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7

SCIENCE
First Quarter – Module 4
Unsaturated and Saturated
Solutions

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines


Science – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
First Quarter – Module 4: Unsaturated and Saturated Solutions
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
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included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Region 10


Regional Director: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Assistant Regional Director: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V
Development Team of the Module
Author/s: Philip Ronald P. Docuyan
Charisma F. Mangharal
Reviewers: Janeth A. Arabes Bonito Ferdinand L. Taclob Jr.
Evaluators: Patria Gloria P. Iman, Marecel B. Compania, Grace Marie S. Doong
Decy Joy V. Jabonillo Rolando T. Luna Joshua Compania
Ivan M. Guillena Corason A. Baluyos
Illustrator and Layout Artist: Philip Ronald P. Docuyan
Charisma F. Mangharal
Management Team
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V
Asst. Regional Director
Edwin R. Maribojoc, EdD, CESO VI
Schools Division Superintendent
Eugene I. Macahis Jr.
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD
Members Marie Emerald A. Cabigas, Ph.D., EPS-LRMS
Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., EPS-ADM
Samuel C. Silacan, EdD, CID Chief
Marites A. Caguindangan, EPS - Science
Rone Ray M. Portacion, EdD, EPS – LRMS
Nelia T. Lanzaderas, PhD, Principal III/District In-charge
Agnes P. Gonzales, PDO II
Vilma M. Inso, Librarian II
Printed in the Philippines by
Department of Education – Region 10
Office Address: Zone 1, DepEd Building, Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang,
Cagayan de Oro City
Contact Number: (088) 880 7072
E-mail Address: region10@deped.gov.ph

ii
7
Science
First Quarter – Module 4

Unsaturated and Saturated


Solutions

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and


reviewed by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and
other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education – Region 10 at
region10@ deped.gov.ph.

Your feedback and recommendations are highly valued.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

iii
Introductory Message

For the learner:


Welcome to the Science 7 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Unsaturated and
Saturated Solutions!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents
of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This gives you an idea of the skills or


competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check


what you already know about the lesson to take. If
you get all the answers correct (100%), you may
decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the


current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to


you in various ways such as a story, a song, a
poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the


lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice


to solidify your understanding and skills of the
topic. You may check the answers to the exercises
using the Answer Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank


sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what
you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help


you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real
life situations or concerns.

iv
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of
mastery in achieving the learning competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you


to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson
learned. This also tends retention of learned
concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the


module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this


module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use
a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in
the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this
material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant
competencies. You can do it!

v
Table of Contents

What I Need to Know -------------------------- 1


What I Know -------------------------- 2
Lesson 1: Unsaturated Solution
What’s In -------------------------- 4
What’s New -------------------------- 5
What Is It -------------------------- 6
What’s More -------------------------- 8
Lesson 2: Saturated Solution
What’s In -------------------------- 9
What’s New -------------------------- 10
What Is It -------------------------- 11
What’s More -------------------------- 12
What I have Learned -------------------------- 13
What Can I Do -------------------------- 15
Assessment -------------------------- 16
Additional Activities -------------------------- 18
Answer Key -------------------------- 19
References -------------------------- 20

vi
What I Need to Know

Solutions are everywhere. They may be solids dissolved in liquids or gases


dissolved in liquids. In this module, you are guided to understand fully the concept of
solutions and its properties. The terms and definitions are simplified for you to grasp the
idea supplemented by illustrations, explanations and activities. The different fun learning
activities found in this module can be done at home. This will give you a great avenue to
broaden your understanding of solutions.

This module contains two (2) lessons:


Lesson 1 - Unsaturated Solution

Lesson 2 - Saturated Solution

After going through this Self-Learning Module, you should be able to investigate
properties of unsaturated or saturated solutions. (S7MT-Ic-2)

Specifically, you are expected to:

1. identify the components of a solution;


2. prepare unsaturated and saturated solutions; and
3. cite some health benefits of an unsaturated and saturated solutions.

In going through this module, you are advised to read the instructions carefully
especially on the hands-on activities to minimize errors of the results. Your parents can
assist you in preparing the set-up for series of activities.

1
What I Know

A. Identification
Directions: Based on the illustrations below, identify whether each is a solute,
solvent, saturated solution or unsaturated solution. Write your
answers in your Science activity notebook.

Water with fully Water with


Table Sugar Table Salt Water
dissolved salt undissolved sugar

1._________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________

B. Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it in your Science activity
notebook.

