D EPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINSTRATIO N

A
RESEARCH REPORT
ON
EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY
PROCEDURE AT ULTRATECH CEMENT
SESSION- 2021-24

SUBMITTED TO
DR. ATUL PANDEY
PROFESSOR IN CHARGE (BBA PROGRAMME)
GUIDED BY SUBMITTED BY
DR. SHWETA HOTWANI RITIK SONDHIYA
(BBA FACULTY) Vth SEM (HR)
 DECLARATION

I Ritik Sondhiya, hereby declare that the research report entitled “A STUDY ON
EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURE AT ULTRATECH
CEMENT” has been submitted by me under the partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Business
Administration Program at Department of Business Administration, Awadhesh Pratap Singh
University, Rewa (M.P) in the supervision of Dr. Shweta Hotwani ma’am (BBA Faculty).
I assert that the statements made, and conclusions drawn are an outcome of my research work. I
have followed all the guidelines provided by the university in writing the project.
I further declare that the work submitted is done solely by me and to the best of knowledge, no
such work has been submitted by anyone for the award of under/post-graduation degree or
diploma. However, extracts of any literature and the information collected by various secondary
sources has been duly acknowledged in this project report.
RITIK SONDHIYA
HUMAN RESOURCES
5TH SEMESTER, B.B.A
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompanies the successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without mentioning the names of the people who made it possible, whose constant
guidance and encouragement crown all efforts with success.
I would like to give sincere thanks to all people who have guided, inspired helped me in the
successful completion of this project. I owe a debt of gratitude to all of them, who were so generous
with their time and expertise.
I would like to give gratitude and thanks to Prof. Atul Pandey, Professor in-charge, Bachelor of
Business Administration Program, Department of Business Administration, Awadhesh
Pratap Singh University, Rewa for his constant inspiration to complete my Project Report.
I am highly indebted and thankful to Dr. Shweta Hotwani, BBA Faculty who as my guide was a
constant source of inspiration and encouragement to me. The strong interest evinced by her helped
in dealing with the problems I faced during the course of this project work. I express my profound
sense of gratitude to her for her timely help and co-operation in completing the project.
I also want to extend my sincere gratitude to all the faculty members of D.B.A, all the non-teaching
staff and my friends, who helped me a lot directly or indirectly.
RITIK SONDHIYA
ROLL NUMBER- 2155100093
B.B.A (5TH SEMESTER)
HUMAN RESOURCES
 PREFACE

Health and safety in cement manufacturing is crucial to protect workers from potential hazards
such as dust exposure, chemical risks, and physical injuries. Proper safety measures not only
ensure the well-being of employees but also contribute to increased productivity and compliance
with regulatory standards. Minimizing accidents and maintaining a healthy work environment in
cement manufacturing are essential for sustainable and responsible industrial practices.
The attitude of employees towards health and safety procedures is vital as it directly influences
workplace safety. Positive attitudes foster a culture of awareness and compliance, reducing the
likelihood of accidents and injuries. When employees prioritize health and safety, it enhances
teamwork, productivity, and overall job satisfaction. Moreover, a proactive attitude helps in the
effective implementation of safety protocols, creating a safer work environment and contributing
to the long-term well-being of both individuals and the organization.
The main purpose of this research is to study the effectiveness of health and safety procedures at
UltraTech. The report is divided into Eight chapters where chapter 1 presents a brief introduction
of the topic and its dimension. Chapter 2 presents the literature that has been received by research
for analyzing the gap. Chapter 3 encompasses the objectives of the study. Chapter 4 highlights the
methodology adopted by the research which includes sources of data collection, sampling details,
tools for data analysis and presentation. Chapter 5 presents data analysis and interpretation, as
chapter 6 encompasses findings and discussion, and the last chapter 7 is on suggestion and chapter
8 about conclusion.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

CONTANT

Page No.

Declaration I

Achnoledgement ii

preface iii

Introduction 01-11
Chapter 1 1.1 Company profile 12-13

Chapter 2 Literature review 14-17

Chapter 3 Objective of the study 18

Chapter 4 Research methodology 19-20

Chapter 5 Data analysis and interpretation 21-28

Chapter 6 Finding of the study 29-30

Chapter 7 Recommendation and Conclusion 31-32

Reference 33-34
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Cement is the basic material for constructions which is made from a mixture of elements that are
found in natural materials such as limestone, marl and/or clay. Cement manufacturing is an energy
and resource intensive process with both local and global environmental, health and safety impacts.
Because of these impacts, ensuring healthy and safe working conditions for employees is one of
the most significant issues for the cement industry. In this review, the cement manufacturing
process was clarified briefly and potential hazards and their risks in cement industry were
investigated.

Safety is a priority for any industrial activity. It is a positive cultural element that allows other
improvements in the factory. An administration that does not manage safety is not able to manage
other functions. However, work accidents and occupational diseases have an enormous impact on
the health of workers and considerable economic and social impacts. In addition, with the
increasing complexity of industrial tissue and with the rapidity that the techniques develop in the
big factories, risks assessment becomes a crucial and strategic answer to preserve workers health
and safety on the one hand and to maintaining a qualified labor on the other hand. The health and
safety performance of the cement industry is lagging that of other, more proactive, sectors of
manufacturing industry. Within the sector, there is a wide range of performances. The better
companies have demonstrated that it is possible to achieve injury rates like the average for the
manufacturing industry. However even the best has room for further improvement. There is a
particular need for the industry to encourage and help those companies and plants that are
significantly under-achieving to raise their safety standards to ensure a sustainable industry that
meets social and employment expectations. In addition, with the permanent evolution of work,
even its risks, it becomes increasingly insufficient to establish general safety rules of, relying solely
upon standards and regulations to comply, but move to awareness, information, training and
motivation of staff on the role of health and safety at work, steps previously required for the
implementation of a prevention, even to a mitigation measures relevant and effective. That allows
us to define a general policy of prevention and to bring to successful management of industrial risk
within the entity. Hence, it has become essential to give all staff a real sense of safety that will
predict and act in a very affective way, the objective of this work. This study will present a
technique of analysis to better understand the dynamic of the policy in terms of health and safety
at work established in the cement plants. Keywords: Safety, Risks, injury, Standards, Policy,
Manufacturing.

Cement is an essential component of infrastructure development and most important input of

construction industry, particularly in the government’s infrastructure and housing programs, which

1
are necessary for the country’s socioeconomic growth and development. It is also the second most
consumed material on the planet (WBCSD 2002). The Indian cement industry is the second largest
producer of cement in the world just behind China, but ahead of the United States and Japan. It is
consented to be a core sector accounting for approximately 1.3% of GDP and employing over 0.14
million people [5]. Health and safety are the number one priority for the cement industry for its
employees, contractors, end-users and those who are neighbors to its operations. It is a positive
cultural element that allows other improvements in the f1actory. An administration that does not
manage safety is not in a position to manage other functions. However, work accidents and
occupational diseases have an enormous impact on the health of workers and considerable
economic and social impacts. In addition, with the increasing complexity of industrial tissue and
with the rapidity that the techniques develop in the big factories, risks assessment becomes a
crucial and strategic answer to preserve workers health and safety on the one hand and to
maintaining a qualified labor on the other hand. These are data, among others, which have triggered
the alarm signal and impose the necessity of an increased safety in the factories. Therefore, a priori
assessment of these risks and the implementation of a prevention approach within a factory are
required to become one of the main drivers of progress. Hence, for some employers, employees
and their representatives, health and safety at work do not mean so much. In addition, with the
permanent evolution of work, even its risks, it becomes increasingly insufficient to establish
general safety rules of, relying solely upon standards and regulations to comply, but move to
awareness, information, training and motivation of staff on the role of health and safety at work,
steps previously required for the implementation of a prevention, even to a mitigation measures
relevant and effective. In all the cement production processes there are hazards that can be classed
in:

a) Routine and general hazards such as:

