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 | BS EN
BRITISH STANDARD |
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| 445 : 1997
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| Incorporating
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 BS EN 445 : 1997 Issue 2, December 1997

Committees responsible for this

British Standard
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee
I B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/2, Structural
S use of concrete, upon which the following bodies were represented:
B
)
c(
, Association of Consulting Engineers
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p British Cement Association
o
C British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd.
d Concrete Society
ell
o Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment)
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n Department of the Environment (Construction Sponsorship Directorate)
o Department of Transport (Highways Agency)
c
n Institution of Civil Engineers
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, Institution of Structural Engineers
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0 Steel Reinforcement Commission
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UThis British Standard, having
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2direction of the Sector Board for
wBuilding and Civil Engineering,
e
ibwas published under the
gauthority of the Standards Board
c and comes into effect on
m
- 15 November 1997
n
a© BSI 1997
m Amendments issued since publication
2
w Amd. No. Date Text affected
e
b
i
g 9876 December Indicated by a sideline in the margin
c
m 1997
-
nThe following BSI references
a
mrelate to the work on this
: standard:
y Committee reference B/525/2
pDraft for comment 91/10645 DC
o
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dISBN 0 580 28311 9
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 Issue 2, December 1997 BS EN 445 : 1997

National foreword

I This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee B/525/2 and is the English
S language version of EN 445 : 1996 Grout for prestressing tendons Ð Test methods
B published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN).
)
c(
, EN 445 was produced as a result of European discussions in which the UK took an
y active part. The UK voted against this standard at the CEN Formal Vote stage because
p
o UK industry considered the standard to be insufficient in providing suitable
C specification requirements for grouting materials and procedures, particularly for
d highway bridges.
ell
o
rt The UK conducted significant development work and subsequently published Concrete
n Society Technical Report No. 47 Durable Bonded Post Tensioned Concrete Bridges ,
o prepared by a Concrete Society Working Party in collaboration with the Concrete
c
n Bridge Development Group (September 1996), to which reference may be made.
U
, At the CEN Formal Vote stage, however, the analysis of voting resulted in a positive
5
0 vote and in accordance with CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations Part 2 : Common
0 rules for standards work EN 445 was accepted as a European Standard.
2
y
r Cross-reference
a
u Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard
n
a EN 196-1 : 1994 BS EN 196-1 : 1995 Determination of strength
J
6
0 Textual error
,)
C The textual error set out below was discovered when adopting the text of the
S
I European Standard. It has been reported to CEN in a proposal to amend the text of the
J
( European Standard.
-
r Figure 2 in the published EN version is not correct. In the national annex NA
e t (informative) of this BS EN an updated version of the figure is given until such time as
s
e the EN is amended.
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c Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
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a from legal obligations .
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 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 445
NORME EUROPEÂENNE
EUROPAÈ ISCHE NORM March 1996

I
S ICS 91.100.30
B
) Descriptors: Cables, ropes, prestressed concrete, grouting, viscosity, tests
c(
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0 Coulis pour caà ble de preÂcontrainte Ð MeÂthode EinpreûmoÈ rtel fuÈ r Spannglieder Ð PruÈ fverfahren
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6 This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-10-28. CEN members are
0 bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the
,)
conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard
C
S without any alteration.
I
J
( Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards
- may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
r
e t This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
s A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a
e
h CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the
c
n same status as the official versions.
a
M CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark,
f Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
o
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Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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: Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels
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d © 1996 Copyright reserved to CEN members.
e Ref. No. EN 445 : 1996 E
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 Page 2
EN 445 : 1996

