UNIT 6.

Preserving our heritage - KEY

6A. Pronunciation
● Intonation in statements, commands, and lists
Mark the intonation in the following sentences, using  (falling intonation) or __ (level-rising
intonation). Then practise saying them in pairs.
1. We should make clubs more interesting for teenagers. 
2. It is important to raise people’s awareness of its importance. 
3. Forms of cultural heritage include folk music __, singing __, and dancing. 
4. We can go on a tour by boat __, see areas of natural beauty __, and listen to folk music. 
5. All buildings are kept in their original state. 
6. Young people can contribute more to heritage preservation. 
7. We can see its natural beauty with beautiful limestone mountains __, valleys __, and rivers. 
8. She enjoys reading novels set in the 19th century. 
9. Cultural heritage may include temples __, pagodas __, and monuments. 
10. The most UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Viet Nam are Hoi An __, Phong Nha Cave __,
Thang Long Citadel __, Hue Citadel __ and Ha Long Bay. 

6B. Vocabulary
● Words and phrases related to preserving heritage
I. Complete the sentences with the words given.
folk historic complex historical preserve
architecture cultural heritage restored folk music landscape

1. The art students were told to sketch the _____landscape _________.

2. He drew his inspiration from traditional Vietnamese ______folk music ________.
3. We want to ____preserve __________ the character of the town while improving the facilities.
4. The town’s modem _____architecture _________ is very well integrated with the old.
5. The badly neglected paintings have all been carefully _____restored_________.
6. Modernizing ______historic ___________ buildings can often do more harm than good.
7. Many important ______historical ____ documents were destroyed when the library was bombed.
8. We visited an exhibition of _______folk ________ art.
9. Some old buildings were pulled down to make space for a new shopping _____complex _____.
10. These monuments are a vital part of the ____cultural heritage _____ of South America.

II. Match each description with the words below.

archaeology permission interpretation
admiration preservation civilization
Angkor Wat
- Cambodia’s Angkor Wat National Museum collects and protects artifacts from the nearby Angkor Wat
temple complex. 1
________preservation ____________
- The architects and builders who created Angkor Wat in Cambodia did amazing work. It impresses
everyone who sees it. 2
________admiration ____________
- Archaeologists digging at Angkor Wat recently discovered a large statue buried beneath the ground.
3
_______archaeology__________
- Angkor was the capital city of the Khmer Empire, which ruled the area from the 9th to the 15th centuries.
4
_______civilization _______________
- The museum gives a lot of explanation about the history of Angkor Wat and the people who built it.
5
_______interpretation ____________
- Sometimes, parts of Angkor Wat are closed to the public, and only workers are allowed to enter them.
6
________permission __________
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III. Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word / phrase below.
temples community designs merchant pillars
merchant ships attractions trading port destination objects

The ancient town of Hoi An lies on the Thu Bon River, 30 km south of Da Nang. It was formerly
a major 1 ____trading port ___ in Southeast Asia between the 16th and the 17th centuries. Hoi An was also
an important centre for Dutch, Portuguese, Italian, Chinese, Japanese and other 2 ____merchant ships ___
from the Far East.
Hoi An is famous for its old 3 ____temples ____, pagodas, ancient homes and narrow streets. All
the houses were made of wood and their 4 _____pillars _____ were carved with ornamental 5
____designs____.
One of the main 6 ____attractions _____ of Hoi An is the Japanese Bridge, which was built in the
16th century and is still well-preserved. All visitors to Hoi An are recommended a visit to the Assembly
Hall of Cantonese Chinese Congregation. This house was built in 1855 and still keeps many precious 7
____objects ______ that belonged to the Chinese 8 ____community ______ of Hoi An. Another attractive
address to tourists is Tan Ky House, which was constructed nearly two centuries ago as a house for a
Vietnamese 9 ____merchant _____. The house now looks almost exactly as it did in the early 19th century.
In recent years, Hoi An has become a popular tourist 10 _____destination ______ in Viet Nam. In
1999, it was certified by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site.

IV. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. In 1805, King Gia Long requested the building of a new, smaller citadel called Ha Noi Citadel
with a new _____architectural ____ style. (architecture)
2. The Complex of Hue Monuments is a ____combination ______ of many royal monuments from
the Nguyen Dynasty. (combine)
3. As for me, the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty is one of the most ____attractive ______ destinations in
Viet Nam because of its value. (attract)
4. Homestay has become ____trending____ when historic travel is on the rise. (trend)
5. ____Restoration ____ of Cultural Heritage is an international degree programme at University of
Bologna in Italy. (restore)
6. Cat Ba Archipelago bears the exceptionally natural values with its _____tropical ____ forests
which cover the limestone system and the mangrove wetlands. (tropic)
7. Besides the ____historical _____ value of geology, Phong Nha - Ke Bang is also favoured with
the mysterious and majestic landscapes by nature. (history)
8. Management and ___preservation____ in Hoi An are further strengthened through master
planning and action plans. (preserve)

