SHS

General Chemistry 2
Activity Sheet
Quarter 3 – MELC 10-11
Week 4
Colligative Properties of Solution

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

General Chemistry 2
Activity Sheet No. 8- Colligative Properties of Solution
First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

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Editor: Dannie Clark M. Uguil

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Rusil N. Sombito
Eunice A. Malala

Division of Negros Occidental Management Team:

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Zaldy H. Reliquias
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Othelo M. Beating

Regional Management Team

Ramir B. Uytico
Pedro T. Escobarte, Jr.
Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Genine
Rovel R. Salcedo
Moonyeen C. Rivera
Anita S. Gubalane
Minda L. Soldevilla
Daisy L. Lopez
Joseph M. Pagalaran
Introductory Message
Welcome to General Chemistry 2!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division of Negros Occidental and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western
Visayas through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is
developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible adults)
in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education
Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and
employment.

For learning facilitator:

The General Chemistry 2 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the leaching-
learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) with
minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and learner. This will be made
available to the learners with the references/links to ease the independent learning.

For the learner:

The General Chemistry 2 Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue

learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides you with
meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active learner,
carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the activities and answer
the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed schedule.
Name of Learner: ___________________________________________________
Grade and Section: ___________________________Date: ___________________

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2 ACTIVITY SHEET No. 8

Colligative Properties of Solution

I. Learning Competency with Code

● Describe the effect of concentration on the colligative properties of
solutions (STEM_GC11PPIIId-f-115)
● Differentiate the colligative properties of nonelectrolyte solutions and
electrolyte solutions. (STEM_GC11PPllld-f-116)

II. Background Information for Learners

There are some important physical properties of a solution which are
more directly dependent on the concentration of the solute particles. Such
properties are called colligative properties of a solution.

Colligative properties are properties of a solution that depend only on the

number and not on the identity of a solute particles. Thus, these depend on the
collective effect of the concentration of solute particles present in an ideal
solution. Colligative properties include vapor pressure lowering, boiling point
elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure.

● Effect of solute concentration on the colligative properties of solution.

Sugar and NaCl (table salt) are examples of nonvolatile solutes, presence
of these in a solution have an effect on the colligative properties of solution.
The ratio of the number of particles of solute and solvent in the solution has
an effect on the colligative properties not on the nature of the solute.

● Effects of electrolyte and nonelectrolyte on colligative properties of

solutions.
Since a nonelectrolyte solute does not ionize in solution, the number of
solute particles will be less in a solution containing nonelectrolyte solute
than in solution containing an electrolyte solute. Thus, the effect of an
electrolyte solute will be significant than a nonelectrolyte solute in a
solution.

● Vapor Pressure Lowering

The Vapor pressure is a direct measure of escaping tendency of molecules.
A pure liquid (solvent) in a closed container will establish equilibrium with
its vapor. And when the equilibrium is reached, the pressure exerted by the
vapor pressure. A substance that has no measurable vapor pressure is
nonvolatile, while one that exhibits a vapor pressure is volatile.

The escaping tendency of the molecules is high, and the vapor pressure is
high if the substance is volatile. However, a low vapor pressure occurs in
nonvolatile substance because it has a low escaping tendency. If the
solution contains a nonvolatile solute, the molecules of solute occupy the
space at the surface thus, hindering the solvent molecules to escape. The
 interaction between the solute and solvent is greater than the solvent-
solvent interaction in a solution, thus, making molecules difficult to escape.
Lower vapor pressure of the solution becomes lower than pure solvent. The
greater the concentration of solute present, the greater the vapor pressure
lowering. The number of solute particles is greater in a solution containing
an electrolyte solute, then the vapor pressure of a solution containing an
electrolyte solute will be lower than the vapor pressure of a solution
containing a nonelectrolyte solute.

It is important to take into consideration whether the solute is an

electrolyte or non-electrolyte. Ionic compounds like sodium chloride, NaCl,
are strong electrolytes that separate into ions when they dissolve in
solution resulting in an increased number of dissolved particles. Consider
two different solutions of equal concentration: one is made from ionic
compound NaCl, while the other is made from the molecular compound
glucose (C6H12O6). The equations below show what happens when these
solutions dissolve:

C6H12O6 (s) ————-> C6H12O6 (aq) 1 dissolved particle

NaCl(s) ———> Na+ (aq) + Cl - (aq) 2 dissolved particles

Glucose does not dissociate into ions while sodium chloride, NaCl
dissociate into 2 ions. The same concentrations of each solution will result
in twice as many dissolved particles as in the case of NaCl.
In the solution (electrolyte) the vapor pressure of the solvent is lowered
twice as much as that of the solvent in the glucose (nonelectrolyte) solution.
More solute particles covered the surface of salt solution preventing the
solvent to evaporate, thus lowering the vapor pressure of solvent.
● Boiling Point Elevation.
Boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals
to applied pressure on its surface. For liquids in open container, this is
atmospheric pressure. The vapor pressure of a solvent at a given
temperature is lowered by the presence in it of a nonvolatile solute. Such a
solution must be heated to a higher temperature than the pure solvent to
cause the vapor pressure of the solvent to equal to atmospheric pressure.

The boiling point elevation (∆Tb) is the amount by which the boiling
point temperature of a solvent is raised . It is the difference between the
boiling point of a solution and the boiling point of a pure solvent.