I Foreword Page
S 3.4 Volume change test 6
BThis European Standard has been prepared by
) 3.4.1 Principle of test 6
c( Technical Committee CEN/TC 104, Concrete Ð
, Performance, production, placing and compliance 3.4.2 Cylinder method 6
y
pcriteria, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN.
o 3.4.2.1 Apparatus 6
CThis European Standard shall be given the status of a 3.4.2.2 Procedure 6
dnational standard, either by publication of an identical
ell text or by endorsement, at the latest by 3.4.2.3 Reporting of results 6
o
rt September 1996, and conflicting national standards 3.4.3 Can method 6
nshall be withdrawn at the latest by September 1996.
o 3.4.3.1 Apparatus 6
c According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations,
nthe following countries are bound to implement this 3.4.3.2 Procedure 6
U
, European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, 3.4.3.3 Reporting of results 6
5Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland,
0 3.5 Compression strength test 6
0Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
2
y Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. 3.5.1 Prisms 6
r
a 3.5.1.1 Principle of the test 6
u
n 3.5.1.2 Apparatus 7
a
J 3.5.1.3 Procedure 7
6
0 3.5.1.3.1 Moulding of the test specimens 7
,)
Contents 3.5.1.3.2 Curing of test specimens 8
C
S
I
J Page 3.5.1.3.3 Compression test 8
(
- Foreword 2 3.5.1.4 Reporting of results 8
r
e t0 Introduction 3 3.5.2 Cylinders 8
s
e1 Scope 3 3.5.2.1 Principle 8
h
c 3.5.2.2 Apparatus 8
n2 Normative references 3
a 3.5.2.3 Procedure 8
M3 Testing of grout 3
f 3.5.2.4 Reporting of results 8
o3.1 General conditions 3
y ti 3.2 Fluidity test 3
s
r 3.2.1
e Immersion method 3
v i
n3.2.1.1 Principle of test 3
U Apparatus 3
, 3.2.1.2
2 Calibration procedure 3
w3.2.1.3
e3.2.1.4 Test procedure 3
b
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g3.2.1.5 Reporting the results 5
c
m
- 3.2.2 Cone method 5
n
a3.2.2.1 Principle of test 5
m
3.2.2.2 Apparatus 5
2
w3.2.2.3 Test procedure 5
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b
i 3.2.2.4 Reporting of results 5
g
c 3.3 Bleeding test 5
m
- 3.3.1
n Principle of test 5
a
3.3.2 Apparatus 5
m
: 3.3.3 Procedure 5
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o3.3.4 Reporting of results 6
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 Page 3
EN 445 : 1996

0 Introduction 3.2.1.2 Apparatus

a) Calibrated immersion equipment, according to
I In post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction,
S the grouting of tendons is an important operation. This figure 1.
B European Standard provides methods of test for grout b) A 0,5 m spacer rod, according to figure 1.
)
c( specified in EN 447. Some tests given herein are c) A stopwatch.
, alternatives and it will be necessary to relate the
y 3.2.1.3 Calibration procedure
p chosen test method to the specified requirements.
o Calibrate the immersion equipment with glycerol
C (analytical grade) having a density of 1,226 g/cm3 at
d 1 Scope (20 ± 0,5) ÊC. The temperature of the room, immersion
ell equipment and glycerol shall be (20 ± 0,5) ÊC during the
o
rt
This European Standard describes the methods of test
calibration.
n for grout specified in EN 447.
o Fill the cylinder with about 1,9 l glycerol up to
c approximately 260 mm below the rim. After filling the
n 2 Normative references
U immersion equipment the glycerol shall be allowed to
, This European Standard incorporates by dated or rest for about 1 h. Then immerse the plunger to expel
5
0 undated reference, provisions from other publications. the air bubbles from the glycerol, which may have
0 been introduced into the glycerol during the filling of
2 These normative references are cited at the
y
r appropriate places in the text and the publications are the cylinder.
a listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent After at least 1 h position the plunger so that its stop
u amendments to or revisions of any of these
n on the tail rod lies on the spacer placed at the top of
a publications apply to this European Standard only the tube. Then pull the spacer away to allow the
J
6 when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For plunger to sink to the stop of the tube. Record this
0 undated references the latest edition of the publication time to the nearest second.
,)
referred to applies. Repeat the calibration at least three times.
C
S
I EN 196-1 : 1987 Methods of testing cement Ð The mean value of all measured immersion times shall
J
( be (34 ± 1) s. If the test result deviates from this value
Determination of strength
- the weight of the plunger shall be increased where
r EN 447 Grout for prestressing tendons Ð
e t > 35 s or reduced where t < 33 s. This is done by
t Specification for common grout
s varying the quantity of the lead pellets in the plunger.
e Delay repeating the calibration procedure for at
h ISO 4012 Concrete Ð Determination of
c compressive strength of test least 30 min to ensure that no air bubbles are in the
n
a specimens glycerol resulting from the preceding calibration
M procedure.
f
o 3.2.1.4 Test procedure
y ti
3 Testing of grout
Preparation
s
r 3.1 General conditions The adjustment of the immersion equipment shall be
e
v i The grouts shall be tested by competent personnel tested before it is used. Adjustment of the immersion
n experienced in the subject. The normal conditions of equipment shall be tested subsequently once a year
U temperature and relative humidity at test shall be as and/or after any damage.
,
2 follows: Directly before the test place the equipment vertically
w
e ± temperature (20 ± 2) ÊC; and dampen the inside of the tube and the plunger so
b
i that the surface is moist but without free water.
g ± relative humidity > 65 %.
c These conditions are for the specification of the grout. Procedure
m
- Variations in temperature and humidity on site may Fill the cylinder with approximately 1,9 l grout up to
n cause variations in the test results and shall be approximately 260 mm below the rim, so that the
a
m reported. plunger is fully immersed on introduction if its stop on
2 The grout for the tests shall be made from materials the tail rod lies on the spacer placed at the top of the
w specified in clause 4 of EN 447 and mixed in tube. Then pull the spacer away; the plunger sinks to
e the stop in the tube. Then raise the plunger back to its
b
i accordance with clause 6 of EN 447. The temperature
g of the freshly mixed grout is to be given in all test initial position, insert the spacer, pull it away again and
c measure the time until the stop lies on the tube.
m reports.
- Measure the immersion times of the grout immediately
n 3.2 Fluidity test
a after the mixing process and after 30 min.
m 3.2.1 Immersion method For the test after 30 min, grout from the same mix as
:
y that used for the immersion test immediately after the
p 3.2.1.1 Principle of test mixing process shall be used; the grout is to be kept in
o
C The test consists of measuring the time a plunger motion with the stirrer until the carrying out of the test
d needs to drop through a defined amount of grout in a after 30 min. Each test is carried out three times in
e tube. succession with the same filling.
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 Page 4
EN 445 : 1996