6. Which of the following is/are component/s of a solution?


A. Solute C. Solute and solvent
B. Solvent D. Sugar and salt

7. Which solution has the maximum amount of solute dissolved?


A. Saturated Solution C. Supersaturated solution
B. Unsaturated Solution D. Super-unsaturated solution

8. You are given a 50 mL solution in a beaker. You add solute to the beaker and
the solute dissolves. The solution is _____.
A. saturated C. supersaturated
B. unsaturated D. cannot be determined

2
9. In an ice tea mix, which part of the solution is the solute?
A. Ice B. Ice tea C. Tea powder D. Water
10. A tablespoon of a substance is added to water and it disappears. Which of the
following statements describes the substance?
A. It is less dense than water. C. It adds flavor to the water.
B. It heats the water. D. It is soluble in water.

11. An unsaturated solution has ___________.


A. lesser amount of solvent than solute
B. lesser amount of solute than solvent
C. equal amount of solute and solvent
D. no solute

12. Which of the following activities shows how to make an unsaturated solution?
A. Adding sugars to water until all sugar crystals dissolve
B. Adding chocolate powder to water until it stops dissolving
C. Adding salts to water until there are undissolved salt crystals
D. Adding powdered milk into the water until it will no longer dissolve

13. Which of the following simple tests can be performed to determine if the solution
is saturated?
A. Adding water to the solution
B. Evaporating solvent from a solution
C. Putting a beam of light to the solution
D. Adding a small amount of solute and stir

14. A saturated solution contains __________.


A. greater amount of solute than solvent
B. lesser amount of solute than solvent
C. equal amount of solute and solvent
D. maximum amount of solute

15. When does a solution reach its saturation point?


A. When the solute stops dissolving
B. When the solute seems to disappear
C. When the solute continues to dissolve
D. When more solute can be added to the solution

3
Lesson

1 Unsaturated Solutions

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures formed by the physical combination of


solutes and solvents. The components of the mixture are distributed uniformly in the
solution.

What’s In

Activity 1: Identify Me!


Directions: Based on the illustrations below, identify whether it is a homogenous or
heterogeneous mixture. Write your answers in your Science activity
notebook.

A mixture of Sugar and Water A mixture of Sand and Water

1. _________________ 2. _________________

A mixture of Oil and Water A mixture of Salt and Water


Mixture of Sugar and Water Mixture of Sugar and Water
r
3. _________________ r 4. ________________

4
What’s New

Activity 2: Count and Name Me!


Directions: Using the 26 letters in the Alphabet with its corresponding numbers, name
the following words below. Write your answers in your Science activity
notebook. (Examples are given as your guide.)

A B C D E FGH I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Examples:
19 1 12 20 SALT
23 1 20 5 18 WATER

1. 19 15 12 21 20 5 __________

2. 19 15 12 22 5 14 20 __________

3. 19 15 12 21 20 9 15 14 __________

4. 19 15 12 21 2 9 12 9 20 25 __________

5. 21 14 19 1 20 21 18 1 20 5 4 __________

5
What is It

You learned from the previous module all about heterogeneous and homogeneous
mixtures. One example of a homogenous mixture is known as solution. Solution is a
mixture that has a uniform composition. To form this, two substances are being used: the
solute and solvent.

SOLUTION
IS COMPOSED OF

SOLUTE SOLVENT

The solute is a component of a solution that is being dissolved, normally present


in a smaller amount. On the other hand, solvent is a component of a solution that
dissolves the solute and it is normally greater in amount. To understand more all about
this, we will have a simple illustration. A lump of sugar is added to a glass of water.

+ =
Water
(Solvent) (Solute) Sugar solution

In this case, the water in the glass is the solvent, the sugar (substance being
dissolved) is the solute and the result is called sugar solution.

6
Water

(Solvent) (Solute) (Sugar solution)

Here is a trivia! Did you know that water is called the universal solvent? Water is
considered to be the “universal solvent” because many substances can be dissolved from
it just like in the example mentioned above. Here is another example; a pinch of salt is
added to the water.

Water

(Solvent) (Solute) Salt solution

The ability of a solute to be dissolved in a solvent in a given solution is called


solubility. That is why sugar and table salt will dissolve in water because both substances
possess a property called solubility. But as you increase the amount of solute in a given
solution, there is a tendency that not all solutes will be dissolved completely.

