𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 − 1 𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑆𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 2022 − 23

𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝐴
𝑏. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐻𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒 ′ 𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚.

𝑔. 𝐷𝑟𝑎𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐻𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒 ′ 𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑂𝑆𝐸𝑇 𝐿, ⊆ , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒

𝐿 = 𝑆0 , 𝑆1 , 𝑆2 , 𝑆3 , 𝑆4 , 𝑆5 , 𝑆6 , 𝑆7 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦
𝑆0 = 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑒, 𝑓 , 𝑆1 = 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑒 , 𝑆2 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑒, 𝑓} 𝑆3 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑒}
𝑆4 = 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 , 𝑆5 = 𝑎, 𝑏 , 𝑆6 = 𝑎, 𝑐 , 𝑆7 = {𝑎}

𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝐵
𝑎. 𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑋 = 1, 2, 3, 4
𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑣𝑒, 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐, 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 Τ𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐?
𝑖 𝑅1 = 1, 1 , 1, 2 , 2, 1
𝑖𝑖 𝑅2 = { 1, 1 , 1, 2 , 1, 4 , 2, 1 , 2, 2 , 3, 3 , 4, 1 , (4, 4)}
𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑅3 = { 2, 1 , 3, 1 , 3, 2 , 4, 1 , 4, 2 , (4, 3)}
 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 − 1 𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑆𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 2022 − 23

𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝐶
5. 𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑎 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒, 𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒.
 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 − 1 𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑆𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 2021 − 22
𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝐴
𝑎. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅 = 1, 1 1, 5 2, 2 2, 3 2, 6 3, 2 3, 3 3, 6 4, 4
5, 1 5, 5 6, 2 6, 3 (6, 6)} 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝐴. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑅

𝑒. 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒.

𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝐶
3. 𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑎 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛
𝐴 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎, 𝑏 𝑅 𝑐, 𝑑 𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑓 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 + 𝑑 2 . 𝐽𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

7. 𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔

𝑎 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒. 𝐽𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑓 ′𝑎′ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ′𝑏′ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ′𝑎′ 𝑖𝑓 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎′ . 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
𝑖 𝑎 ∨ 𝑎′ ∧ 𝑏 = 𝑎 ∨ 𝑏 𝑖 𝑎 ∧ 𝑎′ ∨ 𝑏 = 𝑎 ∧ 𝑏

𝑏 𝑖 𝐽𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐷36 , \ 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒.

𝑖𝑖 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐿1 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑠 𝐷6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿2 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒 (𝑃 𝑆 , ≤), 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 𝑆 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑆 = 𝑎, 𝑏 . 𝐽𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑝ℎ𝑖𝑐.
 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 − 1 𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑆𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 2020 − 21

𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝐴
𝑏. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑅 𝑏𝑒 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝐴 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑛. 𝑊𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝐴.

𝑒. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24 𝑏𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ′𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏 ′ .

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐻𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 .

𝑓. 𝐼𝑓 𝐿 𝑏𝑒 𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 𝑖𝑛 𝐿 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎 ∧ 𝑏 = 𝑎 𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏.

𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝐵
𝑐. 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑.
𝑖 𝑎 ∧ 𝑏 ∨ 𝑐 ≥ 𝑎 ∧ 𝑏 ∨ (𝑎 ∧ 𝑐)
𝑖𝑖 𝑎 ∨ 𝑏 ∧ 𝑐 ≤ 𝑎 ∨ 𝑏 ∧ (𝑎 ∨ 𝑐)
 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 − 1 𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑆𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 2019 − 20

𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝐴
𝑏. 𝐻𝑜𝑤 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 ′𝑛′ 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠?

𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝐶
3. 𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑏 𝐼𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 "divides" 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒? 𝑊ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛? 𝑅 = 𝑎, 𝑏 𝑎 > 𝑏 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑠?

5. 𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔

𝑎 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐿,∨,∧, ≤ 𝑏𝑒 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐿. 𝐼𝑓 𝑎 ∧ 𝑏 = 𝑎 ∧ 𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 ∨ 𝑏 = 𝑎 ∨ 𝑐 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑏 = 𝑐.
 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 − 1 𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑆𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 2018 − 19

𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝐴
𝑎. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑡 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠.
𝑖 {𝑎} 𝑖𝑖 {𝑎, 𝑏} 𝑖𝑖𝑖 {∅, {∅} 𝑖𝑣 {𝑎, 𝑎 }

𝑏. 𝐷𝑟𝑎𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐻𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐷30 .

𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝐵
𝑎. 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝐴, ≤ 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 ≤ 𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡
𝑎 ∨ 𝑐 ≤ 𝑏 ∨ 𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 ∧ 𝑐 ≤ 𝑏 ∧ 𝑑.

𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝐶
5. 𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑎 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ⊆ 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑆.
𝐷𝑟𝑎𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐻𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑃 𝑆 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑆 = 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 .
𝐴𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑃 𝑆 , ⊆ 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒.