Higher Mathematics

Polynomial

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For Target 95+ Course (HSC-2024)

An Eram Tahmid Origina

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Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

eûc`x msL¨vgvjv ( Polynomials ) : eûc`x msL¨vgvjv (Polynomials ) : mKj exRMvwYwZK msL¨vgvjv (Algebric
Expression) hv‡`i Pj‡Ki (variable) m~PK (Power) ALÛ (Integer) msL¨v Zv‡`i eûc`x msL¨v gvjv (Polynomials) e‡j †hgbt
x2, x3+8, x7+5x+8x2, x3+8, x2+5x+8 BZ¨vw` Giv n‡jv eûc`x msL¨vgvjv| KviY G‡`i Pjক x Gi m~PK¸wj ALÛ| wKš‘ √x +
1, 3x 4 + 3√y, x 2 − √yx + 1 BZ¨vw` eûc`x msL¨vgvjv bq| KviY G‡`i x Ges y Pj‡Ki m~PK me©`v ALÛ bq|

A‡f` I mgxKiY wPwbt

 n0 mgxKi‡Yi nwU g~j _v‡K|
 n0 A‡f‡`i AmsL¨ g~j _v‡K|
 A‡f‡`i †ÿ‡Î সব পদের mnM 0 nq

D`vniY-1 : 𝐤(𝐱 − 𝟐)𝟐 + 𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 ; 𝐤 Gi gvb KZ n‡j GwU A‡f` n‡e?

সমাধানঃ
kx 2 − 4kx + 4k + x 2 − 4x + 4 = 0
⇒ x 2 (k + 1) − x(4k + 4) + (4k + 4) = 0
∴ k = −1n‡j GwU A‡f` n‡e| (Ans)

eûc`x dvskb (Polynomial Function)

f(n) = a0 x n + a1 x n−1 + a2 x n−2 + a3 x n−3 +. … … … … … … … + an

ev, ∑ni=0 ai x n−i = a0 x n + a1 x n−1 + a2 x n−2 + ⋯ + an−1 x + an = 0

[ a0 ≠ 0, n € N]

f(x) = constant → aªæeK eûc`x, k~b¨ gvÎv

f(x) = 0 → k~b¨ eûc`x, gvত্রা AmsÁvwqZ

Topic -1 :
fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ (Remainder Theorem )
f(x) GKwU eûc`x msL¨vgvjv hvi gvÎv n ; ( n ≥ 1 ) Ges a †h‡Kvb GKwU msL¨v হলে f(x) ‡K ( x – a ) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e
f(a)

D`vniY-2 : 𝐟(𝐱) = 𝐱 𝟑 − 𝟐𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟔𝐱 − 𝟏 eûc`x msL¨vgvjv‡K ( x – 2 ) w`‡q fvM Ki‡j wK fvM‡kl cvIqv hvq?
সমাধানঃ
fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ †_‡K Avgiv f(x) = x 3 − 2x 2 + 6x − 1 †K ( x – 2 ) w`য়ে fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e f(2).
AZGe wb‡Y©q fvM‡kl-
f (2) = 23−2×22+6×2−1
=8−8+12−1=11

D`vniY-1 : hw` ax2+3x−5 Ges x2−2x+a eûc`x msL¨vgvjvØq †K ( x – 3 ) Øviv fvM Ki‡j GKB fvM‡kl _v‡K Z‡e, a Gi gvb wbY©q K‡iv|
সমাধানঃ
g‡b Kwi, f(x) = ax2+3x−5 Ges g(x) = x2−2x+a
f(x) ‡K (x-3) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl cvB f(3) = a×32+3×3−5 = 9a+9−5 = 9a+4
g(x) †K ( x - 3 ) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl cvB g(3) = 32−2×3+a = 9−6+a = 3+a
cÖkœvbymv‡র,
9a+4 = 3+a
⇒8a = −1
⇒a = −1/8

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Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

Topic -2 :
Drcv`K Dccv`¨ (Factor theorem):
hw` f(x) ‡Kvb GKwU eûc`x msL¨v gvjvi gvÎv n ; ( n≥ 1 ) Ges a †h‡Kvb GKwU we¯Ívi msL¨v nq,
Zvn‡j ( x - a ), f(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡e hw` I †Kej hw` f(a) = 0 nq|

D`vniY-3 : ( x-2 ) , f(x) = x3−x−6 GB eûc`x ivwk gvjvi Drcv`K wK bv cixÿv Ki|
সমাধানঃ
f(2) = 23−2−6 = 8−8 = 0
myZivs, †`Lv hv‡”Q fvM‡kl k~b¨|
AZGe ( x-2 ), f(x) = x3-x-6 GB eûc`x ivwkgvjvi Drcv`K|
D`vniY-4 : k Gi gvb KZ n‡j (3x−2), 15x2−kx−14 Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡e?
সমাধানঃ
g‡b Kwi f(x) = 15x2 – kx −14
2
GLb 3x−2=0 ⇒x =3
‡h‡nZz (3x−2), 15x2−kx−14 Gi GKwU Drcv`K
2
AZGe f (3) = 0
AZGe, 15 ( 2/3 )2 – k ( 2/3 ) – 14 = 0
বা, k = -11
AZGe, k = -11 n‡j, (3x−2), 15x2−kx−14 Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡e|
Topic-3 :
eûc`x nIqvi kZ©
f(n) = a0 x n + a1 x n−1 + a2 x n−2 + a3 x n−3 +. … … … … … … … + an

ev, ∑ni=0 ai x n−i = a0 x n + a1 x n−1 + a2 x n−2 + ⋯ + an−1 x + an = 0 [ a0 ≠ 0, n € N]

Condition:
(i) n abvZ¥K c~Y© msL¨v|
(ii) µgea©gvb ev µg n«vmgvb|
G kZ© ¯^v‡c‡ÿ Dc‡ii mgxKiYwU eûc`x dvskb|
‡hgbt 𝐟(𝐱) = 𝟐𝐱 𝟑 + 𝟑𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟓𝐱 + 𝟕 → wÎNvZx eûc`x dvskb|
𝟕
𝐟(𝐱) = 𝟐𝐱 𝟑 + 𝟑𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟓𝐱 + 𝐱 → eûc`x dvskb নে|

D`vniY-5 : wb‡Pi †KvbwU eûc`x Avi †KvbwU bq Zv wPwýZ Ki|

(i) 𝐱 (ii) 5 (iii) 𝐱 𝟓 + 𝟕𝐱 𝟑 + √𝐱

𝟑
(iv) √𝟑 (v) 5+5i (vi) cos(2𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 √𝐱)
সমাধানঃ

Topic-4 :
n msL¨vg~j msµvšÍ
eûc`xq ivwki NvZ n‡jv cª`Ë Pjivwk¸wji m‡eŸ©v”P NvZ ev gvÎv ( degree ).
‡hgb f(x) = 5x3 − 3x + 8 GB eûc`x msL¨vgvjvi gvÎv n‡jv 3.
Avevi, g(x) = 5x15 − 3x2 + 8 GB eûc`x msL¨vgvjvi gvÎv n‡jv 15.
| x Gi m‡Ÿ©v”P Power hZ n‡e g~j ZZ¸‡jv _vK‡e|

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Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

D`vniY-6 : GKUv equation ‰Zwi Ki‡Z n‡e hvi g~j n‡jv 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.

