Model ‘The system is made from the lowest permeable fabric with designed oxfices on the duct, It integrates two advantages, permeation and directional air supplyingSOT eons ete g 5.2 Air Dispersion Design Design the details by professional design software DurkeeSox ownel! and patented especialy for fabric at digpersion system, which Includes designing permsabie volume, type, dimension, number and directon of sits or orifices, DurkeeSox enginooring technology center is responsible for this par, 5.2.1 Even Air Dispersion Principle 5.2.1.1 Even Air Dispersion Duct Design Principle When sir ows inthe air duct, static pessure perpendicularly acts on the dct wall. the orifce fs opened on the sidewall, ir will be dispersed perpendicularly to the duct wall due To intemal and extemal pressure diffrence of the ofice. ne PP , ‘ichow Velocity caused by static prossure diference: "yy"! Air velocity in air duct is~ "5°! P, state air prassure in ducts Py —velosity air pressure in duct: ition rection out of entices: langle between aif and axes of uct 19a = ‘Therefore, when air discharges through the orifice, its actual velocity and direction not only depend on velocity caused by statle pressure, but also are affected by airflow velocity in the duct, as shown in the following chart. Under the influence of airflow velocity in the duct, orifices dispersion direction will defect, actual velocity is resultant speed. For rectangle duct with Gonstant section and slots model, velocity distribution at the ovlice 18.28 follows. In alr supplying duct, sifiow decreases continually from start to end, velocily pressure decreases correspondingly. static pressure increases, which makes slots/orifices outlet velocity increase continually [As the following chart, when air velocity in the ductis all he same Pressure no2w9. Pressueinowa Pressure in dé wa 5.2.12 Basis Conditions for Even Air Dispersion a 36004: fv sina v= 340090 2P Py Static pressure 1: flow coefficient a outflow angle From the formula we know, for uniform air duct with constant side-hole area, in order to Keep the same supplying airflow rate {or each side hole, itis necessary to ensure the same static pressure and flow coefficient for each side hole. And make the urflow perpendicular tothe hala as possible, meaning of ouflow angle is clase to 90 degree. Those requirements can be met by betow methods: —Keop the same static pressure foreach side hole, namely velocty pressure drop between two adjacent side holes equals 0 resistance caused pressure drop between two sie holes —keep the same flow coefficient for each side hole, ow coefficient is related to hole shape, oufow angle and rato of air valume after andotore the hole 14/1 ~ 4) When q mi - Lv =0.1 ~015 tis approximately Ht =0.6 is constant. —ineroase outiow angio In air duct, the bigger the ratio of stale pressure ta velocy pressure is, the bigger outflow angle is, the mare the outfiow direction is close to perpendicular; when the ratio is smaller, outow direction wil defect to one direction, al his ime even i air volume is the same for each side hole, it stil a's to realize unorm air supplying. To mainiain (=60" ), we shal ensure #4 >30 1/2173 ) namely, the pressure value is larger than 0.48 in w.9(120P) bette.5.2.1.3. Even Air Dispersion Model Air dispersion models can be divided into two parts, permeation model and Ejaction model. With these two kinds of 2 dispersion models DurkeeSox air dispersion system covers twa kinds af ventlation made, displacement vention and Compound ventilation. How do these two kinds oF air dispersion madels ensure DurkeeSox alr dispersion system realizing ven aie supplying? It willbe analyzed respectively in the following. AA: Permeable air dispersion model Uniform air supply is long-time stability and consistency of supply air velocity and air volume in the whole air supply area, For permeable air dispersion model of DurkeeSox system, itis no doubt thal both alr velocity and air volume are stable and the Eonsistency is to ensure uniform and stable permeability of ir duct material can be guarantaed by high quality imported material of DurkeeSox system fo achieve even alr permeable supplying. B : Ejection mode! Election model s the orifices which are linearly, evenly and densely covered on the surface of DurkeeSox system. its effect And principla is similar to diffusers of teaditional air duct. To realize uniform air supplying is to require static pressure to be Uinvform along the length direction. In fact due ta static pressure