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REPORT Group 8
REPORT Group 8
A PROJECT REPORT ON
By
Guide
Prof. Anantharama
Date:
Place:
Prof.
Guide External Examiner
Prof.
HOD Principal
Seal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our special thanks of gratitude and deep regards to our
guide Prof. Anantharama who gave us the golden opportunity to pursue this
dissertation entitled “Atmospheric Water Generator”. We have tried our best in this
dissertation; however he provided an exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant
encouragement throughout the course. Our deepest sense of gratitude to God, who guided
and gave us the strength and abilities to complete this project work successfully.
We would also like to thank Prof. Vikram.V.Avhad B.E. Project Coordinator, for
allowing us to undertake this project and provide necessary help.
We are also extremely grateful to Prof. Dr. B. M. Shinde, HoD Mechanical
Engineering Department for the technical guidance. I also thank Principal Prof. Dr.
Nihar Walimbe for motivation to do this work.
We would like to take this opportunity to express our gratitude and sincere
appreciation to all those who gave us the possibility to complete this report. This work is
also the outcome of the blessing guidance and support of our parents, friends and all
family members
Keywords :
Clean water
Dehumidification
Condensation
VCC (vapor compression cycle)
Heat transfer
Design And Development Of Atmospheric Water Generator
INDEX
1. Title Sheet I
2. Certificate (Institution) II
3. Acknowledgement III
4. Abstract of the Project IV
5. List of figures 2
6. Nomenclature 3
7. Introduction 4
8. Problem Statement 9
9. Objective 9
10. Scope 10
11. Literature Survey / Theory 11
12. Methodology 14
13. Design and modelling 17
14. Calculations 19
15. Design constraints 21
16. Parts figures 23
17. Advantages and disadvantages 28
18. Result 30
19. Summary 32
20 References 34
List of Figures
3 Rough/Proposed model 18
4 Whether Data 19
5 Condenser 23
6 Capillary tube 23
7 Compressor 24
8 Evaporator 24
11 Fan 26
12 12V Adapter 26
13 Whole Model 27
NOMENCLATURE
RH = Relative humidity
Pa = Atmospheric pressure
Chapter 1
Introduction
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A growing number of the world’s population lack access to clean water. About
844 million people lack access to safe water, a large proportion coming from
underdeveloped African countries (“Water Crisis,” n.d.). Those with access to water
in these countries often have to walk several hours each day to collect clean water.
Even developed nations struggle with access to safe water. For example, about 75
percent of Mexico’s population drinks packaged water, and in the United States and
China, over 10 billion gallons of bottled water are consumed every year as a result
of increasing population coupled with climate change and pollution issues (Illsley,
2016). Consequently, the world demand for water treatment products is increasing
about seven percent annually (“World Water Treatment,” n.d.).
Along with being extremely costly, these processes pose a threat to the
environment and result in a waste solution that requires disposal. These water
purification methods also require access to a local body of water, which may not be
available. Atmospheric water generation using dehumidification technology is an
alternative to high energy desalination systems. These systems could be used to
generate potable water in any location with an external power source or renewable
energy resources.
As shown in Figure 1 below, the vapour compression cycle will feed potable water from
the greenhouse air to consumers in a community. From there, the wastewater will be
treated and sent back to provide nutrients to a hydroponic greenhouse, which will also
provide food for the community. The project goal isn’t solely about atmospheric water
generation, but a holistic and fully integrated approach to delivering food, water, and energy in an
environmentally conscious and clean way.
II. Dehumidification Basic: The process in which the moisture or water vapour or
the humidity is removed from the air keeping its dry bulb (DB) temperature
constant is called as the dehumidification process. This process is represented
by a straight vertical line onthe psychrometric chart starting from the initial
value of relative humidity, extendingdownwards and ending at the final value
of the relative humidity. Like the pure humidification process, in actual practice
the pure dehumidification process is not possible, since the dehumidification is
always accompanied by cooling or heating of the air. Dehumidification process
along with cooling or heating is used in number of air conditioning applications.
Let us see how these processes are obtained and how they are represented on the
psychrometric chart.
Step 1: Compression
The refrigerant (for example R-717) enters the compressor at low
temperature and low pressure. It is in a gaseous state. Here, compression
takes place to raise the temperature and refrigerant pressure. The
refrigerant leaves the compressor and enters to the condenser. Since this
process requires work, an electric motor may be used. Compressors
themselves can be scroll, screw, centrifugal or reciprocating types.
Step 2: Condensation
The condenser is essentially a heat exchanger. Heat is transferred from
the refrigerant to a flow of water. This water goes to a cooling tower for
cooling in the case of water-cooled condensation. Note that seawater and
air-cooling methods may also play this role. As the refrigerant flows through
the condenser, it is in a constant pressure. One cannot afford to ignore
condenser safety and performance. Specifically, pressure control is
paramount for safety and efficiency reasons.