• Safe behavior
• Environment, work and passage areas
• Work equipment
• Safety labeling
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Manual load handling

b) Special hazards during the cement production phases such as:

• Quarrying
• Crushing
• Clinker production
• Milling processes at raw mill, cement milling and coal milling
• Material transport
• Filtering
• Storage
• Loading and delivery of final products
• Fuel storage activities
• Use of hazardous material
• Generating units

2
 c) Special hazards because of the work environment:
• Dust
• Noise
• Fire
• Emergency response
The pollutants in the cement industry are emitted from the various production processes
from the material such as the raw material, crusher, rotary kiln, cranes, mills, storage silos
and packing section, etc., Airborne respirable dust levels from less than 5 to more than 40
mg/m 3 have been recorded in the workplace air of cement factory workers. The
aerodynamic diameter of the cement dust ranges from 0.05 to 20 µm, making the whole
respiratory tract a target for cement deposition.

Here are some key aspects of health and safety:

1. Risk Assessment: Identifying and assessing potential risks and hazards in the workplace is
crucial. This involves evaluating tasks, equipment, and the overall work environment to determine
potential sources of harm.

2. Preventive Measures: Once risks are identified, measures are put in place to prevent accidents
and injuries. This may include implementing safety protocols, providing personal protective
equipment (PPE), and ensuring that employees are properly trained.

3. Training and Education: Educating employees about potential hazards and the importance of
following safety procedures is essential. Training programs cover topics such as emergency
response, proper equipment usage, and overall workplace safety practices.

4. Legislation and Regulations: Governments often establish laws and regulations to govern
health and safety in the workplace. Employers are required to comply with these regulations to
ensure the well-being of their employees.

5. Emergency Preparedness: Having plans in place for emergencies, such as fires, natural
disasters, or medical emergencies, is crucial. This includes evacuation procedures, first aid
training, and communication strategies.

6. Health Promotion: Beyond preventing accidents, health and safety also involve promoting
overall well-being. This may include initiatives to address mental health, encourage physical
activity, and foster a positive work environment.

7. Continuous Improvement: Health and safety processes should be regularly reviewed and
updated to adapt to changing circumstances. This involves learning from incidents, implementing
feedback, and staying informed about advancements in safety practices.

3
Whether in an office, a factory, a construction site, or any other workplace, prioritizing health and
safety is essential for the welfare of employees and the success of the organization. It not only
ensures compliance with legal requirements but also contributes to increased productivity,
employee morale, and a positive corporate culture.

Hazards and effects: Cement can cause ill health by skin contact, eye contact, or inhalation. The
risk of injury depends on duration and level of exposure and individual sensitivity. alkaline
compounds such as lime (calcium oxide) that are corrosive to human tissue trace amounts of
crystalline silica which is abrasive to the skin and can damage lungs.

1.cement dust: Exposure to cement dust can irritate eyes, nose, throat and the upper respiratory
system. Skin contact may result in moderate irritation to thickening/cracking of skin to severe skin
damage from chemical burns. Silica exposure can lead to lung injuries including silicosis and lung
cancer.

2. Wet mixture; Exposure to wet concrete can result in skin irritation or even first-, second- or
third-degree chemical burns. Compounds such as hexavalent chromium may also be harmful.

3. Skin contact.

The hazards of wet cement are due to its caustic, abrasive, and drying properties. Wet concrete
contacting the skin for a short period and then thoroughly washed off causes little irritation. But
continuous contact between skin and wet concrete allows alkaline compounds to penetrate and
burn the skin. Concrete finishers kneeling on fresh concrete have had their knees severely burned.
Corrosive bleed water from the concrete is absorbed by the worker’s pants and held against the
skin for prolonged periods. Without waterproof knee pads, kneeling on wet concrete can irritate or
burn the skin.

4
3. Heat Burns; Incidents and injuries resulting in burns arise from contact with hot clinker or
cement powder. Hazards are particularly associated with hot cement kiln dust (CKD), and dust
on preheater systems. Chemical (alkali) burns may also result from contact with CKD. A study
in the cement industry over the period 1991-1995 showed that 155 burns injuries occurred in a
population of 3200 workers. This study emphasizes the need to ensure effective controls are put
in place.

Ø First degree burn - outer skin layer Ø Second degree burn - middle skin layer Ø Third
degree burn - deep skin layer
Cement is one of the most widely used materials in construction. Applications include concrete
floors, walls, and pavement; concrete blocks; and different mixtures of mortar and grout.
Thousands of construction workers are exposed to concrete every day without harm. But anyone
who uses or supervises the use of cement should know its health hazards and the safe working
procedures necessary to minimize exposure. This article outlines those hazards and makes
recommendations on how to use cement safely.

Concrete finishers kneeling on fresh concrete have had their knees severely burned. Corrosive
bleed water from the concrete is absorbed by the worker’s pants and held against the skin for
prolonged periods. Without waterproof knee pads, kneeling on wet concrete can irritate or burn
the skin dust released during bag dumping or mortar cutting can also irritate the skin. Moisture
from sweat or wet clothing reacts with the cement dust to form a caustic solution.

5
Allergic skin reaction
Some workers become allergic to the Hexavalent chromium in cement. hexavalent chromium can
cause a respiratory allergy called occupational asthma. Symptoms include wheezing and difficulty
breathing. Workers may develop both skin and respiratory allergies to hexavalent chromium.

Skin Infection

It’s possible to work with cement for years without any allergic skin reaction and then to suddenly
develop such a reaction. The allergy usually lasts a lifetime and prevents any future work with wet
concrete or powder cement.

Inhalation
Inhaling dust may occur when workers empty bags of cement. such exposure irritates the nose and
throat and causes choking and difficult breathing. Sanding, grinding, or cutting concrete can also
release large amounts of dust containing crystalline silica. Prolonged or repeated exposure can lead
to a disabling and often fatal lung disease called silicosis.

6
Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health (1950)
Occupational health is the
• promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of
workers in all occupations.
• the prevention amongst workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions.
• the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health.
• the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his
physiological and psychological capabilities.

and to summarize: the adaptation of work to man and of each man to his job

Cement production Process, Characterisation, Composition & Types The cement production
process consists of drying, grinding and mixing limestone and additives like iron and bauxite ore
into a powder known as “raw meal”. The main raw materials used in cement industry are limestone
(CaCO3), sandstone (SiO2), clay, bauxite (N2O3) and gypsum (Ca2SO4.2H2O) and involves the
release of various particulates, dust, gases and heavy metals. The raw meal is then heated and
burned in a pre-heater and kiln and then cooled in an air-cooling system to form a semi-finished
product, known as a clinker. Clinker (95%) is cooled by air and subsequently ground with gypsum
(5%) to form Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC).