rogaln, ond static proasure Is normally large than inlet static pressure, which causes ait flow unevenly distributes along the fengih direction. inlet airflow is less than end alr low. Aim al this condition DurkeeSex develops patented component PAD, Pressure adjusiment device, which is used to balance static pressure in he duct and makes static pressure uniform along the length direction, s0 as lo realize tne uniform air SUppIVINg PAD is introduced on DurkaeSax components part, page 251n detail PAD Pressure adjustment devico When two air dispersion models act together or separately, the most ideal and uniform sudlace alr supply in current technical Conditions can be realized which effectively solves Iwo problems: uneven air supply of tradiional point ia point alr supply ang ‘Sxpensive cost of surface air supply. In order to prove that OurkeeSox design supplies uniform alr supply for every project, we ‘can provide professional GFD computer-aided design and simulation, Through CFD application. the software can display and analyze the airflow in closed space, predict the effect in a short time ‘and through changing various parameters 10 achieve the best air supply effect. CFO numerical simulation makes Us Understand the mechanism of he prablem more intultively. Here we wil introduce a case about CFD oumerical simulation of airflow feldin a Work shop, the details are as following: This workshop produces precision components with high requirements on air velocity and temperatura in the working area, at the same time t requires to form air curtain outside the working area which effectively isolates the ador and oll equipments ‘braduce on Both sides of workbench. The elevation diagram ofthe location ic This figure shows air supply condition of jot halos in four directions. Though air velocity is very high at ejection holes, more than 22.8fts fed area), airflow begins “setlement and ‘entrainment rapidly under air duct. Ar velocity fof whole space drops to about 100 FPM, thus Ereatoe a comlortable stork environment. Just below ait duct there i obvious higher speed aillow on workbench, as selected point in the gure, 140FPM (light bue), and form ale curtain to effectively isolate neat and odor from the ‘Squipment. tet holes inthe direction of 9°90 anc 5:80" disperse the sir to lateral of equipments and the air arrives upper return air intake iatlowing the return ai Build mathematic model input all the parameters gat he calaulaind result The figure obviously shows low-temperature zone, the work area below the air duct, 88 F(20 C) (blue). tomperature of equipments and walle is above 77 F(25 Cdue to heat transfer with outside (orange and red), temperature of lateral of equipment is quite high due to far away fram air outlet, a8 selected point in the figure, 73.5 F(23 C) (green); because there is maintenance channel outside the equipmont which workers occasionally go through, there is unnecessary 10 favige the design to supply air to the area alone. Therefore, DurkeeSox system dosign totally sallsties application requirement, air disporsion effect Is efield asecion plane guaranteed. Curve o temper5.2.2 Air Dispersion System Design Processure Take an actual motor engine plantas an example, ate ishing layout {design and height design, ar clapersion design provecute isa folows A Determine the range and area needed to contral according to the profile of height design Generally according to uniform layout principle, midline of two ‘adjacent DurkeeSox air ducts is regarded as boundary. Based on ‘engineering concitions, divide the area by airflow of every duct and plane layout to make airflow distribu Height of comfort ares namely air supply height is selected based jan even as possible ‘on application requirements (refer to design code), generally 5~6 fis for comfort air conditioning B Determine opening direction According to divided area, draw orifices direction and selact rows of requited opening. Since there is diffraction for orifices, orifices direction can nat aireclly paint to boundary but 5-10 fs set aside for difraction distance. The direction of throw can be determined ‘according to the location of anfices direction line in drawn clock Determine air volume distribute Alt the orifices direction, rows and throw range of every duct fre determinad, the propartion of airflow valume dispersed from tnifices can be determined according to the proportion af area every row of ofices caver, and marked on the According to actual situation and special requirements of