Step 4: Evapouration
At this stage of the Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycle, the refrigerant
is at a lower temperature than its surroundings. Therefore, it evapourates
and absorbs latent heat of vapourization. Heat extraction from the
refrigerant happens at low pressure and temperature.
Compressor suction effect helps maintain the low pressure. There are different
evaporator versions in the market, but the major classifications are liquid cooling
and air cooling, depending whether they cool liquid or air respectively,
Design and develop a prototype system for removing clean (portable) drinking
water from airusing a wind turbine.Use a wind turbine to generate electricity;
use electricity to cool air (orincrease pressure) resulting in condensation of
water; capture water vapour from air thatcondenses into water. Self-contained
system (no external connections required). Basic humanneed (especially
valuable for remote areas).”
To design and prototype asystem for obtaining clean drinking water from air,
focusing onimprovements in the energy requirement with the end goal of
powering the device withrenewable energy
1.2 Objectives:
The major objective of our project is to provide safe and clean Drinking water to
those areas which are facing water shortage problems or where water
transportation through regular means is expensive (especially rural areas).
The major aim or objective of our project is to provide safe and clean drinking
water to those areas which are facing water shortage problems or where water
transportation through regular means is expensive (especially rural areas).
1.3 Scope:
Whether you are living in a remote area, or your job is taking you to a place
where living conditions are less than favourable, we’ve got you covered when
it comes to clean drinking water!
Industries which require travel, such as the military, can use an atmospheric
water generator to create water when resources run low. Setting up camp in a
desert, or a region where there is little safe drinking water is much simpler
when you have a device like ours to continuously supply hydration.
Chapter 2
Literature Survey
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW:
Shweta,P.Nerlekar (January 2017) "Have considered that refrigeration strategy
having higher profitability when relative moistness is high and drying up
technique can improve the efficiency of model when relative dampness is low.
In the underlying stage we have effectively gotten one to two liters of water in 1
hour with relative mugginess of 70%.Within this period, it expended 1 kilowatt-
long stretches of vitality per liter of water produced utilizing refrigeration
process. Our point would extricate moistness from the air and after that cleaning
it into the most noteworthy quality drinking water by sending the gathered
buildup through a progression of ultra-amazing channels that slaughters all
germs, microscopic organisms and infections that could be available in the
water. The final product is the cleanest, most flawless water. The water is totally
unadulterated, sheltered and clean, just as extraordinary tasting.
Kabeela et.al. (2014) In his paper "Sun powered based climatic water generator
use of a new water recuperation: A numerical report" has done thermodynamic
investigation for a Peltier gadget which is utilized to build up a gadget that
utilizes the standard of dormant warmth to change over atoms of water vapour
into water beads called the Atmospheric Water Generator. It has been presented
a bit previously, however it isn't normal in India and some different nations. It
has an incredible application remaining on such period of innovation where we
as a whole are running behind sustainable sources. Here, the objective is to get
that particular temperature, called the dew point temperature, for all intents and
purposes or tentatively to consolidate water from barometrical muggy air with
the assistance of thermoelectric Peltier (TEC) couple.
Niewenhuis et.al., (2012), They have said that it is conceivable to pack sticky
air so much that it will begin consolidating at the surrounding temperature itself.
As weight expands the dew point rises; in this way, enough pressure will
constrain the dew point over the encompassing temperature bringing about
unconstrained buildup we saw that despite the fact that dehumidification by fluid
desiccant technique is new and have a ton of potential hypothetically however
when the analysts made a model and tried it the outcomes were not acceptable.
The gadget could deliver just 72.1 mL of water per kWhr
Anbarasu and Pavithra (2011), we construe that despite the fact that dehumidifying unit
utilizing vapour pressure refrigeration framework is more powerful than the Peltier
framework yet it needs as in it isn't convenient and it creates a great deal of sound. And
furthermore this framework is all the more expensive. Along these lines, this kind of
Atmospheric Water Generator is the gadget which can be actualized in extraordinary
circumstances like amid floods or in desert and rustic territories. It has incredible points of
interest as it works like a sustainable wellspring of air water and needn't bother with a
substantial power source. Applying this framework in a profoundly muggy district right
around 1 Liter of consolidated water can be created every hour amid the light, which is a very
promising
Chapter 3
Methodology
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY:
After study numbers of paper on the basis of cop and ecofriendly and easy to
operate we are going to try to make atmospheric water generator by using vapour
compression refrigeration system Vapour-compression refrigeration is the most
widely used method for air-conditioning in today’s world. The vapour-compression
consists of a circulating liquid refrigerant as the medium which absorbs and removes
heat from the space to be cooled and subsequently rejects that heat to the atmosphere.