Cement Production Process

Cement may be defined as calcined mixtures of clay and limestone, usually mixed with water,
sand, gravel, etc. to form concrete, that are used as a building material for civil work. It may also
be defined as a powdery substance used for binds or unites. Portland cement consists essentially
of compounds of calcium oxide (Cao) (61% - 67%)

7
silicon Oxide (Si02) (19% 23), Aluminum Trioxide (AL,03), (3-6%), ferric oxide (Fe;03) (2% -
6o), magnesium oxide (MgO) (1% - 29%) 5 and selenium, thallium and other impurities. Basically,
cement are two types, natural and artificial cement. The artificial cement is also called Portland
cement. Portland cement is further classified into Portland blast furnace cement (PBFSC), Sulphate
Resisting Portland Cement, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Portland Pozolona Cement (PPC),
Rapid Hardening Portland Cement, Oil Well Cement,

Impacts of Cement Industries

Producing cement has significant positive and negative impacts. On the Positive side, the cement
industry creates employment and business opportunities for people. This plays a vital role for
economic development of country. Negative impacts include disturbance to the and scape. and
disruption to local biodiversity from quarrying limestone (the raw material for cement) like activity
and effect to living thing.
Known Facts
• Occupational Diseases are notifiable & compensable diseases in almost all geographies.
• For most occupational diseases no cure. Almost all are preventable.
• Occupational diseases have a long latent period – not felt as priority.
• Silicosis takes 6 to 9 years to develop.
• NIHL takes 8 to 12 years to develop.
• Liver cancer takes 20 to 30 years to develop.
Negative Impacts:
The cement sector is the third largest industrial source of pollution, emitting more than 500,000
tons per year of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and carbon monoxide. Chronic exposures in
cement industries, workers suffer from impairment of respiratory system function, lungs cancer,
Headache, fatigue, stomach and colon. It also affects oral cavity & eye, the commonly reported
symptoms concerned with oral cavity of cement industries workers are inflammation of gums,
calculus and pockets formation, dental caries and non-carious tooth surface loss. Basically, three
types of air pollutants are released to the air during cement manufacturing which includes
particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulphur dioxide (SO). Portland cement is
caustic, so it can cause chemical burns, the powder can cause irritation Or with severe exposure
this may cause lung cancer and can contain some hazardous components such as crystalline silica
and hexavalent chromium. Environmental concerns are the high energy consumption required to
mine, manufacture, and transport the cement and the related air pollution including the release of
greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon dioxide), dioxin, NOx, SO2, and particulates.
In cement industries, most health problems are chronic cough, phlegm production, impairment of
lung function, chest tightness, skin irritation, conjunctivitis, stomachache, headache, fatigue,
carcinoma of larynx, colon also effected due exposure of such hazardous agent. Cause of such
diseases are unavailability or poor condition of dust collection system, Poor housekeeping, non-
availability of personal protective equipment's (PPF's), use of defective personal protective
equipment's (PPE's) or not using personal protective equipment's (PPE'S) due to unawareness, so
workers do not adequately protect themselves

8
through personal protective device. Such conditions are also consistently associated with
concentration and time of exposure, Personnel hygiene & behavior, Personnel tolerance level,
susceptibility, State of matter. & regular use of appropriate personal protective equipment. The
route of exposure is inhalation (breathing in), absorption through skin or eye &ingestion. Exposure
of Noise beyond permissible limit also creates headache, nausea. Increase in blood pressure and
long-term exposure may cause noise induced hearing loss. Pollutants emitted during operation
effects to environment.

Environment Impact

Generated pollutants during different process stages in cement industries always affect the
environment. It mixes in air, water and land and pollutes them. Such pollutants enter our body
through inhalation, skin absorption & ingestion and affect our health. Major pollutants are NOx,
SO2 & CO. These include emissions of airborne pollution in the form of dust, gases and fumes
during quarrying, material handling and crushing like activity. Noise and vibration are also
generated during machinery and equipment operation and other operational processes during
cement manufacturing, that effect to environment and human beings.
Inhalation of SO2 causes Irritation of throat, nose etc. and causes death when in high concentration.
It also creates respiratory and cardiovascular disease. SO2 is also a primary contributor to acid
deposition, or acid rain. Same as inhalation of CO2 causes asphyxiation or breathlessness. High
concentration of CO2 may cause of death also. Carbon monoxide (CO) also reduces oxygen
delivery to the body's organs and tissues, as well as adverse effects on the cardiovascular and
central nervous systems. CO also contributes to the formation of smog (ground-level ozone), which
can cause respiratory problems. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) can cause or contribute to a variety of health
problems and adverse environmental impacts, such as ground-level ozone, acid rain, global
warming, water quality deterioration, and visual impairment. Affected populations include
children, people with lung diseases such as asthma, and exposure to these conditions can cause
damage to lung tissue for people who work or exercise outside. Cement manufacture contributes
greenhouse gases both, directly through the production of carbon dioxide when calcium carbonate
is heated, producing lime and carbon dioxide and indirectly using energy, particularly if the energy
is sourced from fossil fuels. The cement industry produces about 5% of global man-made CO2
emissions, of which 50% is from the chemical process, and 40% from burning fuel. The amount
of CO2 emitted by the cement industry is nearly 900kg of CO2 for every 1000kg of cement
produced.

Hazard Control method in Cement Industries:

In cement Industries, Occupational Health hazard can be controlled through environmental control
and Hazard control method including Health monitoring.

9
Environmental Control

Environmental control Comprises improvement in general ventilation system there by diluting the
Dangerous dust, gases and fumes to such concentration level to maintain the permissible limits
prescribed for the relevant contaminants. Total Enclosures of hazardous process with exhaust
system by using the principle of segregation may be used as effective control method. This is called
engineering control method. Enclosed to conveyor like system is best method to control dust
emission that emit during raw material handling and spread in working atmosphere. This help to
Protect environment and preventing occupational diseases.
All filters, Lines and connectors, shall be designed to prevent leakage of particulate or
contamination. Regular monitoring must be done to identifying such leakage and taking corrective
action on same time to prevent dust emission in atmosphere.
Noise is also source of pollution that effect to people to create headache, Nausea, develop
hypertension and long-term exposure may cause of noise induced hearing loss. Noise may be
reduced to use enclosure, Barriers and functional sound absorber.
Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP), Bughouse Filters, Monitoring equipment like device also used in
cement industries for dust control. ESP control devices ionize contaminated air flowing between
the electrodes. The charged particles (contaminants) travel to the oppositely charged plates. The
particles on the plates are removed. These particles can be dry dust or liquid droplets (liquid
droplets are more efficient). The particles that are removed from the plates are knocked off to the
bottom of the ESP. ESPs have high efficiency and low pressure drops.
These devices are used after the roller mill and after the cement kiln in the production of cement
to reduce emissions of particulate matter such as cement kiln dust. Often spray towers are used
before the ESP (Fig. 2) to moisten the particulates, increasing ESP efficiency. In Baghouse Filters,
polluted air is filtered through the bags. The bags are closed at the bottom and are exposed to a
clean air chamber at the top. The bags are cleaned by short bursts of pressured air. The bags
contract and snaps which releases the particulate layer. Bughouses are used in cement production
at the top of material storage silos and gas separators. They help prevent any particulate matter
from escaping the process. Anything collected in the bag filters (Fig. 3) is simply released back
into the process to be used in the cement making. Generation of Electrical Power to use waste flue
gases that contains CO2 is also good method to protect environment and prevent occupational
health diseases. Power is generated through waste Heat recovery boiler (WHRB) to use waste flue
gases. Apart from this water sprinkling system, enclosed to conveyor belt to prevent dust emission,
Sweeping m/c like equipment also used for controlling dust.