● Prepositions
Complete each sentence with the correct preposition.
1. The report offers suggestions ____for ____ improvement ____to ____ policy.
2. The building is ____in _______ a bad state of repair.
3. Businessmen can get opportunities to reach the public ___through ____ social media such as
blogs, podcasts and other forms.
4. Participants are encouraged to give voice ____to ___ their personal hopes, fears and dreams.
5. It was a real team effort - everyone contributed something ___to ___ the success of the project.
6. Children can have fun and learn ____about ____ music at the same time.
7. He already had an idea ____for ____ his next novel.
8. She trained ____for ______ the race, sometimes running as much as 60 miles a week.
9. We need to explain why these issues are important and relate them __to ____ everyday life.
10. The meeting was a social event ____for ____ retired people in the neighbourhood.

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6C. Grammar
● To-infinitive clauses
I. Combine the first halves to the second ones to make meaningful sentences with to-infinitive
phrases.
1. I went to the garden centre
2. When the teacher asked him a question, Jack pretended
3. I bought a new screwdriver
4. Please open the door
5. My mother always said I should eat lots of green vegetables
6. Phong climbed on a chair
7. Before I visit Japan next summer, I really want
8. It’s a good idea
9. Mai has to practise at least four hours every day
10. Jim finally went to the dentist
___1. F ____ A. to let some fresh air in.
___2. C ____ B. to stay healthy.
___3. G ____ C. to understand what she was saying.
___4. A ____ D. to know where your children are at all times.
___5. B ____ E. to get some relief from his toothache.
___6. H ____ F. to get some fertilizers for my flowers.
___7. I ____ G. to repair my bike.
___8. D ____ H. to change a light bulb on the ceiling.
___9. J ___ I. to learn some useful Japanese phrases.
___10. E___ J. to be ready for her piano competition next month.

II. Combine the suitable sentences in each group to form new meaningful ones using to-infinitive
phrases.
1. I shouted. _________ A. I want to keep warm.
2. I had to go to the bank. _________ B. I want to report that my bike had been stolen.
3. I’m saving money. _________ C. I want to go to Singapore.
4. I went into hospital. _________ D. I had to have an operation.
5. I’m wearing two pullovers. _________ E. I needed to get some money.
6. I phoned the police station. _________ F. I want to warn people of the danger.
1. I shouted to __________warn people of the danger_________________________________
2. _______I had to go to the bank to get some money___________________________________
3. _______I’m saving money to go to Singapore_______________________________________
4. ______I went into hospital to have an operation________________________________________
5. _______I’m wearing two pullovers to keep warm_________________________________________
6. _______I phoned the police station to report that my bike had been stolen ______________

III. Complete the sentences using a suitable verb.

1. I didn’t have enough time _______to read ___________ the newspaper today.
2. He came home by taxi. He didn’t have enough energy _______to walk _______ home.
3. ‘Would you like something ______to drink ________?’ - ‘Yes, please. A cup of coffee.’
4. We need a bag _______to put _________ these things in.
5. There will be a meeting next week _____to discuss_______ the problem.
6. I wish I had enough money ________to get / buy ________ a new bike.
7. I saw Hoa at the party but we didn’t have a chance _______to talk _______ to each other.
8. I need some new clothes. I haven’t got anything nice _____to wear / put on _____.
9. They’ve just passed their exams. They’re having a party ______to celebrate ________.
10. I can’t do all this work alone. I need someone _______to help ________ me.
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IV. Rewrite the answers in the short exchanges using to-infinitive phrases.
Example: Why did you come here?
- Because I wanted to see my friends.
→ I came here to see my friends.
1. Q: Why do you go to the beach every weekend?
A: Because I like swimming.
→ She _____goes to the beach every weekend to swim_______________
2. Q: Why did you move to Ha Noi?
A: I wanted to find work.
→ He ________moved to Ha Noi to find work________________
3. Q: Why are you leaving home?
A: I’m going to university in Tokyo.
→ She ________is leaving home to go to university in Tokyo_______________
4. Q: Why are you having a party?
A: It’s my seventeenth birthday, and I want to celebrate it.
→ He ________is having a party to celebrate his seventeenth birthday_______________
5. Q: Why do you get up at five every morning?
A: I do my training then.
→ He ________gets up at five every morning to do his training_________________
6. Q: Why are you saving money?
A: I want to buy a new smartphone.
→ She __________is saving money to buy a new smartphone_________________
7. Q: Why did you buy a new suit?
A: I want to wear it at the office party.
→ He ________bought a new suit to wear it at the office party_______________
8. Q: Why did you turn on TV very late last night?
A: We wanted to watch the World Cup final match.
→ They _______turned on TV very late last night to watch the World Cup final match_________