For instance, if you put 1/2 tablespoon of sugar in a glass


of water and stir, the sugar granules will easily dissolve hence
there are no traces of sugar found in the specific solution. But
as you increase the amount of sugar that is being mixed with
water, you can now visibly see the remaining sugar granules
that are undissolved.
½ tablespoon sugar

7
An unsaturated solution is a type of solution
containing less amount of solute in a given amount of
solvent leaving no traces of it. This simply means that the
solvent can still dissolve more solute and it forms a single
phase.
Unsaturated solution

What’s More

Activity 3. Stir Me
Directions: Perform the activity by following the procedure below. Answer the guide
question below and write it in your Science activity notebook.

Materials Needed:
Glass (transparent), Tap Water, Sugar, Tablespoon
Procedure:
Table 1. Amount of solute in a solution.
1. Prepare a three- fourth glass of water.
Number of tablespoon
2. Put ½ tablespoon of sugar.
3. Stir until the sugar is totally dissolved in
water.
4. Write unsaturated on Table 1 Column 2 if you observed that there is no undissolved
sugar on the solution.
5. Repeat steps 2, 3, and 4 but this time increase the amount of sugar by 1 tablespoon.
Stop until 2 tablespoons of sugar are added into the glass of water.
6. Do not throw the sugar solution. You will use the solution in Lesson 2 about saturated
solutions. Keep the solution in a safe place.

Q1. Based on the activity, what have you observed to the set-up as you increased the
amount of sugar to two (2) tablespoons? __________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Q2. How do you describe the type of solution produced in this activity? _______________
__________________________________________________________________
Q3. What property of a solute is being observed in the preparation of sugar solution?

8
Lesson

2 Saturated Solutions

From your previous lesson, you have learned that in an unsaturated solution, all
solutes were completely dissolved by the solvent leaving no traces of solutes.

In this lesson, you will investigate what will happen if you add more solutes to the
solution.

What’s In

Activity 1: Solutes Pa More!


Directions: Based on the illustration below, identify the solute, solvent, and appearance
of the solution. Write your answers in your Science activity notebook.

1. The solute: _________________________

2. The solvent: _________________________

3. Describe the appearance of the sugar solution. _______________________

9
What’s New

Activity 2A: What’s the Word?


Directions: Read the sentences and identify the adjective that is used to describe
some words in the sentences below. Write your answers in your Science
activity notebook.

1. The maximum amount of milk powder that will dissolve in one glass of
water is 5 tablespoons.
2. The maximum number of hydrogen atoms in a water molecule is 2.
3. In a sodium atom, the maximum number of electrons is 11.

What is the word? _____________ (write your answer in your science activity notebook)

Activity 2B: Wordpool


Directions: Pick up the words that are synonymous or having the same meaning as
the word maximum. Find them in the wordpool below. Write your answers
in your Science activity notebook.

WORDPOOL

largest highest

greatest biggest minimum

10
What is It

Saturated solution is a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute


that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent. A state where the solution has reached
a point in which no more solute can be dissolved. It is understood that saturation of the
solution has been achieved saturation when the added substance can no longer be
dissolved leaving a solid precipitate.

Fig. 1. Solid solute is Fig. 2. Solution is thoroughly Fig. 3. Few solutes are visible
added stirred

There are several ways to make a saturated solution:


 by adding a solute/s to a liquid until dissolving stops;
 by evaporating a solvent from a solution until the solute begins to
precipitate; and
 by adding seed crystals to a solution that is supersaturated.

We can easily make observations about solutions through


our daily activities at home. Some examples are: when we drink
Softdrink

soft drinks, carbonated water is saturated with carbon, hence it


gives off carbon through bubbling; adding sugar into water until sugar

it no longer dissolves creates a saturated solution; mixing


powdered soap until it will not dissolve; coffee powder added to
Fig. 4. Sample saturated
water; and many more. Saturated solutions can be observed solution
anywhere.

11
What’s More

Activity 3: Sugar Pa More!

Directions: Continue activity number 3 in lesson 1. Copy the table and write your
answers in your Science activity notebook.
Procedure:
Table 2. Amount of solute in a solution.
1. To the sugar solution in Lesson 1, Type of Solution
Number of
Activity 3, add another 1 tablespoon of (Saturated,
Tablespoon
sugar and stir the solution to dissolve Unsaturated)

the sugar. At this point, you have added 3


3 tablespoons of sugar.
4
2. Add another 1 tablespoon of sugar to
the sugar solution and stir the solution. 5
At this point, you have added 4 6
tablespoons of sugar.
3. Continue adding 1 tablespoon of sugar to the solution until no sugar is dissolved
in the glass of water.