Occupational Health Hazard Control

Recognize the hazard and eliminate it or Control at source through dust collecting system or other
engineering control method. Water sprinkling & ensuring good housekeeping on regular basis is
also the best method to controlling dust and preventing occupational health diseases.
Maintain dust control systems on regular basis for keeping them in good working order. Conduct
air monitoring to measure worker exposures and ensure that controls provide adequate protection
for workers.

10
Cement industry workers should wear suitable personnel protective equipment like high-efficiency
particulate arresting or high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) mask, safety goggles and mandatory
get pre-employment and medical surveillance on periodically. Use safety gloves also for
preventing dermatitis like disease. Displayed post warning signs inside factory & Provide training
to workers and staff for creating awareness and taking suitable safety control measure. Report all
occupational Health disease to OHS center & Govt. authority. This will help to reducing the risk
of Occupational hazards of cement dust in the cement industry workers.
All disease that created inside plant due to cement dust, fumes and gases, Noise must be
investigated and preventing measure must be taken to avoid similar future diseases.
Use Enclosure, absorber and barrier like devices for reducing noise level and use Ear plug and
goggle like PPE’s is a technique to protect ear and eye from such diseases.
Risk must be identified in every process and operational activity and take adequate control measure
for minimizing its level as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) to prevent occupational health
diseases and protect to environment.
Hazard is controlled through a hazard control method that is known as hierarchy of hazard control
measure. To use of PPE’s last consideration of hierarchy of hazard control method because not
eliminate to hazard, it minimizes severity of harm.
Limestone mining also needs focus on the following to improve the Occupational Health & safety
compliances.
Initial and periodic medical examination
Training of medical officers in Occupational health and hygiene.
Training of medical officers for use of standard ILO chest radiographs for classification of
pneumoconiosis
Hierarchy of controls for prevention of Occupational diseases
Rehabilitation of affected persons
Equipment and other arrangements to safeguard from occupational illness.

11
 1.2 COMPANY PROFILE

UltraTech Cement Limited, a flagship company of the Aditya Birla Group, is one of India's leading
producers of cement and building materials. With a rich history dating back to 1983, UltraTech has
established itself as a dominant player in the cement industry. The company is renowned not only
for its market leadership but also for its commitment to quality, sustainability, and corporate
responsibility.
Key Information:
Name: UltraTech Cement Limited.
Founded: 1983
Headquarters: Mumbai, India
Chairman: Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla
Managing Director & CEO: Mr. K.K. Maheshwari
Industry: Cement and Building Materials
Subsidiary of: Aditya Birla Group
Core Values:
1. Commitment to Excellence: UltraTech's unwavering commitment to excellence is evident in
its products, services, and safety practices. The company continually strives to set industry
benchmarks and deliver the highest quality to its customers.
2. Sustainability: Sustainability is at the heart of UltraTech's operations. The company is
dedicated to reducing its environmental footprint, conserving resources, and contributing to a
sustainable future through responsible manufacturing.
3. Innovation: UltraTech places a strong emphasis on innovation. leveraging cutting-edge
technology and research to improve its products and processes continually.
4. Ethical Business Practices: The company upholds the highest ethical standards, promoting
transparency, integrity, and a strong corporate governance framework.

12
Business Operations:
UltraTech Cement Limited operates across the entire spectrum of the construction and building
materials industry. The company's core business areas include:

1. Cement: UltraTech is the largest manufacturer of grey cement, ready mix concrete (RMC), and
white cement in India. Its cement products are used in a wide range of applications, from
infrastructure projects to residential and commercial construction.
2. Building Solutions: UltraTech offers a variety of building solutions. including construction
chemicals, wall care putty, and waterproofing solutions. enhancing the durability and aesthetics of
structures.
3. Innovation and Technology: The company actively invests in research and development to
innovate and improve its products and processes continually. UltraTech has state-of-the-art
research and development centers, known as Aditya Birla Science and Technology Centers.
Safety and Sustainability:
UltraTech Cement Limited is recognized for its dedication to safety, sustainability, and
environmental responsibility. The company has implemented comprehensive safety measures and
operates with the goal of achieving zero harm across its operations. Additionally, UltraTech is
committed to reducing its carbon footprint and water consumption while promoting eco-friendly
practices.
Global Presence:
While headquartered in India, UltraTech has a global footprint through its overseas operations.
The company has a presence in countries like the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Bangladesh,
and its products are exported to various countries worldwide.
Community Engagement:
UltraTech actively engages with local communities in the areas where it operates. emphasizing
community development, education, healthcare, and environmental conservation. The company
believes in being a responsible corporate citizen and contributing to the well-being of society.
Awards and Recognition:
UltraTech Cement Limited has received numerous awards and accolades for its excellence in
various areas, including sustainability, safety, and corporate governance. These recognitions reflect
the company's commitment to upholding the highest industry standards.

13
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

(Rachid et. Al. 2015) – Occupational health and safety has become a public health priority
in industrialized countries and a primary concern, especially in high-risk industries.

(Tomar 2014) - In addition, with the increasing complexity of industrial tissue and with
the rapidity that the techniques develop in the big factories, risks assessment becomes a
crucial and strategic answer to preserve workers health and safety on the one hand and to
maintaining a qualified labor on the other hand.

(Koh et. Al 2011) – cement manufacturing is one of these industries. Cement is on of the
most widely used construction materials on earth. Because cement has been used
commonly, its health effects have become an important issue both for employees and the
environment.

(Johannson B; Rask K; Stenberg M 2010), this study was to carry out a broad survey and
analysis of relevant research articles about piece rate wages and their effects on health and
safety. A total of 75 research articles were examined extensively and 31 of these were found
relevant and had sufficient quality to serve the purpose of this study. The findings of these
relevant articles are summarized and analyzed in the survey. More recent research shows a
clear interest for health, musculoskeletal injuries, physical workload, pains and
occupational injuries. The fact that 27 of the 31 studied articles found negative effects of
piece rates on different aspects of health and safety does not prove causality, but together
they give very strong support that in most situations piece rates have negative effects on
health and safety.

(Tompa, Emile PhD; Dolinschi, Roman MA; de Oliveira 2009), we reviewed the
occupational health and safety intervention literature to synthesize evidence on financial
merits of such interventions. A literature search included journal databases, existing
systematic reviews, and studies identified by content experts. We found strong evidence
that ergonomic and other musculoskeletal injury prevention interventions in manufacturing
and warehousing are worth undertaking in terms of their financial merits. The economic
evaluation of interventions in this literature warrants further expansion. The review also

14
provided insights into how the methodological quality of economic evaluations in this
literature could be improved.

(Conor CO Reynolds; M Anne Harris; Peter A Cripton; Meghan Winters 2009),

Bicycling has the potential to improve fitness. Understanding ways of making bicycling
safer is important to improving population health. We reviewed studies of the impact of
transportation infrastructure on bicyclist safety. To assess safety, studies examining the
following outcomes were included: injuries; injury severity; and crashes. Results to date
suggest that sidewalks and multi-use trails pose the highest risk, major roads are more
hazardous than minor roads, and the presence of bicycle facilities (e.g. on-road bike routes,
on-road marked bike lanes, and off-road bike paths) was associated with the lowest risk.
Street lighting, paved surfaces, and low-angled grades are additional factors that appear to
improve cyclist safety.