6D. Reading
I. Match each of eight world heritage sites in Viet Nam with its description, writing the answer in
each blank.
1. Complex of Hue 1. D A. The commercial activity of the port made it an
Monuments important trade center from the 15th to the 19th century.
Local and foreign traders have left their marks with
numerous buildings that make up an exceptionally well-
preserved ancient town.
2. Ha Long Bay 2. G B. It remained its political center for 13 centuries. The
central sector of the Citadel embodies a unique culture
from the Red River area.
3. Hoi An Ancient Town 3. A C. Developed from the 4th to 13th century, it consists of
the remains of several temples. This site used to be the
political and religious capital of the Champa Kingdom.
4. Phong Nha-Ke Bang 4. H D. With several buildings remaining along the Huong
National Park River of the Royal Citadel, the Imperial Enclosure, and
the Forbidden City, it is the landmark of the imperial
Vietnamese history, arts and architecture.
5. My Son Sanctuary 5. C E. Situated in the south of the Red River Delta, it is a
breathtaking area of limestone mountain surrounding low
cultivated valleys. It is also the site of Hoa Lu, the ancient
capital of Viet Nam from the 10th and 11th centuries.
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 6. Imperial Citadel of Thang
Long-Ha Noi
7. Citadel of the Ho Dynasty 7. F
8. Trang An Landscape
Complex
6. B F. It dates back to the 14th century. It was built according
to the Feng Shui principles in a plain between the Ma and
Buoi Rivers in Thanh Hoa Province.
G. Gathering more than 1,600 limestone islets in the Gulf
of Tonkin, it is an iconic seascape of verticals cliffs. The
site’s beauty is famous around the world, and it is also a
haven for biodiversity.
8. E H. With 65 km of caves and underground rivers, it hosts a
very complex limestone landscape with significant
geological features.

II. Read the text, and decide whether the statements are true (T), or false (F), or not given (NG).
The Area of Old Carved Stones in Sa Pa
The area of old carved stones in Sa Pa lies mainly in the Muong Hoa Valley, where there are
settlements of ethnic minority people in Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province. Carved stones here have been
discovered since a long time ago. In 1925, a French scholar coming here discovered more than 30 pieces
of stone that had been carved with various images, scattered along the Hoa Spring bank. Later, other
scientists have come here to study the carved pieces of stone. Until now, researchers have discovered
more than 200 pieces of stone carved with different images, among them are the big ones which have
complicated designs.
The most common patterns are images of mountains, hills and fields. In some pieces of stone, we
can find images of houses, following the pattern of house on stilts with the form of boat, with curved roof,
reminding the image of houses on the Dong Son bronze drums.
Particularly, a number of researchers have raised the hypothesis of traces of 3 kinds of writing
system, following the pattern of pictorial writing with straight and curved lines. There are writing systems
almost similar to the writing systems found on amulets of Tay ethnic group and Dao ethnic group, but
they are not Tay characters. The discovery of the 3 above kinds of writing system on carved pieces of
stone makes more complicated the determination of the author of those works. Maybe those authors
belong to many different ethnic minorities and have achieved their works in different times.
There are opinions underlining that those pieces of stone have been carved by the old Viet people,
or ethnic groups near to the old Viet people. At present, there remain a number of legends about the
“Father piece” and “Mother piece” of stone related to inhabitants of the areas lying at the mountain foot
coming here to find new settlements. However, the problem of determination of the real authors of those
works is still to be solved.
1. Scientists discovered a number of old carved stones in Sa Pa, which dated back to Dong Son
Bronze Age. _____NG_____
2. Hundreds of stone pieces have been found with various images, some of which have big, complex
patterns. ____T_____
3. The most common topic for the patterns is nature. ____T______
4. Images of stilt houses on these pieces of stone were the same as those on the Dong Son bronze
drums. ____F______
5. The three kinds of writing system on the carved pieces of stone might share the similar pattern of
pictorial writing with straight and curved lines. _____T______
6. The writing systems on the old carved stones in Sa Pa came from those of Tay and Dao ethnic
groups, but they are not Tay characters. _____F____
7. Tay ethnic group and Dao ethnic group have their own writing systems. _____T_______
8. It is thought that the authors of the ancient carved stones came from many different ethnic
minorities, and did them in different times. ____T_______
9. The “Father piece” and “Mother piece” of stone are the biggest ones. ____NG______
10. The early Viet inhabitants of the areas lying at the mountain foot came to Sa Pa to set the “Father
piece” and “Mother piece” of stone as their new settlements. ____F______
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III. Read the passage about the Complex of Yen Tu Monuments and Landscape, and then answer
the questions.
The Complex of Yen Tu Monuments and Landscape
The Complex of Yen Tu Monuments and Landscape is located on the Dong Trieu Range, at the
intersection of two provinces: Quang Ninh and Bac Giang. Relics on and excavated under the ground in
the Complex of Yen Tu Monuments and Landscape have proved a long history of cultural exchanges in
the country. The heritage site, with dozens of pagodas, towers and small temples, and thousands of
antiquities - especially old books, preserves spiritual values of Truc Lam Zen Buddhism and the cultural
traces of the Dai Viet civilization. The values of Truc Lam Zen Buddhism and Dai Viet culture have been
kept throughout the history of Viet Nam, promoted to other countries in the world by generations of Zen
masters and will be retained in the future.
Truc Lam is a pure Vietnamese Zen Buddhism which focuses on inner feelings but at the same
time enters into life with a forgiveness approach. Truc Lam aims to connect religion to life in a positive
way and builds a close link to true patriotism. King Tran Nhan Tong, the founder of Truc Lam, was the
one who collected a lot of older books to guide Buddhists and followers of Truc Lam Zen Buddhism on
how to practise their religion and become good people.
Yen Tu is thought of as a natural ecological museum due to its rich bio-diversity. The natural
landscape of this place met the requirements of a Buddhism center, which was why it was chosen by
Vietnamese Buddhism followers as a place to come and build small temples covered with grass, to
practice their religion.