সমাধানঃ
(x − 2) (x − 3) (x − 4) (x − 5) (x − 6) (x − 7) (x − 8) = 0

D`vniY-7 : PviNvZ wewkó GKwU mgxKiY MVb Ki hvi `yBwU g~j h_vµ‡g 2 Ges 3 Ges evwK `yB g~j 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟓 = 𝟎 mgxKi‡Yi g~j|
সমাধানঃ
(x − 2)(x − 3)(x 2 + 4x + 5) = 0
Topic-5:
wbðvqK (Discriminant):
ax 2 + bx + c = O
−b±√b2 −4ac
⇒x=
2a
GLv‡b, a, b hw` মূ j` (Rational) nq Z‡e A‡bK¸‡jv kZ© †jLv hvq|
→ D = b2 − 4ac GwU mgxKiY¸‡jv †Kgb n‡e Zvi wbðqZv ‡`q, ZvB D †K wbðvqK e‡j|
 wbðvqK Øviv ax2 + bx + c = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~j؇qi cÖK…wZ Rvbv hvq-
(A) b2 - 4ac > 0, A_©vr wbðvqK abvZ¥K n‡j, g~jØq ev¯Íe Ges Amgvb ( Real & Unequal) n‡e|
i) b24ac c~Y©eM© msL¨v ev ivwk n‡j, g~jØq g~j` (Rational) I Amgvb n‡e|
ii) b24ac c~Y©eM© msL¨v ev ivwk bv n‡j, g~jØq অg~j` I Amgvb n‡e|
(B) b2 4ac = 0 n‡j, g~jØq ev¯Íe Ges mgvb n‡e|
(C) b2 4ac<0, A_©vr wbðvqK FYvZ¥K n‡j, g~jØq RwUj n‡e|

D`vniY-8 : p Gi gvb KZ n‡j (𝟑𝐩 + 𝟏)𝐱 𝟐 + (𝟏𝟏 + 𝐩)𝐱 + 𝟗 = 𝟎 mgxKi‡Yi g~jØq

(i) ev¯Íe I mgvb n‡e|
(ii) ev¯Íe I Amgvb n‡e|
(iii) RwUj n‡e|
সমাধানঃ
GLv‡b, a = 3p + 1, b = 11+ p Ges c = 9
cÖ`Ë mgxKiYwUi c„_vqK,
D = b2 − 4ac
= (11 + p)2 − 4. (3p + 1). 9
= 121 + 22p + p2 — 108p − 36
= p2 − 86p + 85
= p2 − 85p − p + 85
= p(p − 85) − 1(p − 85)
= (p − 85)(p − 1)
(i) g~jØq ev¯Íe I mgvb n‡j
D=0 ⇒ (p − 1)(p − 85) = 0
∴ p = 1,85 (answer)
(ii) g~jØq ev¯Íe I Amgvb n‡j
D>0 ⇒ (p − 1)(p − 85)>0
kZ©wU mZ¨ n‡e hw` (p - 1) Ges (p - 85) Gi DfqB abvZ¥K A_ev DfqB FYvZ¥K nq|
A_©vr p − 1 > 0 Ges p − 85 > 0 A_ev, p − 1 < 0 Ges p − 85 < 0
⇒ p > 1Ges p > 85 ⇒ p < 1 Ges p < 85
∴ p < 1 (answer) ∴ p > 85 A_ev p < 1 (answer)
(iii) g~jØq RwUj n‡j
D<0 ⇒ (p − 1)(p − 85) < 0
kZ©wU mZ¨ n‡e hw` (p - 1) Ges (p - 85) Gi GKwU abvZ¥K Ges Ab¨wU FYvZ¥K nq|
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Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

A_©vr, p − 1 > 0 Ges p − 85 < 0 cybivq p − 1 < 0 Ges p − 85 > 0

⇒ p > 1 Ges p < 85 ⇒ p < 1 Ges p > 85
∴ 1 < p < 85 hv Am¤¢e
(answer)

D`vniY-9 : (𝐤 − 𝟐)𝐱 𝟐 − (𝟖 − 𝟐𝐤)𝐱 − (𝟖 − 𝟑𝐤) = 𝟎 mgxKi‡Y k Gi gvb KZ n‡j g~j¸‡jv ev¯Íe n‡e|
সমাধানঃ D = {−(8 − 2k)}2 − 4(k − 2){−(8 − 3k)}
= 64 − 32k + 4k 2 + (4k − 8)(8 − 3k)
= 4k 2 − 32k + 64 + 32k − 12k 2 − 64 + 24k
= −8k 2 + 24k
= −8K (k − 3)
ev¯Íe n‡e hw`, D ≥ 0
⇒ −8k (k − 3) ≥ 0
⇒ k (k − 3) ≤ 0
⇒ 0 ≤ k ≤ 3 Gi Rb¨ g~jØq ev¯Íe n‡e|
→ k = 0, 3 হলে g~jØq mgvb n‡e|

D`vniY-10 : mgxKiY 𝐱 𝟒 + 𝐚𝟐 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐚𝟒 = 𝟎 Gi g~‡jর cÖK…wZ †Kgb n‡e?

সমাধানঃ
let, x2 = y
y 2 + a2 y + a4 = 0
(y + a2 )2 − a2 y = 0
y + a2 = ±a√y
⇒ x 2 + a2 = ±ax
⇒ x 2 ± ax + a2 = 0

D = (±a)2 − 4.1. a2
= a2 − 4a2
= −3a2 < 0
য়েলহতু , ননশ্চােক negative.
∴ x Gi gvb RwUj n‡eZ

5|Polynomial
Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

𝟐 𝟏𝟏
D`vniY-11: i) √𝟑𝐱 𝟐 − 𝐱 − 𝟑√𝟑 wbðvqK KZ n‡e?
√𝟐
ii) g~‡ji cÖK…wZ †Kgb? A) ev¯Íe/RwUj B) mgvb/Amgvb C) g~j`/Ag~j`
সমাধানঃ

D`vniY-12 : 𝐚2𝐱2 +𝟔𝐚𝐛𝐱 + 𝐚𝐜 + 𝟖𝐛2 =0 mgxKi‡Yi g~j `yBwU mgvb n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h,
𝐚𝐜(𝐱 + 𝟏)2 = 𝟒𝐛𝐱2 mgxKi‡Yi g~j¸‡jv mgvb n‡e|
সমাধানঃ

𝐱 𝟐 −𝟐𝐱+𝟐 𝟐
D`vniY-13 : ‡`LvI †h, 𝐱 𝟐−𝐱+𝟏 ivwkwUi gvb 𝟑 †_‡K 𝟐 Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡e?
সমাধানঃ
𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟐
=𝐤
𝐱𝟐 − 𝐱 + 𝟏
⇒ (𝐤 − 𝟏)𝐱 𝟐 + (𝟐 − 𝐤)𝐱 + (𝐤 − 𝟐) = 𝟎
D  0  2  x   4k  1k  2  0  k  2  3k  2  0
2

 k  2 3k  2  0
𝟐
≤𝐤≤𝟐
𝟑

D`vniY-14: hw` 𝐚𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐛𝐲 𝟐 + 𝐜𝐳 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐚𝐲𝐳 + 𝟐𝐛𝐳𝐱 + 𝟐𝐜𝐱𝐲 †K `ywU GKNvZ Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Kiv hvq Z‡e cÖgvY K‡iv †h,
𝐚 + 𝐛 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 A_ev, 𝐚 = 𝐛 = 𝐜