(Lucia Artazcoz; Imma Cortes; Vincenta Escriba-aguir; Lorena Cascant 2009), the
objectives of this study was to identify family and job characteristics associated with long
work hours. The sample was composed of all salaried workers aged 16-64 years (3950 men
and 3153 women) interviewed in the 2006 Catalonian Health Survey. Factors associated
with long working hours differed by gender. In men, working 5160 h a week was
consistently associated with poor mental health status, self-reported hypertension, job
dissatisfaction, smoking, shortage of sleep. Among women it was only related to smoking
and to shortage of sleep. The association of overtime with different health indicators among
men and women could be explained by their role as the family breadwinner.

(Dee W. Edington; Alyssa B. Schultz 2008), The aim was to present the literature which
provides evidence of the association between health risks and the workplace economic
measures of time away from work, reduced productivity at work, health care costs and
pharmaceutical costs. A search of PubMed was conducted, and high-quality studies were
selected and combined with studies known to the authors. A strong body of evidence exists
which shows that health risks of workers are associated with health care costs and
pharmaceutical costs. A growing body of literature also confirms that health risks are
associated with productivity measures. The paper shows that measures of success will
continue to be important as the field of worksite health management moves forward.

(David E. Cantor 2008), The purpose of this paper was to review the literature and call for
additional research into the human, operational, and regulatory issues that contribute to
workplace safety in the supply chain. This paper identifies several potential research
opportunities that can increase awareness of the importance of improving a firm's workplace
safety practices. This paper identifies 108 articles which inform how the logistics and
transportation safety has evolved. The paper identifies 14 future research opportunities

15
within the workplace safety in the supply chain, that have been identified can have a positive
effect on practitioners confronted with safety issues.

(Lucia Artazcoz; Imma Cortes; Vincenta Escriba-aguir; Lorena Cascant 2007), To

provide a framework for epidemiological research on work and health that combines classic
occupational epidemiology and the consideration of work in a structural perspective focused
on gender inequalities in health. Gaps and limitations in classic occupational epidemiology,
when considered from a gender perspective, are described. Classic occupational
epidemiology has paid less attention to women's problems than men's. Research into work
related gender inequalities in health has rarely considered either social class or the impact
of family demands on men's health. The analysis of work and health from a gender
perspective should consider the complex interactions between gender, family roles,
employment status and social class.

Shoup Nagashima; Yasushi Suwazono; Yasushi Okubo; Mirei Uetani (2007), The aim
was to clarify the influence of working hours on both mental and physical symptoms of
fatigue and use the data obtained to determine permissible working hours. The survey of
day-shift male workers, using the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Cumulative
Fatigue Symptoms Index (CFSI). A total of 715 workers participated. In the group working
260-279 h/month, the odds ratios for SDS and 'irritability' and 'chronic tiredness' of the
CFSI were increased. In the group working E280 h/month, the odds ratios on CFSI for
`general fatigue', 'physical disorders', 'anxiety' and 'chronic tiredness' were likewise
increased. The research clarified that working hours should be <260 h/month in order to
minimize fatigue symptoms in male day workers.

(L Ala-Mursula; J Vahtera; A Kouvonen; A Vaananen; A Linna 2006), The associations

of working hours (paid, domestic, commuting, and total) with sickness, absence, and to
examine whether these associations vary according to the level of employee control over
daily working hours. The study among 25,703 full-time public sector workers in 10 towns
in Finland. Long domestic and total working hours were associated with higher rates of
medically certified sickness absences among both genders. Low control over daily working
hours predicted medically certified sickness absences for both the women and men. In
combinations, high control over working hours reduced the adverse associations of long
domestic and total working hours with medically certified absences. Employee control over
daily working hours may protect health and help workers successfully combine a full-time
job with the demands of domestic work.

(Meo 2004) – In addition to the various health hazards, cement workers are especially
exposed to dust which causes lung function impairment, chronic obstructive lung disease,

16
restrictive lung disease, pneumoconiosis and carcinoma of the lungs, stomach and colon at
various production process such as quarrying, crushing, raw material grinding, blending,
kiln burning, grinding and packaging in cement industry.

(WBCSD 2004) – therefore, ensuring healthy and for safe working conditions for
employees and contractors is a fundamental key to corporate social responsibility, and one
of the most important issues for the cement industry.

A Baker; K Heiler; S A Ferguson (2002), The occupational health and safety implications
associated with compressed and extended work periods have not been fully explored in the
mining sector. Absenteeism and incident frequency rate data were collected over a 33 month
period that covered three different roster schedules. The only significant change in
absenteeism rates was an increase in the maintenance sector in the third data collection
period. The current study did not find significant negative effects of a 12-hour pattern, when
compared to an 8-hour system. However, when unregulated and excessive overtime was
introduced as part of the 12-hour/5-day roster, absenteeism rates were increased in the
maintenance sector.

N Nakanishia; H Yoshidaa; K Naganoa; H Kawashimob; K Nakamurac (2001), to

evaluate the association of long working hours with the risk of hyper-tension. The work site
is in Osaka, Japan. 941 hypertensions free Japanese male white-collar workers aged 35-54
years were prospectively examined by serial annual health examinations. 424 men
developed hypertension above the borderline level. After controlling for potential predictors
of hypertension, the relative risk for hypertension above the borderline level, compared with
those who worked < 8.0 hours per day was 0.48, for those who worked 10.0-10.9 hours per
day was 0.63. These results indicate that long working hours are negatively associated with
the risk for hypertension in Japanese male white-collar workers.

N. Haworth: C. Tingvall & N. Kowadlo (2000), In response to an increasing awareness

of the role of work-related driving in crashes and the related costs, many private and
government organizations have developed programs to improve fleet safety. The purpose
of this project is to investigate the potential to introduce road safety-based initiatives in the
corporate environment. From the review, that the fleet safety initiatives which have
potential to be effective are, Selecting safer vehicles, Some particular driver training and
education programs, Incentives, Company safety programs. It is assumed that the degree of
influence is likely to decrease as the type of vehicle moves from the fleet towards the private
end of the continuum.

17
 CHAPTER 3
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

• To Know the Workplace Policies and Procedures at Ultra Tech Cement. Rewa

• To Analyze the Employee’s Awareness Towards Occupational Health and Safety

Procedures at Ultra Tech Cement.

• To Analyze the Employees Participating in Occupational Health & Safety Procedure at

Ultra Tech Cement.

• To Know the Kinds of Health and Safety Hazards Employees Hight Be Expressed to In
Their Job.

18
 CHAPTER 4
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research

Research is defined as careful consideration of study regarding a particular concern or problem

using scientific methods. According to the American sociologist Earl Robert Babbie, "research is
a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict, and control the observed phenomenon. It
involves inductive and deductive methods."

Research Methodology

Research papers, dissertations, thesis, academic journal articles, or any other piece of formal
research will contain a section (or chapter) on research methodology. This section stipulates the
methodological choices made and also substantiates why these choices were made. This section is
therefore used by researchers to justify why the methods they employed are best suited to achieve
the research objective and arrive at valid and reliable results. This section also allows readers to
evaluate the reliability and validity of a study based on the relevance and effectiveness of the
procedures employed.

Research Design
Exploratory and descriptive in nature.

Modes of data collection

The data can be classified into two categories primary data and secondary data:

Primary data
Primary data is data that is collected by a researcher from first-hand sources, using methods like:
questionnaires, schedules, interviews etc.

19
The Primary data for the study has been collected with the help of a structured questionnaire which
was administered to 100 respondents of Ultratech cement of Rewa city.
Secondary data
Secondary data is the data that has already been collected through primary sources and made
readily available for researchers to use for their own research. It is a type of data that has already
been collected in the past. Books, research papers, research report have been used as a secondary
source of data for this study.
Sample Design
Sample design has certain heads which are as:

Sampling Technique
Researcher have used convenience sampling method in this study.