1. What has proved that Yen Tu has a long history of cultural exchanges in the country?
________Relics on and excavated under the ground in Yen Tu have proved that_____________________
2. What attractions can visitors see at Yen Tu?
______They can see dozens of pagodas, towers and small temples, and thousands of antiquities_______
3. What does the heritage site preserve?
______It preserves spiritual values of Truc Lam Zen Buddhism and the cultural traces of the Dai Viet
civilization___________
4. What does Truc Lam Zen Buddhism aim to do?
__Truc Lam aims to connect religion to life in a positive way and builds a close link to true patriotism___
5. What did King Tran Nhan Tong do for followers of Truc Lam Zen Buddhism?
_______He collected a lot of older books to guide Buddhists and followers of Truc Lam Zen Buddhism
on how to practise their religion and become good people___________
6. Why was Yen Tu chosen a Buddhism center?
______Because the natural landscape of this place met the requirements of a Buddhism center_________

IV. Read the text, and then do the tasks that follow.
My Son Sanctuary
Hidden away in the tropical forest near the port city of Da Nang and the very popular World
Heritage town of Hoi An is the Champa civilization’s sacred valley of My Son, or “Beautiful Mountain”.
I joined the full day package tour from Hoi An, which was quite very convenient as it included all
transportation, ticket fee, lunch and guide. I arrived in My Son around 10 o’clock. After walking for a
while, 1 found the complex of tourist facilities, and one of them is the performance hall. Our guide
insisted us keeping going into the forest. Within few minutes, I started to see the complex of ancient
Hindu temples made from brick.
At first, the dilapidated state of the complex was quite shocking, and almost nothing was left to
see. I decided to discover the site by myself, and I started to be impressed by the amazing quality of brick
carving details. The image of Hinduism guardians and angels are truly beautiful and reminded me about
Angkor in Cambodia. For me, My Son is the great evidence of how Southern Indian art expanded to
Southeast Asia since ancient Cham people came from Java where Indian art flourished, and later expand
to modem day Viet Nam and later Cambodia and Thailand. The construction method of My Son is also
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very unique: Cham people built a whole block of bricks then burned them to make the whole brick block
very solid and strong, then chiseled into the temple. I walked around the complex many times to enjoy its
intricate motifs until the guide informed that there are more complex to see.
I went to see another complex, this one is located on the hill and recently partial rebuilt by a group
of Italian archaeologists, and they are planning to rebuild more, which is a very good news for My Son
preservation. The rebuilt complex is very lovely and illustrates the original layout very well even though
the new brick really contrasts with the old ones. After that, the guide took me back to the bus and back to
Hoi An, it was exactly 3 hours inside My Son. Despite the bad state of preservation, I really enjoyed my
visit to My Son, the place has exceeded my expectation and even small complex can clearly show its
value as a bridge of cultural exchange between India - Java and mainland Southeast Asia.

Task 1. Answer the following questions.

1. Why was the writer’s tour from Hoi An to My Son very convenient?
1. Because it included all transportation, ticket fee, lunch and guide.
2. What was his first impression of My Son? Why?
2. At first, he felt shocked/ the dilapidated state of the complex made him feel (quite) shocked,
because almost nothing was left to see.
3. What first made him change his opinion about My Son?
3. It was the truly beautiful image of Hinduism guardians and angels, which reminded him about
Angkor in Cambodia.
4. Which feature does he find unique about My Son?
4. He finds the construction method of My Son very unique: Cham people built a whole block of
bricks then burned them to make the whole brick block very solid and strong then chiseled into the
temple.
5. Why is the writer optimistic about the preservation of My Son in the near future?
5. Because a group of Italian archaeologists has recently partial rebuilt a complex, and they are
planning to rebuild more.
6. Why did he enjoy his visit to My Son?
6. Because the place has exceeded his expectation and even small complex can clearly show its
value as a bridge of cultural exchange between India - Java and mainland Southeast Asia.