সমাধানঃ
cÖ`Ë ivwkwU‡K x Gi Nv‡Zi Aatµ‡g wj‡L cvB,
ax 2 + 2(bz + cy)x + by 2 + cz 2 + 2ayz
¯úóZB, (1) Gi wØNvZ ivwk‡K x Gi `ywU GKNvZ Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Kiv hv‡e hw`,
ax 2 + 2(bz + cy)x + by 2 + cz 2 + 2ayz = 0
wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi wbiƒcK
A_©vr 4(bz + cy)2 − 4a(by 2 + cz 2 + 2ayz)
= 4(b2 z 2 + c 2 y 2 + 2bcyz) − 4(aby 2 + acz 2 + 2a2 yz)
= 4(b2 z 2 + c 2 y 2 + 2bcyz) − 4(aby 2 + acz 2 + 2a2 yz)
= 4[(c 2 − ab)y 2 + 2(bc − a2 )zy + (b2 − ac)z 2 ]. . . . . . . . . . . . . (2)
GKwU abvZ¥K c~Y©eM© ivwk nq|
Avevi, y −Gi wØNvZ ivwk (2) GKwU c~Y©eM© ivwk n‡e, hw` (c 2 − ab)y + 2(bc − a2 )zy + (b2 − ac)z 2 = 0 wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi
2

wbðvqK k~b¨ nq|

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Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

 4bc  a 2  z 2  4. c 2  ab  b 2  ac z 2  0
2

 b 2 c 2  a 4  2bca 2  ab 3  ac 3  a 2 bc  0  a 3  b 3  c 3  3abc  0  z  0
 a 3  b 3  c 3  3abc  0  a  0
 a  b  c  a  b  b  c   c  a    0
2 2 2

∴ nq 𝐚 + 𝐛 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 bZzev (𝐚 − 𝐛)𝟐 + (𝐛 − 𝐜)𝟐 + (𝐜 − 𝐚)𝟐 = 𝟎. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (𝟑)

∵ 𝐚, 𝐛, 𝐜 ev¯Íe, myZivs (𝐚 − 𝐛)𝟐 , (𝐛 − 𝐜)𝟐 , (𝐜 − 𝐚)𝟐 Gi †Kv‡bvwUB FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv|
myZivs, (3) kZ© wm× n‡Z n‡j cÖ‡Z¨KwU eM©ivwki gb c„_Kfv‡e k~b¨ n‡Z n‡e|
∴ 𝐚 − 𝐛 = 𝟎; 𝐛 − 𝐜 = 𝟎Ges 𝐜 − 𝐚 = 𝟎
 a  b ; b  c Ges 𝐜 = 𝐚 A_©vr 𝐚 = 𝐛 = 𝐜
myZivs cÖ`Ë ivwkwU‡K `ywU GKNvZ Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Kiv hv‡e hw` 𝐚 + 𝐛 + 𝐜 = 𝟎A_ev, 𝐚 = 𝐛 = 𝐜 nq (cÖgvwYZ)

Topic-6:
GKwU g~‡ji mv‡_ Aci g~‡ji m¤úK©
(i) ev¯Íe mnM wewkó †h †Kvb wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi GKwU g~j RwUj n‡j, Aci g~jwUI RwUj n‡e Ges Giv AbyeÜx RwUj hyMj n‡e|
A_v©r, ax2 + bx + c = 0 mgxKi‡Yi (†hLv‡b a, b, c ev¯Íe) GKwU g~j p+iq AciwU n‡j AciwU n‡e p-iq

D`vniY-14 : GKwU wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi GKwU g~j 𝟏 + 𝟐𝐢 n‡j mgxKiYwU wbY©q Ki|
সমাধানঃ α = 1 + 2i
β = 1 − 2i
x 2 − (α + β)x + αβ = 0
⇒ x 2 − 2x + (1 + 4) = 0
⇒ x 2 − 2x + 5 = 0 .
(ii) g~j` mnMwewkó †h †Kvb wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi GKwU g~j Ag~j` n‡j, Aci g~jwU Gi AbyeÜx g~j` n‡e| †hgb: GKwU g~j p+√q n‡j
AciwU n‡e p-√q

(iii) D c~Y©eM© msL¨v bv n‡j g~jØq Ag~j` I Amgvb n‡e| Ges GKwU g~j জানা থাকলে Ab¨ g~j e‡j †`Iqv m¤¢e|
−b √D −b √D
x= + , −
2a 2a 2a 2a

EX: GKwU g~j 2 + √3 n‡j Ab¨g~j 2 − √3

(iv) D = 0 n‡j g~jØq ev¯Íe I GKB n‡e|

−b±√0 −b −b
x= + 0, 2a − 0
2a 2a
2
x − 2x + 1 = 0
=> (x − 2)2 = 0
=> x = 2, 2
এখানে, D = (−2)2 − 4.1.1 = 0

Topic-7:
g~j I mn‡Mi g‡a¨ m¤úK©t
g~j mnM m¤úK©: (𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧) :
 𝐧𝟎 eûc`xi ∑mnM = 𝟎 n‡j (𝐱 − 𝟏)eûc`xwUi GKwU Drcv`K A_©vr 𝐱 = 𝟏 GKwU g~j n‡e|

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Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

D`vniY-15 : 𝐱 𝟕 − 𝟓𝐱 𝟔 + 𝟒𝟏𝐱 𝟓 + 𝟔𝐱 𝟒 − 𝟑𝟑𝐱 𝟑 + 𝟐𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 †K (𝐱 − 𝟏)Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ?

সমাধানঃ ∑mnM = 𝟏 − 𝟓 + 𝟒𝟏 + 𝟔 − 𝟑𝟑 + 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
∴ (𝐱 − 𝟏) GKwU Drcv`K
∴ 𝐱 = 𝟏GKwU g~j
∴fvM‡kl = 𝟎

 wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi †¶‡Î , ax2 + bx+c = 0 mgxKi‡Yi GKwU g~j  I Av‡iKwU g~j  n‡j,
−b
g~j؇qi †hvMdj, += a
c
Ges g~j؇qi ¸Ydj, αβ = a

D`vniY-16 : ax2+bx+c = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~j¸‡jvi AbycvZ n‡jv 3:4. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, 12b2=49ac
সমাধানঃ

 Shortcut:
𝐚𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐛𝐱 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 G
(𝐢) 𝐜 = 𝟎 n‡j 𝟎 GKwU g~j|
(𝐢𝐢) 𝐛 = 𝟎 n‡j, g~jØq †hvMvZ¥K wecixZ A_©vr 𝛂, −𝛂
(𝐢𝐢𝐢) 𝐚 Ges 𝐜 Gi wPý wecixZ n‡j g~jØq Aek¨B ev¯Íe
𝟏
(𝐢𝐯) 𝐚 = 𝐜 n‡j g~jØq ¸YvZ¥K wecixZ A_©vr 𝛂,
𝛂

D`vniY-17 : 𝟐𝟕𝐱2 +𝟔𝐱 − (𝐏 + 𝟐) = 𝟎 GKwUi root Ab¨wUi e‡M©i mgvb n‡j, P = ?