Sampling Area
The sample area is Ultratech cement, Rewa city.

Sampling Size
Researcher contacted one hundred respondents during his study.

Data Analysis, Interpretation and Presentation

The researcher has used the percentage (%) method for the analysis and interpretation of collected
data in this study. The outcomes in the study have been presented through tables, pie charts and
bar graphs.

20
 CHAPTER 5
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

1. Workplace policies and procedures at UltraTech cement

Table 5.1: Workplace Policies and Procedures

S.N. Statements Frequency TWS WAS
Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly
Disagree Agree
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
1 Everyone receives the 12 10 50 15 13
necessary workplace health 307 3.07
and safety tanning when 12 20 150 60 65
started a job, changing jobs
or using new technologies
2 There is regular 14 16 40 17 13
communication between 299 2.99
employees and 14 32 120 68 65
management about safety
issues
3 Workplace health and 5 10 30 43 12
safety is at least as 261 2.61
important as production 5 20 90 86 60
and quality
4 There is an active and 11 10 8 49 22
effective health and safety 361 3.61
committee and/or worker 11 20 24 196 110
health and safety rep

5 Incidents and accidents are 8 5 7 58 22

investigated quickly in 381 3.81
order to improve 8 10 21 232 110
workplace health and
safety
6 Communication about 7 31 23 30 9
workplace health and 303 3.03
safety procedure is done in 7 62 69 120 45
a way that I can understand

21
 Workplace Policies And Procedures
70
58
60
50 49
50 43
40
40
30 31 30
30 23
17
20
12 10
15 14 16
10 11 10
8 8
10 5 5 7 7
No. of respondants

0
Everyone receives
the necessary There is regular Workplace health There is an active Incidents and Communication
workplace health communication and safety is and effective accidents are about workplace
and safety between considered to be health and safety investigated health and safety
tanning when employees and at least as committee quickly in order procedure is
started a job, management important as and/or worker to improve done in a way
changing jobs or about safety production and health and safety workplace health that I can
using new issues quality rep and safety understand
technologies
Strongly Disagree 12 14 5 11 8 7
Disagree 10 16 10 10 5 31
Neutral 50 40 30 8 7 23
Agree 15 17 43 49 58 30
Strongly Agree 13 13 12 22 22 9

Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

Graph 5.1 Workplace policies and procedure

INTERPRETATION
Above table 5.1 and graph 5. indicate that employees agreed (WAS=3.61) that there is an
active and effective health and safety committee and worker health and safety rep. They also
indicated agreed (was=3.81) that incidents and accidents are investigated quickly in order to
improve workplace health and safety. However, most of the employees were neutral
(was=3.07) that everyone receives the necessary workplace health and safety training when
starting a job, changing jobs or using new technologies. They again indicated neutral
responses (was=2.99) as far as regular communication between employees and management
about safety issues is concerned. They gave neutral response (was=2.61) that workplace
health and safety is considered to be at least as important as production and quality.
However, communication about workplace health and safety procedures is concerned the
responses were neutral (WAS= 3.03).

22
2) Occupational health and safety awareness
Table 5.2: Occupation Health and Safety Awareness
S.N. B: Occupational Health Statement TWS WAS
and Safety Awareness
Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly
Disagree Agree
(1) (2) (3) (4)
(5)

1 I am clear about my rights 3 8 10 28 51

and responsibilities in 416 4.16
relation to workplace 3 16 30 112 255
health and safety
I am clear about my 7 10 13 26 44
2 employer’s rights and 370 3.70
responsibilities in relation 7 20 39 84 220
to workplace health and
safety

3 I know how to perform 8 13 15 27 37

my job in a safe manner 372 3.72
8 26 45 108 185

4 If I become aware of a 2 5 6 31 56
health and safety hazard 428 4.28
at my workplace, I know 2 10 18 124 280
who (at my workplace) I
would report it to

5 I have the knowledge to 10 8 13 55 14

assist in responding to any 355 3.55
health and safety 10 16 39 220 70
concerns at my workplace
6 I know that the necessary 10 20 30 17 43
precautions are that I 423 4.23
should take while doing 10 40 90 68 215
my job

23
 Occupational Health And Safety Awareness
60 56 55
51
50 44 43
37
40
31 30
28 26 27
30
20
17
20 13 13 15 13 14
No.of respondants

8 10 7
10 8 10 8 10
10 3 5 6
2
0
I am clear about If I become I have the
I am clear about I know that the
my employer’s aware of a health knowledge to
my rights and necessary
rights and I know how to and safety assist in
responsibilities in precautions are
responsibilities in perform my job hazard at my responding to
relation to that I should take
relation to in a safe manner workplace, I any health and
workplace health while doing my
workplace health know who (at my safety concerns
and safety job
and safety workplace) at my workplace
Strongly Agree 3 7 8 2 10 10
Disagree 8 10 13 5 8 20
Neutral 10 13 15 6 13 30
Agree 28 26 27 31 55 17
Strongly Agree 51 44 37 56 14 43

Strongly Agree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

Graph 5.2 Occupational health and safety awareness

INTERPRETATION
Above table 5.2 and graph 5.2 indicates that most of the employees agreed that (was=4.16) they
are clear about their rights and responsibilities in relation to workplace health and safety.
Employees were also clear (was=3.70) about employer’s rights and responsibilities in relation to
workplace health and safety. They also indicated that they know how to perform employee’s job
in a safe manner (was=3.72). They also indicated positive response (WAS= 4.28) that if they
become aware of health or safety hazard at their workplace, they know to whom they have to report
about it. They agreed (was=4.23) they know what necessary precautions they should take while
doing their job. However, most of the employees were neutral (was=3.55) that they don’t have the
knowledge to assist in responding to any health and safety concerns at my workplace.

24
 3) Participations In Occupational Health and Safety

Table No.5.3 Participations in Occupational Health And Safety

S.N. C: Participations In STATEMENT TWS WAS

Occupational Health and
Safety

Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly

Agree Agree
(1) (5) (4) (3) (2)

1 I feel free to voice concern or 8 10 13 45 24

make suggestions about 367 3.67
workplace health and safety 8 20 39 180 120
at my job

2 If I notice a workplace hazard, 6 8 14 52 20

I will point it out to 372 3.72
management 6 16 42 208 100

3 I know that I can stop work if I 3 5 9 73 10

think something is unsafe and 382 3.82
management will not give me 3 10 27 292 50
a hard time

4 If my work environment was 1 21 28 13 8

unsafe, I would not say 229 2.29
anything, and hope that the 1 42 84 52 40
situation eventually improves
(reverse scored)

5 I have enough time to 5 9 8 67 11

complete my work tasks safely 370 3.70
5 18 24 268 55

25
 Participation In Occupational Health And Safety
80 73
67
70
60 52
50 45
40
28
30 24 21
20
20 13 14 11 13 11
8 10 6 8 9 10 8 9 8
3 5 5
No. of respondants

10
0
If my work
I feel free to voice I know that I can environment was
concern or make If I notice a stop work if I think unsafe, I would not
I have enough time
suggestions about workplace hazard, I something is unsafe say anything, and
to complete my
workplace health would point it out and management hope that the
work tasks safely
and safety at my to management will not give me a situation eventually
job hard time improves (reverse
scored)
13 14 15 16 17
Strongly Agree 8 6 3 11 5
Disagree 10 8 5 21 9
Neutral 13 14 9 28 8
Agree 45 52 73 13 67
Strongly Agree 24 20 10 8 11

Strongly Agree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

Graph No.5.3 Participations in Occupational Health and Safety

Interpretation
Above table 5.3 and graph 5.3 indicate that most of the employees agree (WAS=3.67) that feel
free to voice concerns or make suggestions about workplace health and safety. They would
point it out to management if a notice a workplace hazards (was=3.72). they also agreed
(was=3.82) that they can stop work it they think something if unsafe and management will
not give them a hard time. They agreed (was=3.70) that they have enough time to complete
them work tasks safely. However, they disagreed (was=2.29) when asked it them work effect
was unsafe, they would not say anything and hope that situation eventually improve.