Q1. How many tablespoons of sugar have you added until the sugar no longer
dissolved? ___________________________________________________________

Q2. Based on the activity, when can you say that the solution is saturated?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

12
What I Have Learned

A. Directions: Given the clues, complete crossword puzzle below. Write the complete
puzzle in your Science activity notebook.

U T

CLUES

ACROSS
1. The ability of a solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent in
a solution
2. A component of a solution that dissolves the solute and it is normally greater
in amount.
5. Considered to be the universal solvent

DOWN
1. A component of a solution that is being dissolved, normally present in a
smaller amount
3. A mixture that has a uniform composition
4. A type of solution that completely dissolves the solute leaving no traces of it

13
B. Directions: Copy and complete the concept map using the words/phrases in the word bank
below. Write your answers in your Science activity notebook.

Solution

Substance that is being Substance that dissolves


dissolved by another substance. the other substance

1. ___________ 2. ___________

The maximum amount of solute is dissolved in


a given amount of solvent

3. ____________________

Evidences that a solution is saturated.

4. __________________ 5. __________________

Word Bank
Solute Solvent
Saturated solution Undissolved solute
Solute stops dissolving

14
What I Can Do

Directions: Below is a table showing the results of an experiment performed by a science


class. Analyze the data presented in the table and answer the questions that
follow.

A group of students in a Science Class performed experiments on making Milk


Solution. They prepared 3 drinking glasses, 1 sachet of milk powder, and sugar.
The drinking glasses with labels A, B, C were half-filled with hot water. They added
the milk powder to each glass. In Glass A, they added 1 teaspoon of sugar; Glass B
with 2 teaspoons of sugar; and Glass C with 4 teaspoons of sugar. After stirring the
mixture, they tasted each glass of milk. The results of the experiment were recorded
in the table.

Table 3. Data on milk solution preparation and testing.


Milk Amount Does the Type of What is the Which do you
Solution of Sugar sugar Solution taste of the prefer to drink:
Added dissolve? milk solution? milk solution in
(tsp) glass: A, B, or C?
Yes/No Put ( √ )
Glass A 1 Yes Unsaturated Not so sweet √
Glass B 2 Yes Unsaturated Sweet √
Glass C 4 No Saturated Very Sweet

1. What is the maximum amount of sugar added until the sugar is no longer dissolved?
___________________________________________________________________

2. Which of the three solutions is good for your health? _________________________


Give reasons for your answers. __________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

15
Assessment

Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it in your Science activity
notebook.

1. Which of the following is/are component/s of a solution?


A. solute C. solute and solvent
B. solvent D. sugar and salt

2. Which solution has the maximum amount of solute dissolved?


A. Saturated solution C. Supersaturated solution
B. Unsaturated Solution D. Super-unsaturated solution

3. You are given a 50 mL solution in a beaker. You add solute to the beaker and
the solute dissolves. The solution was _____.
A. saturated C. supersaturated
B. unsaturated D. super-unsaturated

4. Which of the following simple tests can be performed to determine if the solution
is saturated?
A. Adding water to the solution
B. Evaporating solvent from a solution
C. Putting a beam of light to the solution
D. Adding a small amount of solute and stir

5. A saturated solution contains __________.


A. greater amount of solute than solvent
B. lesser amount of solute than solvent
C. equal amount of solute and solvent
D. maximum amount of solute
6. When does a solution reach its saturation point?
A. When the solute stops dissolving
B. When the solute seems to disappear
C. When the solute continues to dissolve
D. When more solute can be added to the solution

16
7. In an ice tea mix, which part of the solution is the solute?
A. Ice B. Ice tea C. Tea powder D. Water

8. A tablespoon of a substance is added to water and it disappears. Which of the


following statements describes the substance?
A. It is less dense than water. C. It adds flavor to the water.
B. It heats the water. D. It is soluble in water.

