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Provisioning Server High Availability Considerations
Provisioning Server High Availability Considerations
Design Considerations
Citrix Consulting
Overview
The purpose of this document is to give the target audience an overview about the critical components of a Citrix
Provisioning Server infrastructure with regards to a high availability implementation. These considerations focus on the
following areas:
• Virtual Disk (vDisk) Storage
• Write Cache Placement
• SQL Database
• TFTP Service
• DHCP Service
Target Audience
This document was written for information technology (IT) infrastructure specialists who are responsible for planning and
designing Provisioning Server infrastructure. These specialists include consultants, internal IT architects, and others who
are concerned with design decisions related to dynamic server provisioning.
Acknowledgement
Citrix Consulting would like to thank the customer DSV-Gruppe Deutscher Sparkassenverlag (www.dsv-gruppe.de) for
providing the test environment and test cases in order to validate typical customer challenges, which were essential for
the creation of this white paper.
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Local vDisks
Using the local hard disk subsystem of the Provisioning Servers to store the vDisks provides the easiest way of
implementing vDisk high availability without additional cost.
Note: When configuring a vDisk store pointing to a local directory of multiple servers (that is, C:\vDisks) only one item is
showed per vDisk, which allows some degree of central vDisk management.
Pros for this solution are:
• No additional cost
• Easy to implement and maintain
Cons for this solution are:
• vDisks must be manually synchronized between the Provisioning Servers
• I/O performance depends on the capabilities of the hard drive subsystem (usually equal to Network Attached
Storage (NAS))
Recommendations:
• Network Interface Card (NIC) – Teaming should be used to increase the reliability and to I/O between the
Provisioning Servers and the Target Devices
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Decisions Matrix
The following table outlines a summary of all discussed solutions and their benefit areas for Provisioning Server
implementations (1 = Least Benefit, 5= Most Benefit).
Ease of
Cost Performance Reliability Scalability
Use
Local vDisks 5 4 3 3 2
Windows File
4 5 2 1 1
Share
NAS 3 3 3 3 3
iSCSI SAN 2 2 4 5 5
o This option provides added resiliency in the event of a failure because only a single client will be affected
if the local disk associated with the system runs out of space.
• Server-side cache
o The cache file can also be stored within a shared enterprise storage solution (SAN/NAS) accessed
through the Provisioning Server. In this case, the Provisioning Server would act as a proxy between the
clients and the storage solution.
o Proxying the cache traffic through the Provisioning Server in this manner impacts the network IO and
reduces the scalability of each Provisioning Server. This will impact the performance of the desktops
being supported by the Provisioning Server as well as reduce the number of active clients that can be
supported by a single server.
o In this scenario, if the shared storage location fills up and no disk space remains for the cache, all virtual
machines may experience performance issues.
Note: For enterprise deployments, Citrix does not recommend storing the cache file locally on the
Provisioning Server.
• Client-side RAM cache
o RAM is faster than hard disk, so better performance will be seen if RAM is used.
o If RAM is used for the cache file, the file is limited in size by the amount of physical RAM available.
o If the cache file is expected to grow larger than the amount of available physical RAM in the device, the
device’s hard drive should be used instead. If the target devices do not contain hard drives (diskless),
cache files can be stored on shared enterprise storage, proxied through the Provisioning Server as
described above.
o If the target devices have hard drives, there is generally more space available for the cache file on the
hard drive than in memory.
Note: Citrix recommends leveraging the target device RAM or hard disk to store the cache files.
SQL Database
With the release of Provisioning Server 5.0 the configuration database has been changed from a JET type database to
the more robust Microsoft SQL Server. All editions of Microsoft SQL Server 2005 (even SQL Express, which is included
with the Provisioning Server disbursement) are supported, as stated in the Citrix Knowledge Base article CTX114501.
Unlike in XenApp implementations, the Provisioning Server configuration database is a highly critical component that must
be available at all times for serving Target Devices. In case of an outage of the database, existing sessions will continue
but new sessions cannot be established. Therefore the SQL database must be configured in a fully redundant manner.
Further information about how to configure a high available Microsoft SQL Server environment can be found on Microsoft
TechNet: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190202.aspx
As the DHCP options required for this task are "single entry" options, which means that only one value per option is
allowed, a limited number of configurations for providing High Availability are possible.
• DNS Round Robin: Instead of an IP address a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) (that is,
pvstftp.mycorp.local) can be configured within DHCP option 66. This FQDN can be configured for DNS Round
Robin, which means that it contains a list of multiple IPs instead of a single IP. In this scenario all systems
corresponding to the IPs configured, are used rotationally.
The downside to this is that DNS does not check whether the systems are operational or not. So if you experience
an outage on one system in a two-system bond, 50 percent of the booting Provisioning Server Target Devices will
not be served. To minimize the impact of an outage, a very short DNS time to live (TTL) for the FQDN can be
configured.
• Hardware-based load balancing (NetScaler): When using hardware-based load balancers (such as NetScaler)
all load balanced services can be checked for availability and functionality at regular intervals. If you experience
an outage on one of the servers or services, it gets automatically removed from the load balancing list. So instead
of configuring DHCP option 66 for a FQDN or referring directly to a TFTP server, a NetScaler vServer could be
created to provide all levels of redundancy for this service and its IP address would be used for this DHCP option.
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Note: Using dynamic DHCP for the Target Devices might cause in XenDesktop VDA Registration and XenApp XML
communication issues due to inconsistent DNS (FQDN) resolutions. This can be caused by TTL settings of DNS records.
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Notice
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Copyright © 2008 Citrix Systems, Inc., 851 West Cypress Creek Road, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 33309-2009
U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Version History
Author(s) Version Change Log Date
Thomas Berger 1.0 Initial documentation December 1, 2008
Principal Consultant
Consulting Services Central Europe
Tarkan Koçoğlu
Senior Architect
Worldwide Field Readiness & Productivity
Bob Hesseltine
Principal Consultant
Citrix Consulting Americas
851 West Cypress Creek Road Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309 954-267-3000 http://www.citrix.com
Copyright © 2008 Citrix Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Citrix, the Citrix logo, Citrix ICA, Citrix MetaFrame, and other Citrix product names are
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