সমাধানঃ

D`vniY-18 : 𝐚(𝐛 − 𝐜)𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐛(𝐜 − 𝐚)𝐱 + 𝐜(𝐚 − 𝐛) = 𝟎 g~jØq ev¯Íe I mgvb n‡j 𝐚, 𝐛, 𝐜 fvwRZ/wecixZ cªMgb/
𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐜 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 G _v‡K
সমাধানঃ
𝐱 = 𝟏 n‡j, 𝐚(𝐛 − 𝐜) + 𝐛(𝐜 − 𝐚) + 𝐜(𝐚 − 𝐛) = 𝟎
∴ 𝐱 = 𝟏 GKwU g~j
ca  b 
1  1   ab  ac  ca  bc  ab  b  2ac
ab  c 
1 1 2
  
a c b

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Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

D`vniY-19 : 𝐩𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐪𝐱 + 𝐫 = 𝟎 mgxKi‡Yi GKwU exR Ab¨wUi Nb (𝐜𝐮𝐛𝐞) n‡j †`LvI †h, 𝐫𝐩(𝐫 + 𝐩)𝟐 = (𝐪𝟐 − 𝟐𝐫𝐩)𝟐
সমাধানঃ
px 2 + qx + r = 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)

cÖkœvbyhvqx (1) mgxKi‡Yi GKwU exR Ab¨wUi Nb; myZivs GKwU exR a n‡j Ab¨ exRwU a3 n‡e|
q
∴ a + a3 = − p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2)

r r
Ges a. a 3   a 4  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3)
p p

GLb, (2) †_‡K cvB, 

a 1 a2   q
p
2
 q2
 a 1  2a 2  a 4  2
p
 [eM© K‡i]

q2
a2 + 2a4 + a2 . a4 =
p2
r r q2 r
⇒ a2 + 2. p + a2 . p = p2 [∵ a4 = p]

r q2 2r
⇒ a2 (1 + ) = 2 −
p p p
1
⇒ a2 (r + p) = p (q2 − 2rp)

1
⇒ a4 (r + p)2 = p2 (q2 − 2rp)2 [eM© K‡i]
r 1
⇒ p (r + p)2 = p2 (q2 − 2rp)2

⇒ rp(r + p)2 = (q2 − 2rp)2 [cÖgvwYZ]

Topic-8:
mgxKiY ˆZixt
 ‡Kvb mgxKi‡Yi g~j¸‡jv  I  n‡j, mgxKiYt 𝐱2−𝐱(𝛂 + 𝛃) + 𝛂𝛃 = 𝟎

D`vniY-20 : `yRb‡K GKwU wØNvZ mgxKiY mgvavb Ki‡Z w`j| cÖ_g Rb 𝐱 Gi mnM fzj wj‡L 𝟐, 𝟔 g~j †cj| Ab¨Rb aªæeKc` fzj wj‡L
𝟐, −𝟗 g~j †cj| mwVK mgxKiYwU wjL| 𝐁𝐔𝐄𝐓 ∶ 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟏𝟕:
সমাধানঃ
1g †ÿ‡Î ((𝐱 − 𝟐)(𝐱 − 𝟔) = 𝟎

⇒ 𝐱𝟐 − 𝟖𝐱 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎

fzj mwVK
2q †ÿ‡Î (𝐱 − 𝟐) (𝐱 + 𝟗) = 𝟎
⇒ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟕𝐱 − 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟎

mwVK fzj
অতএব, সঠিক সমীকরণ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟕𝐱 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
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Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

𝟏 𝟏
D`vniY-21 : 𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟓𝐱 + 𝟔 = 𝟎 mgxKi‡Yi g~jØq 𝛂, 𝛃 n‡j , g~j wewkó mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
𝛂 𝛃
সমাধানঃ
α + β = 5, αβ = 6
1 1 1
x 2 − (α + β) x + αβ = 0
α+β 1
⇒ x 2 − ( αβ ) x + αβ = 0
5 1
⇒ x2 − 6 x + 6 = 0
⇒ 6x 2 − 5x + 1 = 0

D`vniY-22 : 𝟐𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟖𝐱 + 𝟕 = 𝟎 mgxKi‡Yi g~jØq 𝛂, 𝛃 n‡j (𝛂2+𝛃) I (𝛃2+ 𝛂) Root wewkó mgxKiY wjL|
সমাধানঃ

𝐪 𝐪
D`vniY-23 : 𝐱2−𝐩𝐱 + 𝐪 = 0 Gi g~j¸‡jv 𝛂, 𝛃 n‡j 𝐩−𝛂, 𝐩−𝛃 g~jwewkó mgxKiY wjL|
সমাধানঃ

D`vniY-24 : 𝐚𝐱2+𝟐𝐛𝐱 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 mgxKi‡Yi g~j¸‡jv 𝛂, 𝛃 n‡j Ges 𝐀𝐱2+𝟐𝐁𝐱 + 𝐂 = 𝟎 Gi g~j¸‡jv (α+), (𝛃 + ) n‡j cÖgvb Ki
𝐛𝟐 −𝐚𝐜 𝐁 𝟐 −𝐀𝐂
†h, 𝐚𝟐
= 𝐀𝟐
সমাধানঃ

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Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

𝛂𝟐 𝛃𝟐
D`vniY-25 : 𝟑𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟖𝐱 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 mgxKi‡Yi exR `ywU (− 𝛃 ) Ges (− 𝛂 ) n‡j, ‡h wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi exR `ywU 𝛂 I 𝛃 , Zv
wbY©q K‡iv| (𝛂, 𝛃 ev¯Íe)|

সমাধানঃ
3x 2 − 18x + 2 = 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
α2 β2
cÖkœvbyhvqx, (1) mgxKi‡Yi exR `ywU (− ) I (− α )
β
2 2 2 2  3  3
 6   3   3  6 ..........2
18
      6 
  3   
 2   2  2 2
Ges          
      3 3
GLb (2) cvB,
 2
   3  3      6     3  3. 2      6. 2    
3 3  3
      2     4  0
3

cÖkœvbyhvqx α I β ev¯Íe; myZivs (α + β)-Gi gvb ev¯Íe n‡e|

GLb, ch©‡eÿ‡Yi Øviv †`Lv hvq, (3) mgxKi‡Yi ev¯Íe mgvavb nq α + β = −2
myZivs †h wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi exR `ywU α I β †mB mgxKiYwU nq,
2
x 2 − (α + β)x + αβ = 0 ⇒ x 2 − (−2)x + =0
3
⇒ 3x 2 + 6x + 2 = 0

Topic-9:
g~‡ji cÖKvkt
D`vniY-26 : 𝐚𝐱2+𝐛𝐱 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 GB mgxKi‡Yi g~j¸‡jv 𝛂, 𝛃 n‡j 𝐜𝐱2−𝟐𝐛𝐱 + 𝟒𝐚 = 0 Gi g~j¸‡jv‡K α,β Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki|
সমাধানঃ

D`vniY-27 : 𝐚𝐱2+𝐛𝐱 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 GB mgxKi‡Yi g~j¸‡jv 𝛂, 𝛃 n‡j, 𝐚𝐜(𝐱2+𝟏) − (𝐛2−𝟐𝐚𝐜)𝐱 = 𝟎 Gi g~j¸‡jv‡K 𝛂, 𝛃 Øviv cÖKvk Ki|
সমাধানঃ

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Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

Topic-10 :
mvaviY g~jt
D`vniY-28 : hw` 𝐚𝐱2+𝐛𝐱 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 Ges 𝐜𝐱2+𝐛𝐱 + 𝐚 = 𝟎 mgxKiY `yBwUi GKwU mvaviY g~j _v‡K, Zvn‡j †`LvI †h, 𝐜 + 𝐚 = ±𝐛
সমাধানঃ

𝐩𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐪𝐱 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
D`vniY-29 : } mgxKi‡Yi GKwU mvaviY g~j _vK‡j, †`LvI †h, 𝐩 + 𝐪 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 Ges mvaviY g~j wbY©q Ki|
𝐪𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐩𝐱 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
সমাধানঃ

D`vniY-30 : hw` x2 + px + q = 0 Ges x2 + qx + p = 0 mgxKiY؇qi GKwU mvaviY g~j _v‡K,

Z‡e 2x2 + (p + q -2)x = (p + q - 2)2 mgxKi‡Yi g~j wbY©q Ki|
সমাধানঃ

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Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

Topic-11 :

wØঘাZ mgxKiY Ges Gi MÖvd t

Ax 2 + Bx + C = Y

A+ A -

 G‡mv MÖvd wkwL

Note:
1  hLb, 𝒙 𝒙 (-infinity , ∝) ∪(𝒙 , infinity )𝑨𝒙𝟐 + 𝑩𝒙 + 𝒄 >
𝟎
A>0
 hLb, 𝒙=∝, 𝒙=𝒙 𝑨𝒙𝟐 + 𝑩𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎
D>0
 hLb, 𝒙 𝒙 (∝, 𝜷) 𝑨𝒙𝟐 + 𝑩𝒙 + 𝒄 <
(∝ ,0) (𝛽, 0) 𝟎