Task 2. Match the underlined words in the text with the definitions.
1. sacred ___1. D ____ A. a person that protects something
2. dilapidated ___2. F ___ B. a connection between two different things
3. guardian ___3. A ____ C. a person who studies ancient civilizations, based on objects or
part of buildings that are found in the ground
4. chiseled ___4. E ____ D. having a special religious meaning
5. archeologist ___5. C ___ E. cut or carved to shape wood or stone
6. bridge ___6. B___ F. old and in very bad condition

V. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.

Stonehenge, in the south of England, is an ancient stone circle that was built thousands of years
ago at around the same time as the pyramids ỉn Egypt. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1
_____1986 ______ and it is visited by up to 2 ____a million ______ people every year. Come on a guided
tour and see this incredible place!
Reviews
‘Our guide told us that the stones around the edge of Stonehenge are called sarsens and the largest
ones weighs more than 40 tons and is 3 ____24 ______ feet high. They think the sarsens came from
quarries 25 miles away. However, the smaller ones, which are called bluestones and are In the middle of
the circle, were from the Presell Hills in Wales. I asked the guide If that was far away and he said it was

7
about 4 _____200 _____ miles away! I can’t imagine how the stones were transported to Stonehenge
because they didn’t have any vehicles or machinery.’ Nick 14
‘The guide told us about the remains of a large prehistoric village that was discovered by
archeologists last year. It’s less than 5 ____two ______ miles from Stonehenge and they think it’s where
the builders lived when they were constructing the stone circle. He said that they’d found lots of animal
bones and pieces of broken pottery. I asked her if they’d had parties there and she thought that was
exactly what had happened.’ Cara, 14
‘Stonehenge was a place where the summer solstice, which is the longest day of the year in the
Northern Hemisphere, was celebrated. The guide told us that people still come today to celebrate it. They
meet very early in the morning and watch the sun rise over the stones. He said it was the most beautiful
thing in the world. He asked me if I’d ever seen it. I haven’t, but I’d really like to see it next June 6
______20th________.’ Jane, 15

Task 1. Complete the text with the numbers below.

24 200 1986 20th a million two
Task 2. Read the text, and mark the sentences true (T) or false (F).
1. The pyramids in Egypt are older than Stonehenge. ___F_____
2. Stonehenge was built by UNESCO. ___F______
3. Different types of stones were used by the builders. ___T____
4. Some of the stones were carried a great distance. ___T_____
5. Experts have known about the village near Stonehenge for years. ___F____
6. They believe that the builders who lived there used to have parties. ___T____
7. Celebrating the summer solstice at Stonehenge is an old tradition. ___T____
8. Jane went to Stonehenge last June. ___F____

VI. Read the article about the Moai, and do the tasks that follow.
THE MYSTERIOUS MOAI
1. ______D. What are the Moai?________
The Moai are beautiful stone statues that you can see on the Chilean island of Rapa Nui (Easter Island), in
the Pacific Ocean. There are 887 statues, and we know that the first ones were made about 1,00 years ago.
However, we don’t know very much about the people who made them, or the reasons why they made
them. The stones are a beautiful mystery.
2. ______E. What do the Moai look like?______
The Moai are statues of men with very large heads, and smaller bodies and arms. Only one has legs and
feet.
3. _____A. How did people make the Moai?__________
We know that people used hand tools to make the stones because archeologists have found examples of
many old tools all over the island. They believed it must have taken about a year to make each statue,
with five or six people working on each one.
4. ______B. How did people move the Moai?_________
This is a more difficult question! Some of the statues are huge, and people can’t have carried them using
just their hands. The largest stones are nearly ten metres long, and weigh about 18,000 kilograms.
Professor Carla Lopez says, ‘The people must have had some way of moving these stones. Some
archeologists think they might have pulled the stones across the island using ropes. But the stones were so
heavy, it must have taken between 180 and 250 men to pull each one.’
5. ______F. Why did people make the Moai?_________
We don’t know. Most people believe that the statues represent people who had died. However, according
to Professor Lopez, ‘We can’t explain why the ancient islanders put so much work into creating these
statues, and why so many of the statues are looking away from the ocean. Perhaps the artists believed
they were looking towards the villages on the island, to protect them.’
6. ______C. What about the Moai today?_________
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Today Easter Island is a World Heritage site. Thousands of visitors come to study and admire the statues
every year. Most people just take photos, but there have been some problems. In 2008, a tourist tried to
take a piece of a statue’s ear home as a souvenir. He had to pay $17,000, and he couldn’t go back to the
island for three years.

Task 1. Complete the headings with the questions below.

A. How did people make the Moai?
B. How did people move the Moai?
C. What about the Moai today?
D. What are the Moai?
E. What do the Moai look like?
F. Why did people make the Moai?
Task 2. Read the article again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1. There are 887 statues. ____T_____
2. There aren’t any statues of women. ____T_____
3. The tools that people used to make the statues have all disappeared. ___F____
4. It took one man a year to make each statue. ___F_____
5. Some experts believe that people carried the statues by hand. ___T____
6. Most of the statues look out towards the sea. ___F______
7. The island is a popular tourist destination. ___T_____

Task 3. Answer the questions.