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b
i 2 Guide rod
g 3 Wooden rod (as spacer)
c 4 Cu-Zn tube
m
- 5 Final position of the plunger
n 6 Level
a 7 Wooden rod (as measuring rod)
m 8 White dye
:
y 9 Guide cam
p 10 Grout level in the starting position of the plunger
o 11 Grout level without plunger (∼ 1,9 l)
C
d Figure 1. Immersion equipment for determining the immersion time
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 Page 5
EN 445 : 1996

3.2.1.5 Reporting of results Dimensions in mm

I Report the result as the average of the immersion

S times to the nearest second of the second and third
B immersion, ignoring the first immersion time.
)
c( 3.2.2 Cone method
,
y
p 3.2.2.1 Principle of test
o
C The fluidity of grout, expressed in seconds, measured
d by the time necessary for a stated quantity of grout to
ell pass through the orifice of the cone, under stated
o
rt conditions.
n
o 3.2.2.2 Apparatus
c
n The following apparatus is required for the test.
U
, a) Cone, a cone of the dimensions given in figure 2.
5 It shall be robust and manufactured from materials
0
0 not reactive with any materials specified in clause 4
2
y
of EN 447. The volume of the cone (excluding the
r cylindrical portions at top and bottom) shall
a
u be 1,7 l ± 10 %.
n Figure 2. Cone for fluidity test
a b) Sieving medium, the sieving medium aperture
J
6 shall be 1,5 mm and the sieving medium shall be 3.3 Bleeding test
0 fitted as shown in figure 2, and be removable.
,) 3.3.1 Principle of test
c) Stopwatch.
C The test consists of measuring the quantity of water
S
I d) Container, of 1 l capacity.
J remaining on the surface of the grout which has been
( 3.2.2.3 Test procedure allowed to stand protected from evaporation.
-
r Preparation
e t 3.3.2 Apparatus
s Mount the cone with its axis vertical and its largest A transparent 100 ml cylinder 25 mm in diameter
e
h diameter uppermost. Fix the sieving medium at the and 250 mm in height graduated in ml. Alternatively, a
c position indicated in figure 2. During the test prevent
n transparent cylinder 50 mm in diameter and 200 mm in
a the cone from vibrating. Place the container under the height graduated in mm.
M cone outlet. All surfaces of the cone shall be clean and
f
o shall be dampened so that the surfaces are moist but 3.3.3 Procedure
y ti without free water. Close the lower cone orifice. Preparation
s
r Procedure Place the cylinder on a surface free from shocks or
e
v i Pour the grout through the sieving medium to fill the vibration. The grout used should be from the same
n conical section of the cone. Pour the grout sufficiently batch as that used for the fluidity test.
U
, slowly to prevent the build-up of air in the grout in the Procedure for 25 mm diameter cylinder
2 cone. Open the lower cone orifice and at the same
w Pour 95 to 100 ml of grout into the cylinder. Note the
e time, start the stopwatch. Measure the time taken to level of the grout (v) ignoring the meniscus. After 3 h,
b
i the nearest 0,5 s to fill the container. The presence of
g measure the quantity of water on top of the grout (v1),
c lumps on the sieving medium shall be reported. Three taking appropriate measures to prevent evaporation.
m
- tests shall be carried out, the first immediately after The test is carried out on one sample of grout.
n the grout is mixed and the remaining two tests 30 min
a Procedure for 50 mm diameter cylinder
after mixing or injection. While testing is in progress
m Pour grout into the cylinder to a height of
2 the grout shall be kept agitated.
w approximately 150 mm. Note the height to the top of
e 3.2.2.4 Reporting of results the grout (h) ignoring the meniscus. After 3 h, measure
b
i
g
Report the time taken to the nearest 0,5 s. Report also the height of water on top of the grout (h1) taking
c the presence of lumps. appropriate measures to prevent evaporation. The test
m
- Report the result as the average of the times is carried out on one sample of grout.
n
a determined to the nearest 0,5 s of the second and third
m tests, ignoring the results of the first test.
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EN 445 : 1996