9. An unsaturated solution has ___________.


A. lesser amount of solvent than solute
B. lesser amount of solute than solvent
C. equal amount of solute and solvent
D. no solute

10. Which of the following activities shows how to make an unsaturated solution?
A. Adding sugars to water until all sugar crystals dissolve
B. Adding chocolate powder to water until it stops dissolving
C. Adding salts to water until there are undissolved salt crystals
D. Adding powdered milk into the water until it will no longer dissolve

For items 11 – 15, refer to the illustrations below and identify whether each is a/an:

A. Solute
B. Solvent
C. Saturated solution
D. Unsaturated solution

Water with fully Water with


Table Sugar Table Salt Water
dissolved salt undissolved sugar

11. ________ 14. ________ 13. ________ 12. ________ 15. ________

17
Additional Activities

Directions: Given a list of drinks in the box, pick only one drink that you can prepare at
home and make a journal entry using the guide questions below. Write your
journal in your Science activity notebook.

JUICE MILK COFFEE POWDER

These are the possible guide questions for you to make your journal entry.

Note: Do not limit yourself in answering these questions. You can ask more questions
and record your answers and observations in your journal entry.

1. Why did you choose that drink?


2. Identify the solute and the solvent from the preparation you made.
3. What are your observations in terms of taste, color, and odor as you increase the
amount of solute?
4. What do you think are the health benefits of your preparation?
5. What are the side effects if you put too much of the solute?
6. How can you improve your preparation next time?

18
19
Assessment Lesson 2 Lesson 2:
What’s More What’s New
1. C 9. B
2. A 10. A No. of
Solution A. Maximum
3. B 11. A tbsp.
4. D 12. A 3 Saturated
5. D 13. B 4 Saturated B. Highest
6. A 14. D 5 Saturated Biggest
7. C 15. C 6 Saturated Greatest
8. D
Q1. Answer may vary Largest
Q2. When added sugar no
What I Can Do longer dissolve
1. 4
2. Glass A and B Lesson 2: Lesson 1
Answers may vary What’s In What’s More
1. Sugar No. of
What I Have Learned Solution
tbsp.
2. Water
½ Unsaturated
B. Activity 6: Concept Map 3. The sugar 1 Unsaturated
disappears; 2 Unsaturated
1. Solute solution appears
Q1. The sugar is
2. Solvent clear completely
3. Saturated dissolved in water.
4. Undissolved solute Q2. Unsaturated
5. Solute stops dissolving Q3. Solubility
What I Have Learned Lesson 1: What I Know
A. Activity 5: Complete Me What’s New
1. solute
2. solute
1. SOLUTE 3. solvent
2. SOLVENT 4. unsaturated
3. SOLUTION solution
4. SOLUBILITY 5. saturated
solution
5. UNSATURATED
6. C
7. A
Lesson 1 8. B
What In 9. C
10. D
1. HOMOGENEOUS 11. B
2. HETEROGENEOUS 12. A
3. HETEROGENEOUS 13. D
4. HOMOGENOUS 14. D
15. A
Answer Key
References

Books

Asuncion, Alvie J. et al, Science Grade 7 Leaner’s Material. First Edition. Pasig
City: Department of Education- Bureau of Learning Resources, 2017.

Brown, Theodore L. et.al, Chemistry: The Central Science. 12th edition. U.S.A.,
Pearson Education, Inc., 2012.

Ebbing, Darrel D., and Gammon, Steven D. General Chemistry.9th edition.


U.S.A., Houghton Mifflin Company, 2009.

Olmsted, John A., and Williams, Gregory M. Chemistry. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., 2005.

Silberberg, Martin A. Principles of General Chemistry. 3rd edition. New York, The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2012.

Electronic Resources

Chen Victoria. CHEMISTRY LibreTexts. 2020, May, 19.


https://chem.libretext.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Tex
tbook_maps/ – (Accessed on May 27, 2020)

Ophardts, Charlie E. Virtual Chembook. 2003.


https://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/106Amixture.html – (Accessed on May
29, 2020)

SolubilityofThings: A WEBSITE ON CHEMISTRY. n.d.


https://www.solubiltyofthings.com/solute-solution-definition-examples - (Accessed
on May 29, 2020)

T-NEZ. enotes. n.d. https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-difference-between-


saturated-unsaturated-555851 – (Accessed on May 27, 2020)

USGS: Science for a changing world. n.d. https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-


science-school/science/water-qa-why-water-universal-solvent?qt-
science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects – (Accessed on May 29,
2020)

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region 10

Zone 1, DepEd Building Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang


Cagayan de Oro City, 9000
Telefax: (088) 880 7072
E-mail Address: region10@deped.govph

21

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