1. How do archeologists know what the ancient islanders used to make the statues?
______They have found examples of many old tools all over the island______________
2. Why is it possible that people carried the stones?
__Because some of the statues are huge, it must have taken between 180 and 250 men to pull each one__
3. What might the statues protect, according to one expert?
______According to one expert, they might protect the villages on the island________
4. How did one man damage a statue?
_____He tried to take a piece of a statue’s ear home as a souvenir_____________

VII. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.

The Seven Wonders of the World?
If you read the online editions of newspapers and magazines, you’ll know that Internet
publications frequently compile top lists ‘The 10 funniest films this year’ or ‘The 20 best sports ears ever’
are lust a couple of examples that can be found. However, list writing is not a modem phenomenon. The
Ancient Greeks started the fashion with a list that has remained popular for centuries: the Seven Wonders
of the World. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the statue of Zeus, Artemis sanctuary, the Mausoleum
of King Mausolos, the Colossus of Rhodes, the Lighthouse of Alexandria and the Great Pyramid of Giza
were all proclaimed to be the best constructions in the world by Greek scholars. But what criteria did
they use to decide what was a wonder and what wasn’t?
In the first place, the Greeks didn’t use the word ‘wonders’, but talked about ‘things to be seen’.
As the seven monuments were all situated around the Mediterranean Sea, the list was a kind of guide for
Greek tourists, possibly the world’s first tourists. Furthermore, it wasn’t impartial, as five of the wonders
were built by the Greeks themselves and the list is really a celebration of Greek building techniques.
Although the Greeks wouldn’t have known about them, other monuments such as the Great Wall of China
or the Mayan Temples in Guatemala existed at the time, and would have been contenders for a place on
the list. Not surprisingly then, a lot of other lists have been made throughout history as mankind has
continued to create spectacular constructions all over the world.
The most recent example took place in 2007 when an organization called the New7Wonders
Foundation set up an internet poll to compile a new list. However, the organizers started badly by not
9
including the only ancient wonder still in existence, the 4500-year-old Great Pyramid. This omission
immediately met with worldwide disapproval. It was considered a serious error to exclude a construction
of such historical importance. The organizers quickly tried to correct their mistake by giving the pyramid
special status. However, further controversy arose when it was discovered that multiple votes could be
made by participants. Some countries quickly organized massive campaigns to get their monuments voted
for. They sent thousands of text messages to their citizens encouraging them to take part in the poll as
often as they wanted. When the results were finally announced at a spectacular ceremony in Lisbon, some
observers felt that the event had been turned into a giant publicity stunt for tourism. But was it really so
different from the idea behind the Ancient Greeks’ list?
Thanks to the internet, campaigns to categorize monuments, historical artefacts and places of
natural beauty will continue. And although such activities are often seen as just entertainment, they do
raise our awareness of the need to protect and preserve monuments. However, if people really want to do
something to protect our heritage, they need to contact organizations such as UNESCO (The United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). They take the job of looking after the world’s
famous monuments very seriously.

Task 1. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. The list written by the Ancient Greeks were quickly forgotten. ___F_____
2. The Ancient Greeks used the list to recommend great places to visit. ___T_____
3. The Mayan Temples weren’t built in time to be included in the original Seven Wonders of the
World. ____F____
4. The monuments and buildings on the new list were announced in Portugal. ___T_____
5. The internet will encourage the making of more lists in the future. ___T_____

Task 2. Read the text again, then choose the best answers.
1. The making of top lists ___________.
A. started with the internet B. has been popular for years
C. has only happened recently D. is only done by Greek historians
2. The original Seven Wonders of the World ___________.
A. were in Greece B. included constructions in China and Guatemala
C. had all been built by Greeks D. were chosen by Greek experts
3. The Greeks wrote the original list ___________.
A. to express admiration for their own culture
B. as part of the world’s first tourist guide
C. as a guide for builders
D. as a response to lists in other countries
4. The New7Wonders Foundation annoyed people because they ___________.
A. only allow people to vote once
B. organized a publicity stunt in Lisbon
C. didn’t include the Great Pyramid in their list
D. sent text messages asking people to vote
5. The list made by the New7Wonders Foundation ___________.
A. was compiled by experts
B. showed the votes for the best ancient wonder
C. only showed the results of voting in Lisbon
D. recorded votes by people using modem technology
6. UNESCO is an example of an organization that ___________.
A. organizes internet campaigns to complete popularity lists
B. works to protect places of cultural interests
C. specializes in entertainment
D. builds interesting monuments
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Task 3. Match the words in bold in the text with these definitions.
1. A study in which people are asked for their opinions about something ___poll ____
2. People that compete with other people to try and win something ___contenders ____
3. Made known publicly ___proclaimed ____
4. Traditions, language, and customs that exist from the past and have historical importance for a
country ___heritage__
5. To divide people or things into groups __categorize ____
6. A lot of discussion and disagreement about something __controversy ____
7. A feeling that something is bad or wrong ___disapproval ___
8. To collect information from different places and arrange it in a list, report, etc. ___compile___
9. Something that has not been included __omission ____
10. A place where people are protected from harm or danger __sanctuary ___
11. Not supporting one person or group, but supporting both sides ___impartial ____
12. An action that is done to get attention ___publicity stunt ____