Figure depicts a single-stage vapour-compression system. Basically the system has
four components: a compressor, a condenser, a thermal expansion valve and an
evaporator. Circulating refrigerant enters the compressor as saturated vapour and is
compressed This results in high pressure which in turn is responsible for higher
temperature. The compressed vapour then comes out as superheated vapour and
attains a temperature and pressure at which condensation can take place with the help
of cooling water or cooling air.
That hot vapour is passed through a condenser where it is cooled and condensed.
This is liquid refrigerant known as saturated liquid is next passed through an
expansion valve where there is a sudden drop in pressure. This results in the adiabatic
flash evapouration of the liquid refrigerant. As it is called lowers the temperature of
the liquid and vapour refrigerant mixture which makes it colder than the temperature
to be achieved (temperature of the enclosed space). The cold mixture is passed
through the coils in the vapour. A fan circulates the warm air in the enclosed space
where the circulating refrigerant rejects heat from the system.
The condensed across the coils carrying the cold refrigerant liquid and vapour
mixture. That warm air evapourates the liquid part of the cold refrigerant and at the
same time, the circulating air is cooled and as a result it lowers the temperature of the
enclosed space to the temperature to be achieved. The circulating refrigerant absorbs
and removes heat from the vapour (cover by a cylindrical plate) which is then rejected
in the condenser and transferred by the water or air used in the condenser. For the
completion of the refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant vapour coming out of the vapour
which is again a saturated vapour is returned back into the compressor.
Chapter 4
Design And Modelling
CHAPTER 4
A. Calculation :
Calculation 1 :
Average temperature (T) = 28°C
Average relative humidity (RH) = 65%
Average Dew point temperature (Td) = T – ((100 – RH)/5)
= 28 – ((100 – 65)/5)
= 21°C
Calculation 2 :
1. Maximum temperature : 35°C
2. relative humidity : 75%
3. Dew point temperature (Td) = T – ((100 – RH)/5)
= 35 – ((100 – 75)/5)
= 30°C
Calculation 2 :
1. Minimum temperature : 20°C
2. relative humidity : 30%
3. Dew point temperature (Td) = T – ((100 – RH)/5)
= 20 – ((100 – 30)/5)
= 6°C
Design Constrains :
Compressor :
Power : 1/2+HP
Weight : 6-8kg
Maximum cooling temperature : -16°C
Capacity : 405W
Power consumption(Q) = W*Time
Q =(405*1)/1000 ……(1 hr assumed)
Q = 0.4 KwHr
First we have calculate dew point temperature (at which vapour start condense) at
different DBT (dry bulb temperature) and different relative humidity.
Y(T,RH)=In(RH/100)+bT/c+T………(1)
Humidity ratio gives the amount of water (in m3) present in 1m3 of air. Also we
know that 1m3 is equal to 1000 litres. Thusmultiplying humidity ratio by 1000 gives
the maximum amount of water (in litres) that is present in 1m3 of air.
Sample Calculation
For atmospheric temperature 25 0C and relative humidity 35%
Humidity ratio=0.006879661
Amount of water =0.006879661*1000=6.87L
B. DESIGN CONSTRAINS
Table represent design constrain of model
Parts
Fig.3 Condenser
The purpose of the condenser is to receive the high pressure gas from
thecompressor and covert this gas to a liquid.
The capillary tube removes pressure from the liquid refrigerant to allow expansionor
change of state from a liquid to a vapour in the evaporator
Fig.5 Compressor
Fig.6 Evaporator
Fig.9 Fan
Chapter 5
Advantages And Disadvantages
ADVANTAGES
Highly Purified water : Atmospheric water generators remove water from the
surrounding air and purify it to remove particles and bacteria. As a result,
clean water that does not contain chemicals or other toxic substances can be
obtained.
Water supply issue: Atmospheric water generation systems allow people
facing natural or artificial water shortages to reduce or completely resolve
water supply problems. This technology is particularly promising regarding
low construction costs and easy parts availability.
Inexpensive and easy to maintain : The most significant advantage of
atmospheric water generation is its cost-effectiveness.
DISADVANTAGES
It totally depend upon the relative humidity , If the relative humidity lesss then
water will generate in low amount.
Chapter 6
Result and observations
CHAPTER 6
RESULT
OBSERVATION
At night when temperature is low the humidity is high so the water collection
rate is also high.
At afternoon when temperature is high and humidity is low then the water
collection rate is low
Chapter 7
Summary
CHAPTER 7
SUMMARY
This project will reduce the cost involved in the concern.This concept will not only
save the effort of a person but will also save one’s precious time and water under
critical circumstances and will eliminate the need of water grid.
Chapter 8
References
CHAPTER 8
REFERENCE
[5.] Niewenhuis B., Shepperly C., Beek R.V., Kooten E.V. “Water generator
water from air using liquid desiccant method”, 2012