application, DurkeeSox system selects the fabric with proper permeability to get proper permeated air volume, and then according to total air volume calculates sir volume by prifices(detailed calculation me E Determine orifice drows 'SOX-manufactory, patented by DurkeeSox Company, is air dispersion design software especially for fabric ar distribution system, At thi time all required input data for the software have been determined. The following is the final design phase ition: determine orifice sizes and rows. This step is directly completed by the software and input to automatic praduct line for praduction. A set of completed DurkeeSox system design has been finished. before prod5.2.3 Permeated Airflow Calculation ‘There is a wide range of permeability for Fabric of DurkeeSox system, When static pressure Is in 0.5 w.g.. permeability of DurkeeSox system ranges from 0-32efmift”( 0- 579m /nr/h ). (0 meet the requirements of various types of engineering oleets in fabric permeability, One ofthe features of fabric air dlaribution systems that air valume of the system Is supplied ta the working area through two waye: one is permeation of fabric material, the ather Is evenly distributed arifleas around air ‘duet (main channel). Generally a volume through permeation is ust Used lo prevent condeneation, accounts for 8% - 10% ‘of total system air volume or less (except 100% permeation model). If permeated sir volume has excessive energy ‘exchanged with surrounding environment, it would cause certain waste in high space. Generally according 10 requirements of ‘itferent environments and alr supplying temperature, we will select proper permeability (the ratio of permeated air volume to {otal system air volume) ‘When 100% permeation model Is used in the system. air volume Qfabricdispersed through fabric permeation, is basically system air volume. Airis all dispersed to indoor space through fabric permeation, Airflow through fabric: Qu.eFP X SAX (APIO.S) Fp"—Fabric permeation, Q. About fabric permeabiity, we analyze and test material wih diferent permeation under diferent system pressure, detals are as follows: \When pressure in the standard condition increases from in 0.51.4 wa, Fare pormeaility /Corve ot preesoe charge Permeability changes to 2.3-2.8 timos ofthe orginal —Airflow through fabric, Sa—Supply area, Ap—Average Pressure 5 a 1 ° 0S 08 08 1 12 M4 te 18 2 For example: A gymnasium Diletenceereenue i943 1 Equipment parameters Air volume ts 8820CFM, int static pressure Is 14 in wg. instalation helght is 46, lameter of selected DurkeeSox ai uct i 92, length is 1217s, only one duct Permeablty—pressure increases from standard 0.5w.g. to 1.4v.g.. pormeabilly increases to 23 to 2.8 Umes of orginal Option 4 Fabric permeabily is 0 Acimt® when static pressure 0.5.9. Q=0.4x2.8 x1018.52m? =1142CFM, PPermoated air volume accounts fr 12.7% of otal system at volume, ation 2 Fabric pormesbily is 2chrt? when static pressure in 0.5 w.. Q=2x 28 x1010.52m? = B7OOCFM, Permeated air valume accounts fr 64.7% of total system air volume, ‘The gymnasium is large space, of which ar supply pressure is high and air throw i far. so permeation ratios controlled within 20%. Namely select the fabric permeability 0.4.0.6ctrvft* when static pressure isin 0.5 9, Otherwise, if select option 2, high permeability vill cause a great deal of coving air consumed in upper space and cculdnt be supplied to working area, temperature gradient ‘couldnt meet design requirements. At tho same time when malarial permeabilty is out of control and eiices stay the same, it diracty ‘causes air duct prossure released and pressure in the duct i ar lass than designed value, in 1.4 wig. bus ae row wauld be greatly ‘Shortened, air duet could not be inated sufficiently. ‘To sum up, for large space project itis better to select DurkeeSox air duct made rom fabric of which permeabily i leas than 0.Scfmi ‘only inthis way we can assure the air dispersion effec and meat actual engineering needs. So we suggest marking selected fabre's rmakimam of minimum permeabilty in equipment parameters table when releasing ie design drawing, 5.2.4 Orifice Airflow Calculation ‘Ac volume supplied to indoor space through openings of every segment Want = Qt= Qiore 0.4) —airvulume by orfices, Gt —to For permeation with slots model or ejection mode, designed air volume dispersed through fabric permeation is relatively ema iis possbie to select diferent permeabity finally won futher design. Aiow is supplied to indoor space mainly through rices or slo