6E. Speaking
● Everyday English
I. Choose the correct response. Then practise the short exchanges in pairs.
1. A: Why don’t we visit Trang An Scenic
Landscape Complex?
2. A: Why is the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty
unique?
3. A: Shall we give a presentation about Taj B: a/ Right. It’s a World Heritage Site.
Mahal?
4. A: Why do so many people want to
explore Son Doong Cave?
5. A: Why is the Japanese Bridge in Hoi An
very well-known?
6. A: How about visiting the Thang Long
Imperial Citadel when we stay there?
7. A: What’s the icon of Ha Long Bay?
8. A: Let’s go to Hue Imperial Citadel.
9. A: Have you ever visited Hoi An Ancient
Town?
10. A: Which is a natural wonder of the
world between the USA and Canada?
B: a/ Good. We can enjoy many monuments
b/ Great. It’s ‘Ha Long Bay on Land’.
B: a/ Because the Citadel became empty a long time ago.
b/ Because it’s the only stone citadel in Southeast Asia.
b/ Not really. It’s a long distance from us.
B: a/ It belongs to a national park.
b/ It’s the largest grotto in the world.
B: a/ You can admire the original architecture.
b/ It requires repairing and restoration.
B: a/ Good. There are many souvenirs to buy.
b/ Yes. I’d like to see the stone dragons.
B: a/ It’s Fighting Cock Island.
b/ It’s famous for thousands of rocks.
B: a/ Great. We can see the royal tombs there.
b/ We can learn its history and traditions.
B: a/ Yes. We came to some ancient homes.
b/ Shall we go to My Son Sanctuary then?
B: a/ It’s Niagara Falls.
b/ You can enjoy many beautiful landscapes.

● Preserving cultural heritage

II. Match the ways to preserve heritage sites to their reasons.
Although the preservation of heritage sites seems challenging, there are plenty of things that individuals
and organisations can do to help.
1. Partner _____C. The World Heritage Center in each country works with many
organisations, companies and non-profit organisations.______
Everyone can become a UNESCO partner and get involved in conservation activities, world heritage
promotion.
2. Volunteering ____E. UNESCO accepts students with no experience to perform a wide
range of activities._____
Join the UNESCO volunteering programmes.
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3. Travel ___B. Contribute to the local economy and draw attention to the needs of
repair and renovation._____
Practise sustainable tourism by respecting local culture and customs and not damaging sites or littering
when visiting.
4. Spread awareness ____A. Social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter have a large
number of followers._____
We can help to preserve cultural heritage by sharing news and links about the importance of the
preservation.
5. Donate _____D. Donations are the most direct way to support UNESCO and its
projects._____
Donate to the international and national organisations that carry out projects to preserve cultural heritage.
A. Social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter have a large number of followers.
B. Contribute to the local economy and draw attention to the needs of repair and renovation.
C. The World Heritage Center in each country works with many organisations, companies and
non-profit organisations.
D. Donations are the most direct way to support UNESCO and its projects.
E. UNESCO accepts students with no experience to perform a wide range of activities.

III. Complete the dialogue with the phrases below. There is one extra that you do not need.
A. urbanization, modernization, and international integration
B. the pedestrian zone around
C. the responsibility of the government but of the entire society as well
D. a detailed master plan
E. full of antique brick houses
F. well-preserved, maintained and promoted
G. a new tourist attraction of Ha Noi
H. maintaining lifestyle, business practices
Nick: As you know, Ha Noi finds ways to preserve the Old Quarter, and our group is going to give the
presentation about the plan.
Phong: I think Ha Noi’s Old Quarter in Hoan Kiem District should be 1 ____F. well-preserved,
maintained and promoted_____ on a sustainable basis.
Mai: I agree with you. We should maintain annual traditional festivals associated with historical and
cultural relics.
Linda: In my opinion, it is a unique, diverse and lively architectural complex featured by old- styled
narrow streets 2 ___E. full of antique brick houses______.
Nick: The management unit called for investment to support the expansion of 3 ____B. the pedestrian
zone around_____ Hoan Kiem Lake.
Mai: By this way, the zone has become 4 ____G. a new tourist attraction of Ha Noi_____, which has
attracted both domestic and foreign visitors.
Phong: How about its traditional festivals? Traditional festivals in the Old Quarter should adapt to
changes due to challenges of 5 ____A. urbanization, modernization, and international integration_____.
Linda: You’re right. People living in this quarter have difficulty in 6 ____H. maintaining lifestyle,
business practices____ and active participation in community activities.
Mai: And it is important to have 7 ___D. a detailed master plan_____ to promote the image of the Old
Quarter.
Nick: The plan will create more spaces for cultural activities, restore and renovate certain streets with old,
narrow buildings.