3.3.4 Reporting of results ± transparent stop plate, for placing on the grout
Bleeding at the end of 3 h is given by and having a diameter of 98 mm and weight of 10 g
I v1
approximately (see figure 4).
S 3 100 % for 25 mm diameter cylinder d) Filling gauge.
B v
) and 3.4.3.2 Procedure
c(
, Place the cans on a surface free of vibration and heat
y h1 3 100 % for 50 mm diameter cylinder radiation and store for 24 h. Immediately after mixing,
p h
o pour the grout into each can using the filling gauge, to
Cwhere: a depth of 100 mm. Carry out a measurement of the
d
ell v1 is the volume of water in ml on the surface of distance from the top of the can to the top of the
o the grout after 3 h grout:
rt
n v ± immediately after the containers are filled; and
o is the initial volume in ml of grout
c ± 24 h after the containers are filled;
n h1 is the height in mm of water on the surface of by one of the following methods.
U the grout after 3 h
, a) Measurement with the stop plate on the can
5 h is the initial height in mm of grout.
0 Take the first measurement immediately after the
0 cans have been filled with grout, by measuring the
2The report shall state the temperature at the time of
y
r test.
distance between the surface of the grout and the
a top edge of the can, with the stop plate on the can,
u3.4 Volume change test in at least six places with the depth gauge or by
n
a other means (first measurement). The marking shall
J 3.4.1 Principle of test
6The volume change is measured as a percentage of the coincide with the top edge of the can (reference
0 point). Then seal the cans by covering the lid with a
,) volume of grout between the start and the end of the
weight of approximately 300 g until the second
Ctest. The test measures mainly the volume change measurement. Carry out the second
S
I caused by segregation or expansion.
J measurement 24 h after the filling of the cans.
(
- The grout used in this test may have been used for the In the second measurement, measure the distance
r bleeding test (see 3.3). between the firm surface of the grout and the top
e t
s 3.4.2 Cylinder method
edge of the can at the same places with the same
e means as for the first measurement.
h
c 3.4.2.1 Apparatus b) Measurement with the stop plate on the grout
n
aA transparent cylinder, 50 mm in diameter and 200 mm Immediately after filling the cans, put the stop plate
Min height. (figure 4) on the fresh grout and measure with the
f
o3.4.2.2 Procedure depth gauge the distance between this plate and the
y ti Place the cylinder on a surface free from shocks or top edge of the can in at least six places (first
s
r vibration. Fill it with the grout to a height h. 24 h after
measurement). Then seal the cans. Carry out the
e second measurement 24 h after the filling of the
v i filling the cylinder measure the height (h2) of the grout
nin the cylinder.
cans. In the second measurement, measure the
U distance between the stop plate and the top edge of
, 3.4.2.3 Reporting of results the can at the same six places as for the first
2
wThe volume change at the end of 24 h is given by measurement.
e
ib h2 2 h 3.4.3.3 Reporting of results
g 3 100 %
c h The difference of the average values between the first
m
- where: and second measurement(s) in mm corresponds
n at 100 mm grout level to the volume change in percent
a
m h is the initial height in mm of grout (see 3.4) and is reported as the percentage change in volume.
2 h2 is the height of grout in mm after 24 h. Report the percentage change in volume as the average
w of the three containers to the nearest 0,1 %. Report
e
b 3.4.3 Can method increase of volume as (+) and decrease as (2).
i
g
c 3.4.3.1 Apparatus 3.5 Compression strength test
m
- a) Three metal cans, 120 mm high and
n approximately 100 mm in diameter, with lids capable 3.5.1 Prisms
a
m of preventing the loss of moisture. 3.5.1.1 Principle of the test
: b) Measuring rod or sliding calipers.
y The compression strength of grout in this test (which
p c) Plates: is an adaptation to grouts of the mechanical tests
o
C ± stop plate, for placing on the can with a diameter described in EN 196-1) is determined on the broken
d of 120 mm (see figure 3); halves of prisms.
e
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 Page 7
EN 445 : 1996