26
 4) Workplace Hazards

Table No. 5.4 Workplace Hazards

S.N. D: Workplace Hazards STATEMENTS TWS WAS
Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly
Agree (2) (3) (4) Disagreed
(1) (4)
1 Manually lift, carry or push 35 50 10 3 2
items heavier than 20 kg at 187 1.87
least 10 times during the day 35 100 30 12 10

2 Do repetitive movements 1 9 20 60 10
with your hands or wrists. 369 3.69
(packing, sorting, assembling, 1 18 60 240 50
cleaning, pulling, pushing,
typing)
3 Perform work task, or use 15 60 10 10 5
work method, that you are 230 2.30
not familiar with 15 120 30 40 25

4 Interact with hazardous 25 45 12 10 8

substance such as chemicals, 231 2.31
flammable, liquids and gases 25 90 36 40 40

5 Work in a went, twisted or 4 10 9 57 20

awkward work posture 379 3.79
4 20 27 228 100

6 Work in noise level that are 7 10 10 40 33

so Hight that you must raise 382 3.82
your voice when talking to 7 20 30 160 165
people less than one meter
away
7 Experience being bullied or 30 50 10 6 4
harassed at work 204 2.04
30 100 30 24 20

8 Stand for more than 2 hours 8 9 10 53 20

in a row 368 3.68
8 18 30 212 100

27
 Workplace Hazards
70
60 60
60 57
53
50 50
50 45
40
40 35 33
30
30 25
20 20 20
20 15
10 10 1010 1210 10 9 1010 10
9 8 7 6 4 8 9 10
10 5 4
3 2 1
0
Do repetitive Work in noise
movements level that are
Interact with
Manually lift, with your Perform work so Hight that
hazardous
carry or push hands or task, or use Work in a you have to Experience
substance such Stand for more
items heavier wrists. work method, went, twisted raise your being bullied
as chemicals, than 2 hours in
than 20 kg at (packing,sortin that you are or awkward voice when or harassed at
flammable, a raw
least 10 times g,assembling,cl not familiar work posture talking to work
liquids and
during the day eaning,pulling, with people less
gases
pushing,typing than one
) meter away
Never 35 1 15 25 4 7 30 8
Every 6 Month 50 9 60 45 10 10 50 9
Every 3 Month 10 20 10 12 9 10 10 10
Every Month 3 60 10 10 57 40 6 53
Every Day 2 10 5 8 20 33 4 20

Never Every 6 Month Every 3 Month Every Month Every Day

Graph No.5.4 Workplace Hazards

INTERPRETATION
most of the employees agreed (was=3.69) that they do repetitive movements with their
hands or wrists for at least 3 hours during the day. they also agreed (was=3.79) that they
work in a bent, twisted or awkward work posture, also work in noise level that are so high
that you must raise your voice when talking to people less than one Miter away (was=3.82).
they stand for more than 2 hours in a row (was=3.68). However, they don’t manually lift,
carry, or push items heavier than 20 kg at least 10 times during the day (was=1.87) they don’t
as such interact with hazards substance such as chemical, flammable liquids and gases
(was=3.79). They also indicated they don’t experience being bullied or harassed at work
(was=2.0).

28
 CHAPTER 6
FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

1) Workplace policies and procedure

The analysis suggested that employees agreed that there is an active and effective health and safety
committee, and worker health and safety rep. they also indicated agreed that incidents and
accidents are investigated quickly in order to improve workplace health and safety. everyone
receives the necessary workplace health and safety training when starting a job, changing jobs or
using new technologies. Thay again indicates natural responses as far as regular communication
between employees and management about safety issues is concerned, they gave natural response
that workplace health and safety is considered to be at least as important as production and quality
However, communication about workplace health and safety procedures is concerned the
responses were neutral.
2) Occupational health and safety awareness
It was found that most of the employees agreed they are clear about their rights and responsibilities
in relation to workplace health and safety. Employees were also clear about employer’s rights and
responsibilities in relation to workplace health and safety. They also indicated that they know how
to perform employee’s job in a safe manner. indicates positive response that if they become aware
of health or safety hazard at their workplace, they know to whom they have to report about it. They
agreed they know what necessary precautions they should take while doing their job. However,
most of the employees were neutral that they don’t have the knowledge to assists in responding to
any health and safety concerns at my workplace.
3) Employees participation in occupational health and safety
The analysis reveals that most of the employees agree that feel free to voice concerns or make
suggestions about workplace health and safety. They would point it out to management if a
notice a workplace hazards. they also agreed that they can stop work it they think something
if unsafe and management will not give them a hard time. They agreed that they have enough
time to complete them work tasks safely. However, they disagreed when asked it them work
effect was unsafe, they would not say anything and hope that situation eventually improve.

29
4) Workplace hazards
The analysis reflects that employees agreed that they do repetitive movements with their
hands or wrists for at least 3 hours during the day. they also agreed that they work in a bent,
twisted or awkward work posture, also work in noise level that are so high that you must
raise your voice when talking to people less than one Miter away. they stand for more than 2
hours in a row. However, they don’t manually lift, carry, or push items heavier than 20 kg at
least 10 times during the day they don’t as such interact with hazards substance such as
chemical, flammable liquids and gases. They also indicated they don’t experience being
bullied or harassed at work.

30
 CHAPTER 7
RECOMMENDATIONS & CONCLUSION

Recommendations

1) Since the data analysis indicate that employees don’t as such receive the necessary
workplace health and Safety training while standing a job, changing jobs or using new
technologies. Therefor it is suggested that employees should be given necessary situation
and training on health and safety when they a standing a new work or using a new
technology.

2) There should also be a regular communication between employees and management. About
the safety issues and how they can be solved.

3) Workplace health and safety should be considering at important as production and quality.

4) Since the analysis indicated that an understandable communication about workplace health
and safety procedure is not done. Therefor it is suggested that proper communication about
the safety should be done and feedback for it. the employees were understood the
instruction should be taken.

5) As the analysis indicated that employees don’t have a very good knowledge to assist in
responding to any health and safety concern at then workplace therefor it is suggested that
they most must be trained for the same, so that they can confidently doesn’t it responding
to any health and safety concern.