−𝐵 −𝐷 [D → wbðvqK]
( , )
2𝐴 4𝐴

∝ +𝛽 −𝐵
=
2 2𝐴 𝐵 2 𝐵 2
𝑌 = 𝐴 (− ) + 𝐵 (− ) + 𝐶
2𝐴 2𝐴

𝐵2 𝐵2
= − +𝐶
4𝐴 2𝐴
2
−𝐵 + 4𝐴𝐶 −𝐷
⇒𝑌= =
4𝐴 4𝐴

A>0 B −D B
D=0 (− , ) = (− , 0)
2A 4A 2A

(∝ ,0)=(𝛽, 𝑜) ∝= 𝛽

A>0
3
D<0 ev¯Íe g~j †bB

−𝐵 −𝐷
( , )
2𝐴 4𝐴

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Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

4 −𝐵 −𝐷
( , )
2𝐴 4𝐴

A<0
D>0
(𝐴, 𝑂) (𝐵, 𝑂)

5 −𝐵 −𝐷
( , )
2𝐴 4𝐴

A<0
D=0

−𝐵 −𝐷
( , )
2𝐴 4𝐴

A<0
D<0

D`vniY-31 : a Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟐(𝐚 − 𝟏)𝐱 + 𝐚 + 𝟓 = 𝟎 Gi g~j¸‡jvÑ

এখাদে, A = 1 , B = 2 (a − 1) , C = a + 5
এবং, নেশ্চায়ক D = (2(a − 1)2 )2 − 4(a + 1)
= 4(a + 1)(a − 4)

1. ev¯Íe ও Amgvb n‡eÑ

⇒D>0
⇒ 4(a + 1)(a − 4) > 6

𝑎𝜖(−∞, −1) ∪ (4, ∞)

2. ev¯Íe ও mgvb n‡eÑ

D=0
∴ a = −1 or a = 4

3. wecixZ wPýwewkó n‡e (gvb wfbœ)Ñ

D>0
a ∈ (−∞, −1) ∪ (4, ∞) ∝𝛽<0
𝐶
⇒ <0
𝐴
⇒𝑎+5<0
⇒ 𝑎 < −5
⇒
∴ 𝑎 ∈ (−∞, −5)
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Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

4. g~jØq abvZ¥K n‡e

D>0
∝ +𝛽 > 0 ∝𝛽>0
a ∈ (−∞, −1) ∪ (4, ∞) − (i) 𝐶
− 𝐵⁄𝐴 > 0 >0
𝐴
2(𝑎 − 1) > 0 𝑎+5>0
𝑎<1 𝑎 > −5
𝑎 ∈ (−∞, 1) − (𝑖𝑖) 𝑎 ∈ (−5, ∞) − (𝑖𝑖𝑖)

𝑎 ∈ (−5, −1)
(i), (ii) I (iii) n‡Z cvB,

5. g~jØq FYvZ¥K
D>0
∝ +𝛽, < 0 ∝𝛽>0
a ∈ (−∝, −1) ∪ (4, ∝) −𝐵 𝐴
<0 >0
𝐴 𝐶
2(𝑎 − 1) > 0 𝑎+5>0
𝑎>1 𝑎 > −5
𝑎 ∈ (1, ∞) 𝑎 ∈ (−5, ∞)

6. ev¯Íe Ges GKB gvb Z‡e wecixZ wP‡ýi 𝑎 ∈ (4, ∝)

D>0
∝ +𝛽 = 0
a ∈ (−∞, −1) ∪ (4, ∞) −𝐵
=0
𝐴
𝑎=1

Z‡e mwVK †m‡U a ≠ 0

∴ 𝑎∈∅

7. g~jØq 𝟑 Gi †P‡q eo n‡eÑ

D>0
∝> 3, β > 3 শুধু মাত্র, ∝ 𝛽 > 9 wb‡Z cvwibv
a ∈ (−∞, −1) ∪ (4, ∞) − (i)
KviY
∝ +𝛽 > 6 −4, −4 Gi ‡ÿ‡ÎI ∝ 𝛽 > 9 nq
−𝐵⁄ > 6
𝐴
𝑎 − 1 < −3
𝑎 < −2
𝑎 ∈ (−∞, −2) − (𝑖𝑖)

𝑓(3) ∴ 𝑓(3) > 0

7𝑎 + 8 > 0
(∝ ,0) 𝑎 > − 8⁄7

3 (β, 0) ∴ 𝑎 ∈ (− 8⁄7 , ∞) − (𝑖𝑖𝑖)

∴𝑎∈∅

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Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

8. g~jØq 𝟑 Gi †P‡q ‡QvU n‡eÑ

D>0
∝ +β > 6
a ∈ (−∞, −1) ∪ (4, ∞) 𝛽
∝
<6
𝑎 − 1 > −3
𝑎 > −2
𝑎 ∈ (−2, ∞)

∴ 𝑓(3) > 0
7𝑎 + 8 > 0
𝑓(3) 𝑎 > − 8⁄7
∴ 𝑎 ∈ (− 8⁄7 , ∞)
3 8
∴ 𝑎 ∈ ( , −1) ∪ (4, ∞)
7

9. g~j 𝟏 n‡Z 𝟑 Gi gv‡S n‡eÑ

D>0
𝑓(1) > 0 𝑓(3) > 0
a ∈ (−∝, −1) ∪ (4, ∝)
3𝑎 + 4 > 0 7𝑎 + 8 > 0
𝑎 > − 4⁄3 𝑎 > − 8⁄7
4 8
2 <∝ +β < 6 𝑎 ∈ (− 3 , ∝) 𝑎 ∈ (− 7 , ∝)
B
2<− <6
A
B
−2 > > −6
A
−2 > 2(a − 1) > −6
−1 > a − 1 > −3
0 > a > −2

𝑓(1)
𝑓(3)
(∝ ,0)
−8
𝑎 ∈ ( , 1) ⃓ (𝛽, 0)3
7

D`vniY-31 : 𝐛 > 𝐚 n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, x  a   x  b   1  0 mgxKi‡Yi GKwU exR (−∞, 𝐚) Gi g‡a¨ Ges Ab¨ exRwU
(𝐛, +∞) Gi g‡a¨ Av‡Q|
সমাধানঃ
x  a x  b  1  0  x 2  a  bx  ab  1  0 ………………………………(1)
1 1
(1) mgxKiY mgvavb K‡i cvB, x = [a + b ± √(a + b)2 − 4(ab − 1)] = [a + b ± √(b − a)2 + 4]
2 2
GLb, (1) mgxKi‡Yi exR `ywU α I β n‡j,
1
α = [a + b + √(b − a)2 + 4]
2
1
Ges β = 2 [a + b − √(b − a)2 + 4] aiv hvq|

¯úóZB, √(b − a)2 + 4 > (b − a) [∵ b > a]

1
∴ α > [a + b + b − a] ⇒ α > b
2
A_©vr (1) mgxKi‡Yi GKwU exR (b, +∞)-Gi g‡a¨ Av‡Q|
1
Avevi, β < 2 [a + b − (b − a)] ⇒ β < a
A_©vr (1) mgxKi‡Yi Ab¨ exRwU (−∞, a) Gi g‡a¨ Av‡Q (cÖgvwYZ)
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Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