3.5.1.2 Apparatus Dimensions in mm

I a) Mixer for grout, in accordance with the

S requirements of EN 447.
B
) b) Ventilated drying cupboard, with a temperature
c( of (20 ± 1) ÊC and a relative humidity of (95 ± 5) %.
,
y c) Test machines, and the devices in accordance
p with 4.7 and 4.8 of EN 196-1.
o
C d) Metal moulds, in accordance with 4.5 of
d EN 196-1.
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2
w 3.5.1.3.1 Moulding of the test specimens
e
b
i The moulds and accessories shall be prepared and the
g specimens made in accordance with EN 196-1, with the
c
m exception noted as follows.
-
n Each mould shall be filled with the prepared grout. As
a
an exception to the procedure in EN 196-1 (and
m
2 because of the liquidity of grouts) the test specimens
w shall not be subjected to any vibration or shock.
e
b
i Immediately strike off the excess grout with the metal
g straight edge held almost vertically and moved slowly,
c b) Plate
m with a transverse sawing motion once in each
- Figure 3. Plate on the can direction. Smooth the surface of the specimens using
n
a the same straight edge held almost flat. Then cover the
m specimens with a glass plate.
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L © BSI 1997
 Page 8
EN 445 : 1996

3.5.1.3.2 Curing of test specimens

Cure test specimens in accordance with EN 196-1, until
I they are tested.
S
B3.5.1.3.3 Compression test
)
c( The compression test shall be carried out in
, accordance with EN 196-1. The compression strength
y
pshall be measured on six test specimens from three
oprisms broken in flexure.
C
d3.5.1.4 Reporting of results
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o The report shall provide all the results of the
rt compression tests, in MPa.
n
oThe value obtained for each test shall be the mean of
c
nthe individual results.
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, 3.5.2 Cylinders
5
0
03.5.2.1 Principle
2
y The compressive strength of grout in this test is
r determined on the three cylinders used in the volume
a
uchange test given in 3.4.3.
n
a3.5.2.2 Apparatus
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6 a) The cans, as described in 3.4.3.1.
0
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C ISO 4012.
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J
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- specimens.
r
e t 3.5.2.3 Procedure
s
eAfter measuring the volume change, store the three
h ±
c cylinders in water at (20 1) ÊC until they are to be
nprepared for test. Immediately prior to test, carefully
a
Mdemould the specimens.
f
oPrepare each specimen for test by sawing through the
y cylinder near the upper surface and then grinding both
ti
s circular surfaces of the cylinder until the disc to be
r loaded in the test has a thickness of 80 mm.
e
v i
nThen test each specimen in accordance with
UISO 4012 until the maximum load (Fc) is reached.
,
23.5.2.4 Reporting of results
w
eCalculate the compressive strength R c in N/mm2 from
ib
g Fc
c Rc =
A
m
-
nwhere
a
m F is the failure load in N
c
2
w A is the cross-sectional area in mm2
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gand shall be measured on three specimens, the mean
c value of which shall be reported as the compressive
m
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 Issue 2, December 1997 Page 9
BS EN 445 : 1997

National annex NA (informative)

I Cone for fluidity test
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 BS EN 445 : 1997

List of references

See national foreword.

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 |
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