The lowering of the vapor pressure in a solution causes the boiling point
of the solution to be higher than pure solvent.

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 In accord with Raoult’s Law, the elevation of the boiling point of a solvent
caused by the presence of a nonvolatile, nonionized solute is
proportional to the number of moles of solute dissolved in a given mass
of solvent . Mathematically, this is expressed as

∆Tb= Kbm

Where: Kb= molal boiling point elevation constant

m = molality of solute
∆Tb = boiling point elevation

● Freezing Point Depression

The freezing point of a substance is the temperature at which the
solid and liquid phases coexist, and their vapor pressures are the same. If
a nonvolatile solute is added to a solvent, the freezing point of the solvent
is lowered and the reduction in the freezing point of the solvent is lowered.
The reduction in the freezing point depends on the number of moles of
solute present. The effect of electrolytes as solutes is greater than non-
electrolytes because electrolytes ionize in solution and such contain a
greater number of particles. The greater the number of particles, the greater
the effect on the reduction of the freezing point.

When the vapor pressure is lowered in a solution it causes the boiling point
of the solution to be higher than the solvent. Thus, adding solute will decrease
the freezing point of solvent.
The magnitude of the freezing point depression is directly proportional
to the molality of the solution Thus:
Tf = Kf m
Where:
Kf – is the molal freezing - point depression constant., a constant that is
equal to the change in the freezing point for a 1 molal solution of a
nonvolatile molecular solute
Tf – freezing point depression
m – molality of solute

● Osmotic pressure
Osmosis is the spontaneous process by which the solvent molecules
pass through a semipermeable membrane from a solution of lower
concentration of solute into a solution of higher concentration of solute. A
semipermeable membrane (e.g. cellophane) allows the passage only of
certain molecules. In case of osmosis, a semipermeable membrane allows
the passage of solvent but not the solute. If the semipermeable membrane
is placed in between two solution of different concentrations, the solvent
will flow from a region of the less concentrated solution to the more
concentrated solution. The movement of the solvent continues until
concentration on both sides are the same as shown in Figure 1 below. The
spontaneous process by which the solvent molecules pass through a
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 semipermeable membrane from a solution of lower concentration of solute
into a solution of higher concentration of solute. A semipermeable
membrane (e.g. cellophane) allows the passage only of certain molecules.
In case of osmosis, a semipermeable membrane allows the passage of
solvent but not the solute. If the semipermeable membrane is placed in
between two solution of different concentrations, the solvent will flow from
a region of the less concentrated solution to the more concentrated
solution. The movement of the solvent continues until concentration on both
sides are the same.

The osmotic pressure is the pressure needed to prevent osmosis. The

osmotic pressure will be applied to the more concentrated solution so that
the solvent flows from the more concentrated solution to the less
concentrated solution. This is called reverse osmosis which is a process
applied in purification of water.

Figure 1. Osmotic Pressure

III. Activity Proper

Activity 1: A puzzle game called How to Lift an Ice Cube Using a Toothpick.
Directions: Perform the activity by following the procedures given below and
answer the questions that follow.

Procedure:
a. Allow an ice cube to float on water in a bowl.
b. Lay a toothpick carefully on top of the ice cube.
c. Then sprinkle some NaCl (table salt) crystals around the toothpick.
d. Allow the salt to freeze and you will be able to lift the ice using a toothpick.

Guide Questions:
1. How can you lift an ice cube, using only one toothpick?
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 8
Activity 1
By placing a toothpick on the ice cube with sprinkled NaCl crystal around the
toothpick.
When you sprinkle salt around the toothpick, there is ice water in the area
around the toothpick. This is because saltwater freezes at a lower
temperature than ordinary water. It means that the temperature of salt water is
lower than 0 0C to freeze. However, there is no NaCl crystals under the
toothpick and it becomes frozen into the ice. This enables to lift the ice cubes
with a toothpick.
Activity 2
Ionic compound like sodium chloride has greater effect on the colligative
properties of solution because they separate into ions when they dissolve in
solution resulting in an increase total number of particles in solution.
Ionic compounds are electrolytes that separate into two or more ions when
they dissolve. The values of the freezing point depression will be greater than
they would be for an equal molality of a nonelectrolyte.
Adding nonvolatile solute like salt to a solvent like water, will raise the boiling
point of solution above that of pure solvent.
Answer Key V.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
canister that contain ice cream?
Why ice cream vendors used crushed ice sprinkled with salt around the metal
Reflection IV.
___________________________________________________________
water?
3. NaCl is an ionic compound, what effect would it have on the boiling point of
___________________________________________________________
depression.
2. Describe the effect of electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solutes in freezing point
___________________________________________________________
colligative properties of solution?
1. Why do ionic compounds like sodium chloride has greater effect on the
sheet of paper.
and answer the guide questions. Write your answer on a separate
Directions: Read and understand the given background information above
Activity 2
__________________________________________________________
toothpick.
2. Based on the activity, discuss why you can lift the ice cube using a
VI. References
Emil F. Soriano, Celeste Joan C. Santisteban, and Erla Rhysa R. Elauria.
Chemistry for the New Millennium

Marissa F. Ayson, Rebecca S. De Borja. General Chemistry 2

Whitten, Davis, Peck, and Stanley. General Chemistry

Teaching Guide for Senior High School published by the Commission on

Higher Education, 2016.

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