Topic-11 :
g~‡ji cÖMgbt
(i) mgvšÍi : 𝛂 + 𝛄 = 𝟐𝛃
aivi †KŠkjt 𝛂 − 𝐝, 𝛂, 𝛂 + 𝐝
(ii) ¸‡YvËit 𝛂𝛄 = 𝛃𝟐

aivi †KŠkjt , , r
r
(iii) wecixZ : 𝛂𝟏 + 𝟏𝛄 = 𝟐𝛃
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
aivi †KŠkj: 𝛂−𝐫 , ,
𝛂 𝛂+𝐫

eo mgxKiY †jLvi wbqgt

a, b, c wZbwU ivwk n‡j
Abyiæc,
a,b,c,d PviwU ivwk n‡j
∑ a = a + b + c, [GKwU K‡i †hvMdj]
∑ ab = ab + bc + ca, [`ywU `ywU K‡i †hvMdj]
∑ abc = abc [wZbwU K‡i K‡i †hvMdj]
∑a = a+ b +c + d [GKwU K‡i †hvMdj]
∑ ab = ab + ac + ad + bc + bd + cd, [`ywU `ywU K‡i †hvMdj]
∑ abc = abc + abd + acd + bcd [wZbwU wZbwU K‡i †hvMdj]
∑ abcd = abcd [PviwU PviwU K‡i †hvMdj]

wPwýZ mgxKi‡Y mvavibZ mgm¨v n‡q _v‡K| GRb¨ combination Gi rule apply Ki‡j Sv‡gjv K‡g|
g‡bKwi,
a,b,c,d PviwU ivwk, ∑ 𝐚𝐛 ‡ei Ki‡Z n‡e, A_©vr 4wU ivwk †_‡K 2wU ivwki sum wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
ZLb 4c2 = 6 msL¨K ivwk n‡e|
A_©vr, ∑ 𝐚𝐛 = 𝐚𝐛 + 𝐚𝐜 + 𝐚𝐝 + 𝐛𝐜 + 𝐛𝐝 + 𝐜𝐝,
Abyiæc,
∑ abc Gi Rb¨ 4c3 = 4wU ivwk n‡e,
∑ 𝐚𝐛𝐜 = 𝐚𝐛𝐜 + 𝐚𝐛𝐝 + 𝐚𝐜𝐝 + 𝐛𝐜𝐝
Avevi, a,b,c 3wU ivwk n‡j,

∑(𝐚 − 𝐛)2 = (a-b)2 + (b-c) 2 +(c-a) 2

Important formulae :

i. (a+b)2 = a2+2ab+b2 = (a-b)2+4ab

ii. (a-b)2= a2-2ab+b2 = (a+b)2-4ab
iii. 4ab = (a+b)2-(a-b)2
iv. a2+b2 = (a+b)2-2ab = (a-b)2+2ab
v. a3+b3 = (a+b)3-3ab(a+b) = (a+b)(a2-ab+b2)
vi. a3-b3 = (a-b)3+3ab(a-b) = (a-b)(a2+ab+b2)
vii. a4+b4 = [(a+b)2-2ab]2-2(ab)2
viii. a2+b2+c2 = (a+b+c)2-2(ab+bc+ca) ev, ∑ a2 = (∑ a)2- 2∑(ab)
ix. (a+b)2+(b+c)2+(c+a)2 = 2(a2+b2+c2+ab+bc+ca) ev, ∑(a + b)2 = 2(∑ a2 +∑ ab)
x. (a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2 = 2(a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca) ev, ∑(a − b)2 = 2{∑ a2 – (∑ ab)}
3 3 3 2 2 2
xi. a +b +c -3abc = (a+b+c)(a +b +c -ab-bc-ca) ev, [(∑ a) ( ∑ a2 – (∑ ab))]
= ½ (a+b+c){(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2} ev, [½(∑ a)(∑(a − b)2)]
= (a+b+c){(a+b+c)2-3(ab+bc+ca)} ev, [(∑ a){(∑ a2)-3(∑ ab)}]
17
Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

𝐓𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐬: 𝐚𝐱 𝟑 + 𝐛𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐜𝐱 + 𝐝 = 𝟎 → 𝛂, 𝛃, 𝛄 𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥: 𝐚𝐱 𝟑 + 𝐛𝐱 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 → 𝛂, 𝛃, 𝛄

(𝐢) ∑𝛂𝟐 = (∑𝛂)𝟐 − 𝟐∑𝛂𝛃 ∑𝛂 = 𝟎

𝛂𝟐
(𝐢𝐢)   3    3  3       (𝐢)∑ =𝟎
𝛃+𝛄
(𝐢𝐢𝐢)   2        3 ∑𝛂𝛃
(𝐢𝐢) ∑(𝛂 + 𝛃−𝟏 ) = −𝟏 ∑𝛂𝛃𝛄
(∑𝛂𝛃)𝟐 −𝟐𝛂𝛃𝛄(∑𝛂)
(𝐢𝐯) ∑ 𝛂𝟏𝟐 = (𝛂𝛃𝛄)𝟐 (𝐢𝐢𝐢) ∑𝛂𝟑 = 𝟑𝛂𝛃𝛄
(∑𝛂)𝟐 −𝟐∑𝛂𝛃
(𝐯) ∑ 𝛂𝟐𝟏𝛃𝟐 = (𝛂𝛃𝛄)𝟐

(𝐯𝐢) ∑(𝛂 − 𝛃)𝟐 = 𝟐(∑𝛂)𝟐 − 𝟔∑𝛂𝛃

(∑𝛂)𝟐
+(∑𝛂𝛃)
(𝐯𝐢𝐢) ∑(𝛂 − 𝛃)𝟐 = (∑𝛂)(∑𝛂𝛃)−𝛂𝛃𝛄

𝛃 𝛂 𝟓
D`vniY-32 : 𝛂, 𝛃 g~j wewkó mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| †hLv‡b 𝛂 + 𝛃 = 𝟕 Ges 𝛂 + 𝛃 = − 𝟐
𝛂 𝛃 −𝟓
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐧 : + =
𝛃 𝛂 𝟐
(𝛂 + 𝛃)𝟐 − 𝟐𝛂𝛃 𝟓
⇒ =−
𝛂𝛃 𝟐
𝟒𝟗 − 𝟐𝛂𝛃 −𝟓
⇒ =
𝛂𝛃 𝟐
⇒ 𝛂𝛃 = 𝟗𝟖
∴ 𝐄𝐪 𝐧 → 𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟕𝐱 + 𝟗𝟖 = 𝟎

Topic-12 :
g~j I mn‡Mi g‡a¨ m¤úK©t
eûc`xi Av`k© mgxKi‡Yi †¶‡Ît

aoxn+ a1xn-1 + a2xn-2+......an-1x + an = 0 mgxKi‡Yi gyj¸‡jv 1, 2, 3, ...... n n‡j,
a1
∑α1 = − ;
a0
a2
∑α1 α2 = ;
a0
−a3
∑α1 α2 α3 = a
0
an
∑α1 α2 α3 … … … … … . . αn = (−1)n .
a0
wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi †¶‡Î:

ax2 + bx+c = 0 mgxKi‡Yi GKwU g~j  I Av‡iKwU g~j  n‡j,

−b
g~j؇qi †hvMdj, + = a
c
Ges g~j؇qi ¸Ydj αβ = a

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Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

wÎNvZ mgxKi‡Yi †¶‡Î:

ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 Gi g~j¸‡jv , ,  n‡j,
−b −b
 +  +  = a A_©vr,  = a

c c d
 +  +  = a A_©vr,  = Ges  = − a
a

PZyN©vZ mgxKi‡Yi †¶‡Î:

ax 4 + bx 3 + cx 2 + dx + e = 0 Gi g~j¸‡jv , , ,  n‡j,
−b −b
+  +  +  = A_©vr,  =
a 𝐚
c c
+ + +++ = A_©vr,  =
a a

d d e
+++ = − a A_©vr,  = − a;  = a

D`vniY-33 : |𝐱 − 𝟐|𝟐 + |𝐱 − 𝟐| − 𝟐 = 𝟎 Gi g~j؇qi †hvMdj KZ?

