USCS classification flowchart

For gravels: if 𝐶𝑢 > 4 and 1 < 𝐶𝑐 < 3, Well graded, otherwise Poorly graded.
For sands : if 𝐶𝑢 > 6 and 1 < 𝐶𝑐 < 3, Well graded, otherwise Poorly graded.
𝐶𝑢 = 𝐷60⁄𝐷10 ; 𝐶𝑐 = 𝐷30 2⁄(𝐷10 × 𝐷60 )

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For gravels:
If Cu > 4 and 1 < Cc < 3, Well graded, otherwise
Poorly graded.
For sands:
If Cu > 6 and 1 < Cc < 3, Well graded, otherwise
Poorly graded.

Relative density ( Dr or ID):

Constant head test: Falling head test:

al  h0  al h 
k= ln   = 2.3 log  0 
At1  h1  At1  h1 

r 
q ln  2 
Well pumping test:
k=  r1 
 ( h2 2 − h12 )

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 Taylor's Chart 1
(From Smith, 2006)

For 𝜑 = 0° and 𝛽 < 53° use Taylor's chart 2.

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 Taylor's Chart 2
(From Smith, 2006)

If 𝛽 > 53° use Taylor's chart 1.

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 𝑒 𝑆𝑟 = 𝑤 𝐺𝑠 𝜏𝑓 = 𝑐 ′ + 𝜎𝑛′ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜑 ′

𝜎1′ − 𝜎3′ = (𝜎1′ + 𝜎3′ ) 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜑 ′ + 2𝑐 ′ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜑′

1 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜑 ′ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜑 ′
𝜎1′ = 𝜎3′ ( ′
) + 2𝑐 ( )
1 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜑 ′ 1 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜑 ′

𝜑, 𝜑,
𝜎1′ = 𝜎3′ 2 ′
𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + ) + 2𝑐 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + )
2 2

1 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜑 ′ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜑 ′
𝜎3′ = 𝜎1′ ( ′
) − 2𝑐 ( )
1 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜑 ′ 1 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜑 ′

𝜑, 𝜑,
𝜎3′ = 𝜎1′ 2 ′
𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 − ) − 2𝑐 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 − )
2 2

𝑞𝐵𝐿
∆𝑢 = 𝐵∆𝜎3 ∆𝑢 = 𝐵[∆𝜎3 + 𝐴(∆𝜎1 − ∆𝜎3 )] ∆𝜎𝑣 = (𝐵+𝑧)(𝐿+𝑧)

∆𝑒 ′
𝜎𝑝𝑐 𝜎𝑓′
𝑆= 𝐻0 ∆𝑒 = 𝐶𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) + 𝐶𝑐 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝜎′ )
1+𝑒0 𝜎′0 𝑝𝑐

𝑐𝑣 𝑡 𝑘 ∆𝑒 𝑎𝑣
𝑇𝑣 = 𝑐𝑣 = 𝑎𝑣 = 𝑚𝑣 =
𝐻𝑑2 𝑚𝑣 𝛾𝑤 ∆𝜎 ′ 1+𝑒0

𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 −𝛾𝑤 ∆𝐻 𝑁𝑓 𝐺𝑠 (1+𝑤)

𝑖𝑐𝑟 = 𝑖= 𝑄 = 𝑘𝑖𝐴 𝑄 = 𝑘𝐻 𝛾𝑡 = 𝛾𝑤
𝛾𝑤 ∆𝐿 𝑁𝑑 1+𝑒

𝜎1 +𝜎3 𝜎1 −𝜎3
𝑝= 𝑞= 𝑀(= tan 𝜓 ′ ) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜑 ′ 𝑎 = 𝑐 ′ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜑′
2 2

𝑐 ′ +(𝛾𝑑−𝛾𝑤 𝑑𝑤 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 tan 𝜑′ 𝛾𝑤 𝑑𝑤 tan 𝜑′ 𝑖𝑐𝑟

𝐹= ; 𝐹 = (1 − ) ; 𝐹=
𝛾𝑑 sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 𝛾𝑑 tan 𝛼 𝑖𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡

𝑐𝑢 𝑅 2 𝛼 𝑐𝑢 𝑅 2 𝛼 2𝑐
𝐹= 𝐹= 𝑑𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑘 = 𝑢 = 𝛾𝑤 𝑑𝑤 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼
𝑊𝑥̅ 𝑊𝑥̅ +𝑃𝑤 𝑑̅ 𝛾

𝑐𝑢 𝑅 2 𝛼+𝑃𝑤1 𝑑̅ +𝑃𝑤2 𝑏̅ ∑𝑛
𝑖=1(𝑐𝑖 𝐿𝑖 +𝑊𝑖 cos 𝛼𝑖 tan 𝜑𝑖 )
𝐹= 𝐹= ∑𝑛
𝑊𝑥̅ 𝑖=1(𝑊𝑖 sin 𝛼𝑖 )

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