● Describing a trip to a heritage site

IV. Complete the conversation about a trip to My Son Sanctuary, using the sentences (A-F) given.
There is one extra sentence that you do not need.
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 A. He helps us learn about the history, architectural styles and cultural significance of the temples.
B. On arriving at the My Son area, we will take a short 500m walk through lush hillsides, trees
and brush, before entering the main site.
C. It still represents one of the most outstanding Hindu temple complexes in Southeast Asia.
D. And with his help, we know which Hindu gods memorialized at My Son.
E. Well, let’s go to My Son Sanctuary, located 50 kilometres southwest of Hoi An.
F. Some 20 remains out of more than 70 temples that once spread out over the beautiful valley;
several are well-preserved while others are in ruins, some damaged during the war.
Nick: We’ve just had an awesome trip around Hoi An. What would you recommend doing next, Phong?
Phong: 1 ___E. Well, let’s go to My Son Sanctuary, located 50 kilometres southwest of Hoi An.______
Nick: Oh, it’s also the other UNECO Heritage Site in Quang Nam Province. Can you tell me the cultural
values of the site?
Phong: From the 4th to the 13th centuries, the Champa Kingdom flourished on the coast of Viet Nam with
My Son as its religious and intellectual center. 2 ___C. It still represents one of the most outstanding
Hindu temple complexes in Southeast Asia._____
Nick: I see. What can we see there?
Phong: 3 ___F. Some 20 remains out of more than 70 temples that once spread out over the beautiful
valley; several are well-preserved while others are in ruins, some damaged during the war._______
Nick: Wouldn’t it be better to have a tour guide go with us?
Phong: Good idea! 4 ___A. He helps us learn about the history, architectural styles and cultural
significance of the temples.____
Nick: Why don’t we ask him also to explain the influence of India and Hinduism on the Champa people?
Phong: Sure. 5 ___D. And with his help, we know which Hindu gods memorialized at My Son._____

● Asking for and giving directions

V. Put the expressions into the correct categories.
 Keep going straight ahead you will see it on the right.
 Turn left when you pass the phone shop.
 How do I get to the library?
 Turn right at the second turning,
 Where is the nearest post office?
 Is there a convenience store near here?
 Take the second road on the left,
 Do you know where the shopping centre is?
 Go straight ahead for another mile,
 What’s the best way to get to the theme park from here?
 Can you tell me the way to the station?
Asking for directions
How do I get to the library?
Where is the nearest post office?
Is there a convenience store near here?
Do you know where the shopping centre is?
What’s the best way to get to the theme park from here?
Can you tell me the way to the station?
Giving directions
Keep going straight ahead you will see it on the right.
Turn left when you pass the phone shop.
Turn right at the second turning.
Go straight ahead for another mile.
Take the second road on the left.

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VI. Read the following short exchanges. Then underline the expressions asking for directions, and
circle the expressions giving directions.
1. A: Excuse me. Is there a bank around here?
B: Yes, there is one right across the street next to the library.
2. A: Can you give me the directions to the gas station?
B: Of course, I will. Just follow this road until you come to the main road. Turn right and then
continue for about 100 metres. You will see the gas station on the left.
3. A: Is there a supermarket near here?
B: Yes, there is one on Orange Street. Orange Street is the third road on your right.
4. A: Excuse me, where is the high school?
B: It is across the police station.
5. A: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the nearest bank is, please?
B: Walk two blocks and turn left at the bookstore. The bank will be across the street, next to the
post office.
A: Thank you so much.
B: You’re welcome.

VII. Complete the sentences giving directions with the words given below.
at past straight take
second go on
1. Go ______straight _________ ahead.
2. _____Go ________ past the traffic lights.
3. It’s the building next to the library ______on________ the left.
4. ______At _______ the roundabout, turn left.
5. Then ____take ________ the first left on to Green Street.
6. Go ____past _____ the traffic lights, and take the ____second ______ right on to King’s Road.

6F. Writing
● A leaflet about ways to preserve heritage sites
Write sentences about ways to preserve heritage sites, using the words given.
Problems and Solutions
0. Development activities and construction harm the heritage site.
1. company / ordered / unload the illegal construction / return / landscape / its original form
1. The company is ordered to unload the illegal construction and return the landscape to its
original form.
2. authorities / raise people’s awareness / protecting / heritage
2. The authorities should raise people’s awareness of protecting the heritage.
3. local people / oppose / any illegal construction / sites
3. Local people should oppose any illegal construction in the sites.
4. fine / not strong enough / discourage / illegal construction projects / seriously harm heritage sites
4. The fine is not strong enough to discourage illegal construction projects that seriously harm
heritage sites.
5. any cases involving violations / be dealt / stronger punishment / preserve heritage sites / their original
conditions
5. Any cases involving violations will be dealt with stronger punishment to preserve heritage sites
to their original conditions.

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