−𝟏±√𝟏−𝟒(−𝟐)
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐧 : |𝐱 − 𝟐| = 𝟐

∴ |𝐱 − 𝟐| = 𝟏, −𝟐 [Z‡e |𝐱 − 𝟐| ≠ −𝟐]

 x  2  1  x  2  1  x  3,1

∴ ∑g~j  3  1  4  Ans 

D`vniY-34 : hw` (𝐱 − 𝐚) (𝐱 − 𝐛) − 𝐤 = 𝟎 Gi g~jØq 𝐜 Ges 𝐝 nq Z‡e x  c  (𝐱 − 𝐝) + 𝐤 = 𝟎 Gi g~jØq Kx?

Sol n : (𝐱 − 𝐚)(𝐱 − 𝐛) − 𝐤 = (𝐱 − 𝐜)(𝐱 − 𝐝)

(𝐱 − 𝐚)(𝐱 − 𝐛) = (𝐱 − 𝐜)(𝐱 − 𝐝) + 𝐤

∴g~jØq 𝐚, 𝐛 (𝐀𝐧𝐬)

D`vniY-35 : 𝐱 𝟐 − 𝐚𝐱 + 𝐛 = 𝟎Ges 𝐱 𝟐 − 𝐩𝐱 + 𝐪 = 𝟎 Gi hw` GKwU mvaviY g~j _v‡K Ges 2q mgxKi‡Yi g~j `ywU mgvb n‡j
𝐚𝐩
†`LvI †h, 𝐛 + 𝐪 = 𝟐

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐧 : 2q mgxKiY‡K g~j 𝛂, 𝛂

1g Ó Ó 𝛂, 𝛃
𝟐𝛂 = 𝐩. . . . . . . (𝐢) 𝛂𝟐 = 𝐪. . . . . . . . . . . (𝐢𝐢)
𝛂 + 𝛃 = 𝐚. . . . . . . . . . (𝐢𝐢𝐢) 𝛂𝛃 = 𝐛. . . . . . . . . . . (𝐢𝐯)

L. H. S = b + q 𝐚𝐩 (𝛂+𝛃)×𝟐𝛂
R. H. S: 𝟐
= 𝟐
= 𝛂(𝛂 + 𝛃)
= 𝛂𝛃 + 𝛂𝟐
∴ LHS = RHS
= 𝛂(𝛂 + 𝛃)

19
Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original
𝟏 𝟏
D`vniY-36 : hw` 𝐚𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐛𝐱 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 Gi GKwU g~j AciwUi 𝐧 −Zg mgvb nq Z‡e, (𝐚𝐜 𝐧 )𝐧+𝟏 + (𝐚𝐧 𝐜)𝐧+𝟏 =?
𝐧 𝐧
𝐛 GLb,
𝐒𝐨𝐥 : 𝛂 + 𝛂 = −
𝐚
ac   
1 1

⇒ 𝐚𝛂 + 𝐚𝛂 = −𝐛 𝐧 n n 1
 a nc n 1

1 n 1
n
 a n 1 a n 1 n  n 1
. a n 1
a
 
𝐧+𝟏 𝐜 𝐧+𝟏
𝛂 = ⇒ 𝐚𝛂
𝐚
=𝐜  a  a   a  n  
n

 b
 a    b
 a

Topic-13 :
mgxKi‡Yi g~j জানা থাকলে mgxKiY ননণণেঃ
নিNvZ Gi Rb¨t

GKwU নিঘাত mgxKi‡Yi `yBwU g~j α I β n‡j mgxKiYwU wK n‡e|

(x − α)(x − β) = O
⇒ x 2 − (α + β)x + αβ = 0
GLb, ax 2 + bx + c = 0
b c
⇒ x 2 + a x + a = O mgxKi‡Yi `yBwU g~j α I β
b
n‡j, α + β = − a
c
αβ = a
2
∴ x − g~j؇qi †hvMdj × x + g~j؇qi ¸Ydj = 0
ev, x 2 − (α + β)x + αβ = 0
wÎNvZ Gi Rb¨t

x 3 − ( +  + )x 2 + ( +  + )x −  = 0

ev, x 3 − x 2 + x −  = 0

PZzN©vZ Gi Rb¨t

x 4 − ( +  +  + )x 3 + ( +  +  +  +  + )x 2 − ( +  +  + )x +

= 0

D`vniY-37 : 3x3 + 5x2 6x7 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~jÎq , ,  n‡j,  = ?

সমাধানঃ
†`Iqv Av‡Q, 3x3 + 5x2 – 6x7 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~jÎq , , 
−5 −5
 +  +  = ev,  = Ans.
3 3

D`vniY-38 : 4x4 + 5x2+6x-7 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~j¸wj , , ,  n‡j,  I  Gi gvb KZ?

সমাধানঃ
†`Iqv Av‡Q, 4x4 + 5x2 + 6x-7 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~j¸wj , , , 
b 0
g~j¸‡jvi †hvMdj = + + +  = − a = − 4 = 0   = 0 Ans.
GLb,  A_©vr, `yBwU gyj ¸Yd‡ji †hvMdj|
c 5 5
+ + +++ = a = 4 A_©vr,  = 4 Ans.

20
Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

𝛄 ∝ 𝛃
D`vniY-39 : x3 + 3x + 5 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~jÎq , ,  n‡j, 𝛂+𝛃 + 𝛃+𝛄 + 𝛄+𝛂 Gi gvb KZ?
সমাধানঃ
†`Iqv Av‡Q, x3 +3x+5 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~jÎq , ,  + +  = 0
−b
[†h‡nZz, g~j¸‡jvi †hvMd‡ji m~Î ⇒ b, x Gi mnM| wKš‘ x2 bv _vKvq mnM k–b¨ aiv n‡q‡Q|]
a
γ 𝛂 β γ 𝛂 𝛃
∴ 𝛂+β + β+γ + γ+𝛂 = −𝛄 + −𝛂 + −𝛃 = −𝟑 Ans.

D`vniY-40 : x2 - 2x + 1 = 0 GB mgxKi‡Yi g~j؇qi wÎNvZ Gi mgwó KZ?

সমাধানঃ
cÖ`Ë mgxKi‡Yi g~jØq  I  n‡j, g~j I mn‡Mi m¤•K©vbymv‡i cvB,  +  = 2 Ges  = 1
3 +3 =(+)3 3(+)=(2)3 31(2)=2 Ans.

D`vniY-41 : ax 2 + bx + c = 0 Gi g~j ,  n‡j, wb‡¤œi cÖwZmg ivwk¸‡jvi gvb wbY©q Ki?