31
Conclusion

Cement is termed to be widely used material on earth. It has been reported that cement production
process harms environment, health and safety problems to its workforce. The employee well-
being, especially their health and safety issues are important priorities for employers including
ultratech cement companies. The implementation of occupational health and safety management
systems in cement industries are not advanced when compared to other manufacturing industries.
In conclusion, the research on the effectiveness of health and safety procedures at Ultra Tech
Cement underscores the critical role of robust workplace policies and procedures. The findings
highlight that a heightened level of occupational health and safety awareness significantly
contributes to a safer working environment. Active participation in occupational health and safety
initiatives emerges as a key factor in mitigating workplace hazards. Ultra Tech Cement's
commitment to maintaining high standards in health and safety not only safeguards the well-being
of its workforce but also positively impacts overall operational efficiency. As industries evolve,
the study underscores the ongoing importance of fostering a culture that prioritizes health and
safety, ensuring the sustained well-being of employees and the enduring success of the
organization.
The best way to save from occupational accident and health problem is to avoid it by supporting
health and safety practices at work and if it occurs than the best way to minimize damages and
expenses of accidents and health problems by introducing reactive practices. It is also necessary
to evaluate the lessons from such accidents and health problems and update the health and safety
practices and policies accordingly. It will ensure a sustainable solution for such problems and also
ensures quickly return of workers with positive moral. These identified occupational accidents and
health problems with help the cement industry practitioners to make their health and safety plans
and practices and it also helps the companies having existing plans to update them to address all
the potential risks associated with this occupation.
This study is a step ahead to safety culture at workplaces to energize policies to attain decrease
such problems and improve working conditions in factories. Hence, this paper helps the key
stakeholders of cement industry to design efficient health and safety policies and practices because
this paper highlights the possible occupational accidents and health problems with specific
reference to cement industry only. It also identified the direct and indirect causes leading to such
occupational accidents and health problems.

32
 REFERENCE

• Green, G.M. “The J. Burns Amberson lecture. In defense of lung”. Am. Rev. Rep. Dis.
1970.102: 691-703.

• Health Questionnaire, American Thoracic Society - Division of Lung Diseases, California

institute of technology.

• Bartolozzi, L. Castiglione, A. picciotto, M., Qualitative models of equipment units and their
use in automatic.

• HAZOP analysis, Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 2000, 70 (1), 49-57.

• Syed Sana, Terrestrial Ecology laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Volume

3, Issue 5 University of Kashmir, Srinagar- J&K, India.

• Chehregani H., "Environmental Engineering in the Cement Industry" Hazeq Publication,

Industrial Energy Technology, 2004.

• Maureen, L.C. Nathalie, B.S. Anna, A. and P. K. Sharma, “The health effects of air pollution
in Delhi, India”.1860.

• Pope, C.A. and W. D. Dockery, “Health effects of fine particulate air pollution”. Air and
waste manage assoc. 2006. 56: 709-742.

• Bazas, T. Effects of occupational exposure to dust on the respiratory system of cement

workers. J. Soc. Occup. Med. 1980; 30: 31-36.

• Vestbo, J. and F. V. Rasmussen, “Long-term exposure to cement dust and later

hospitalization due to respiratory disease”. International Archives of Occupational and
Environmental Health. 1990. 62-3: 217-220.

33
• Zeleke, Z., B. Moen and M. Bratveit (2010). "Cement dust exposure and acute lung function:
A cross shift study." BMC Pulmonary Medicine 10(1): 19

• NEW Cement Hazards and Controls: Health Risks and Precautions in using Portland Cement

• Saiyed HN, RR Tiwari, “Occupational Health Research in India”, Industrial Health NIOH
Statistics on Silicosis, 2004, 42:141–8., http://www.nioh.org/niohachiveprosilicosis1.html
as retrieved on 1.08.2013.

• Cement industry in India: India Brand Equity Foundation, February 2014,

http://www.ibef.org/industry/cement-india.aspx

• T Mounia, C Rachid, C Yahyia, “Promoting a culture of health and safety at work in cement
plants.” International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com)
Vol. 2 Issue. 8.

• Health and safety in the cement industry: Examples of good practice, Cement Sustainability
Initiative (CSI), December 2004.
• L. G Burange, S Yamini, “Performance of Indian cement industry: the competitive
landscape”. University of Mumbai, Working paper ude(case)25/(9)/3/2008, April 2008.
• Mwaiselage J, Moen B, Bratveit M. “Acute respiratory health effects among cement factory
workers in Tanzania: An evaluation of a simple health surveillance tool”. Int Arch Occup
Environ Health 2006; 79:49-56.

• Saiyed HN, RR Tiwari, “Occupational Health Research in India”, Industrial Health NIOH
Statistics on Silicosis, 2004, 42:141–8., http://www.nioh.org/niohachiveprosilicosis1.html
as retrieved on 1.08.2013

• Cement industry in India: India Brand Equity Foundation, February 2014,

http://www.ibef.org/industry/cement-india.aspx

• T Mounia, C Rachid, C Yahyia, “Promoting a culture of health and safety at work in cement
plants.” International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com)
Vol. 2 Issue. 8.

• Health and safety in the cement industry: Examples of good practice, Cement Sustainability
Initiative (CSI), December 2004.

34
 Questionnaire
“Employees health and safety procedure ‘’
I Ritik Sondhiya 5TH semester BBA student of Department of Business Administration APS
University. This is a survey conducted as part of my minor report in fulfillment of the graduation
under DBA APS university. The information given by you will be used for academic purpose and
will be kept confident. I will be very much obliged. If you spare some time for answering questions.
1) Is this management helpful and sympathetic to your problems for health and safety?

a) Yes b) No c) Can’t.

A. Workplace policies and procedures

(✔) Indicate your response against the scale corresponding to the statements given below:
S.N. Statement Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly
Disagree Agree
1 Everyone receives the necessary workplace
health and safety tanning when started a
job, changing jobs or using new
technologies
2 There is regular communication between
employees and management about safety
issues

3 Workplace health and safety is at least as

important as production and quality

4 There is an active and effective health and

safety committee and/or worker health
and safety rep

5 Incidents and accidents are investigated

quickly in order to improve workplace
health and safety
6 Communication about workplace health
and safety procedure is done in a way that
I can understand

35
 B. Occupational health and safety awareness

(✔) Indicate your response against the scale corresponding to the statements given below:
S.N. Statement Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly
Agree Agree

1 I am clear about my rights and

responsibilities in relation to workplace
health and safety

I am clear about my employer’s rights and

2 responsibilities in relation to workplace
health and safety

3 I know how to perform my job in a safe

manner

4 If I become aware of a health and safety

hazard at my workplace, I know who (at my
workplace) I would report it to

5 I have the knowledge to assist in responding

to any health and safety concerns at my
workplace

6 I know that the necessary precautions are

that I should take while doing my job

36
 C. Participation in occupational health and safety

(✔) Indicate your response against the scale corresponding to the statements given below:

S.N. Statement Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly

Agree Agree

1 I feel free to voice concern or make

suggestions about workplace health and
safety at my job

2 If I notice a workplace hazard, I will point

it out to management

3 I know that I can stop work if I think

something is unsafe and management will
not give me a hard time

4 If my work environment was unsafe, I

would not say anything, and hope that the
situation eventually improves (reverse
scored)

5 I have enough time to complete my work

tasks safely

37
 D. Workplace hazards

(✔) Indicate your response against the scale corresponding to the statements given below:

S.N. Statement Never Every 6 Every 3 Every Every

Month Month Month Day
1 Manually lift, carry or push items heavier than
20 kg at least 10 times during the day

2 Do repetitive movements with your hands or

wrists. (packing, sorting, assembling, cleaning,
pulling, pushing, typing)

3 Perform work task, or use work method, that

you are not familiar with

4 Interact with hazardous substance such as

chemicals, flammable, liquids and gases

5 Work in a went, twisted or awkward work

posture

6 Work in noise level that are so Hight that you

have to raise your voice when talking to people
less than one meter away

7 Experience being bullied or harassed at work

8 Stand for more than 2 hours in a raw

38