(i) (aα + b)−3 + (aβ + b)−3 (a) (ii) αβ−2 + βα−2
1 1
(iii) + β−3α (iv) α−2 + β−2
α−3β
সমাধানঃ
ax 2 + bx + c = 0 Gi g–j , .
+ = −b/a
ev, aα + aβ = −b
ev, aα + b = −aβ
Avevi, aβ + b = −aα
Ges αβ = c/a

1 1 1 1
(i) (aα + b)3 + (aβ + b)−3 = (aα+b)3 + (aβ+b)3 = (−aβ)3 + (−aα)3
b 3 c −b b3 3bc
α3 +β3 (α+β)3 −3αβ(α+β) (− ) −3 ( ) − 3+ 2
a a a a a
= −a3 α3 β3 = = 3 =
−a3 (αβ)3 c
−a3 ( ) −c3
a
−b3 +3abc b3 −3abc
= = Ans.
−a3 α3 β3 c3

α β α3 +β3
(ii) αβ−2 + βα−2 = β2 + α2 = (αβ)2
3 c b3 3bc
(α+β)2 3αβ(α+β) (−b⁄a) −3 (−b⁄a) − 3+ 2 3abc−b3
a a a
= (αβ)2
= (c⁄a)2
= c2⁄
= 𝐀𝐧𝐬.
2
ac2
a

1 1 β−3α+α−3β −2(α+β)
(iii) + β−3α = (α−3β)(β−3α) = αβ−3α2−3β2 +9αβ
α−3β
2b
−2(−b⁄a) 2ab
a
= 10αβ−3{(α+β)2 −2αβ} = c b2 2c
= 16ac−3b2 Ans.
10 −3( 2 − )
a a a

b2
  2  2 a 2  a b 2  2ac
2c
1 1
(iv)  2
  2 = 2  2 = = =
  () 2 c2 c2
a2
b2 𝟐𝐜
1 𝟏 (α+β)2 −2αβ − 𝐛𝟐 −𝟐𝐚𝐜
𝐚𝟐 𝐚
= α−2 + β−2 = 𝟐 +
= (αβ)2
= 𝐜𝟐
= Ans.
𝛂 𝛃 𝐜𝟐
𝐚𝟐

21
Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

D`vniY-42 : 𝐱 𝟑 − 𝐩𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐪𝐱 − 𝐫 = 𝟎 Gi g~j¸‡jv mgvšÍi †kÖwYfz³ n‡j, cÖgvY Ki, 𝟐𝐩𝟑 − 𝟗𝐩𝐪 + 𝟐𝟕𝐫 = 𝟎
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐧 : awi, g~jØq 𝛂 − 𝐝, 𝛂, 𝛂 + 𝐝

∑𝛂 = 𝐏
𝐏
𝛂 = . . . . . . . . (𝐢)
𝟑
𝛂𝟐 − 𝛂𝐝 + 𝛂𝟐 + 𝛂𝐝 − 𝛂𝟐 − 𝐝𝟐 = 𝐪

⇒ 𝟑𝛂𝟐 − 𝐝𝟐 = 𝐪. . . . . . . (𝐢𝐢) 𝟑𝐏 𝟐 𝐏 𝟐 𝟑𝐫
(𝐢𝐢) ⇒ − + =𝐪
(𝛂𝟐 − 𝐝𝟐 )𝛂 = 𝐫 𝟗 𝟗 𝐩
𝐏𝟐 𝐏 ⇒ 𝟐𝐏 𝟑 − 𝟗𝐩𝐪 + 𝟐𝟕𝐫 = 𝟎
⇒ ( − 𝐝𝟐 ) = 𝐫
𝟗 𝟑
𝟐
𝐏 𝟑𝐫
⇒ 𝐝𝟐 = −
𝟗 𝐏

D`vniY-42 : cÖ`Ë †h px 2 − 3x + 2 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi `ywU exR aI c Ges qx 2 − 4x + 2 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi `ywU exR b I d ; hw`
1 1 1 1
, , Gesd mgvšÍi cÖMwZ‡Z _v‡K, Z‡e pI qGi gvb wbY©q K‡iv|
a b c

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐧 : px 2− 3x + 2 = 0
2
qx − 4x + 2 = 0
‡h‡nZz (1) mgxKi‡Yi `ywU exR aI c
3 2
myZivs a + c = I ac =
p p
Avevi, (2) mgxKi‡Yi `ywU exR bI d
4 2
myZivs b + d = I bd =
q q
1 1 1 1
GLb , , I mgvšÍi cªMwZ‡Z Av‡Q|
a b c d
3
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 a+c p 3 4
∴ − = − ⇒ = + = = 2 = ⇒ 3b = 4 ⇒ b =
b a c b b a c ac 2 3
p
4
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 b+d q
Ges − = − ⇒ = + = = 2 =2
c b d c c b d bd
q
⇒c=1
GLb (1) mgxKi‡Yi GKwU exR c; myZivs, pc 2 − 3c + 2 = 0 ⇒ p − 3 + 2 = 0 [∵ c = 1]
⇒p=1
16 4 4
Avevi (2) mgxKi‡Yi GKwU exR b ; myZivs, qb2 − 4b + 2 = 0 ⇒ q. − 4. + 2 = 0 [∵ b = ]
9 3 3
16 16 10 15
⇒ = −2= ⇒ 16q = 30 ⇒ q =
q 3 3 8

D`vniY-43 : 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟎𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟗𝐱 + 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟖 = 𝟎Gi g~jØq 𝛂, 𝛃 n‡j,

  
2020  2023   2023  2019  2022   2022  2018  2021   2021  ?   

Soln : 2020α2 − 2019α + 2018 = 0

∴ 2020α2023 − 2019α2022 + 2018α2021 = 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (i)
Abyiƒcfv‡e, 2020β2023 − 2019β2022 + 2018β2021 = 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii)
(i) + (ii) ⇒ 2020(α2023 + β2023 ) − 2019(α2022 + β2022 ) + 2018(α2021 + β2021 ) = 0

22
Brain Stormers Polynomial An Eram Tahmid Original

Topic-14 :
cÖwZmg g~jt
D`vniY-43 : 𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟓𝐱 + 𝟔 = 𝟎 mgxKi‡Yi g~jØq 𝛂, 𝛃 n‡j

i) 𝛂 + 𝟏, 𝛃 + 𝟏 g~j wewkó mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|

ii) 𝟐𝛂, 𝟐𝛃 g~j wewkó mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
iii) 𝛂/𝟑, 𝛃/𝟑 g~j wewkó mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
iv) 𝛂𝟐 I 𝛃𝟐 g~j wewkó mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
𝟏 𝟏
v) , g~j wewkó mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
𝛂 𝛃
𝟏 𝟏
v) 𝛃 + 𝛂 , 𝛂 + 𝛃 g~j wewkó mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
সমাধানঃ

α+β β+γ γ+α

D`vniY-44 : x 3 + qx + r = 0 Gi g~j α, β. γ. , , g~j wewkó mgxKiY|
γ2 α2 β2
সমাধানঃ
α + β + γ = 0 ⇒ α + β = −γ
1 1 1
A_©vr, g~jØq − γ , − α , − β .
1 3 1
mgxKiY, (− x) + q (− x) + r = 0
⇒ rx 3 − qx 2 − 1 = 0.
D`vniY-45 : GKwU mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi g~j¸‡jv 𝟐𝐱 𝟑 − 𝟓𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟕𝐱 + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎 mgxKi‡Yi g~j¸‡jv A‡cÿv 1 K‡i †ewk|
সমাধানঃ
GLv‡b x Gi cwie‡Z© (x − 1) emv‡j bZzb mgxKiY cvIqv hv‡e|
mgxKiYt 2(x − 1)3 − 5(x − 1)2 + 7(x − 1) + 10 = 0
⇒ 2x 3 − 11x 2 + 23x − 4 = 0

D`vniY-45 : GKwU mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi g~j¸‡jv 𝐱 𝟒 + 𝟐𝐱 𝟑 + 𝟑𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟓 = 𝟎 mgxKi‡Yi g~‡ji wZb¸Y|

সমাধানঃ
x
GLv‡b x Gi cwie‡Z© 3 ewm‡q cÖvß mgxKiY n‡jvt
x 4 x 3 x 2 x
(3) + 2 (3) 3 (3) + 4 3 + 5 = 0
⇒ x 4 + 6x 3 + 27x 2 + 108x + 405 = 0

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