CLOTHING

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TOPICS
01 BASIC PRINCIPLES IN SEWING

02 HISTORY OF SEWING

03 SEWING OF HOUSEHOLD LINENS

04 SEWING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS

05 DEMONSTRATE SEWING SKILLS

 01 BASIC PRINCIPLES IN SEWING

Sewing has been an essential skill throughout human

history, as a means of creating clothing, shelter, and
various other necessities. It has come a long way since
its inception, and the evolution of sewing techniques,
tools, and machinery has had a significant impact on
society. In this article, we will explore the fascinating
journey of sewing, from primitive hand stitching to
highly advanced modern sewing machines.
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 01 BASIC PRINCIPLES IN SEWING

Sewing, a hobby involving crafts like quilting and

embroidery, is gaining popularity due to DIY
movement and online platforms. Affordable sewing
machines and home businesses cater to unique,
personalized, and eco-friendly products.

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02 HISTORY OF SEWING

CLOTHING
 HAND SEWING

oHand Sewing History and Innovations

o• Originated from Stone Age with ancient Egyptians
mastering intricate embroidery.
o• Middle Ages saw high value for sewing skills, leading to
guilds.
o• Innovations in needle and thread manufacturing
improved craft efficiency and quality.
o• Tailors and seamstresses earned decent income.
THE INVENTION OF SEWING MACHINE

Mid-19th Century Sewing Machine Revolution

• Invention by Elias Howe revolutionized textile industry.
• Enabled mass production of clothing, making it affordable and
accessible.
• Increased production capacity facilitated experimentation with new
designs, materials, and styles.
• Rapid growth in fashion industry, enabling mass-produced clothing
and seasonal collections.
• Rapid trend change and rise of influential designers transformed
fashion from luxury to commonplace experience.
 THE RISE OF COMPUTERIZED SEWING
MACHINES

Advanced Technology in Sewing Machines

• Incorporates computerized systems for efficiency
and precision.
• Offers wide stitch options, automatic needle
threading, and embroidery capabilities.
• Comprehensive guide for best-selling computerized
sewing machines.
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03 SEWING OF
HOUSEHOLD LINENS

CLOTHING
 TYPES OF HOUSEHOLD LINENS

CURTAIN AND BATHROOM KITCHEN

BED LINEN
DRAPES LINEN LINEN
Hang from curtain Laid above the Examples are Bath Examples are dish
rods extend to the mattress of a bed for Mat, Bath Towel and cloth, hand towels,
window or doors. hygiene Face towel oven gloves,
Drapes are made from potholder, apron
thicker fabrics to block
more light
 TYPES OF HOUSEHOLD LINENS

SKIRTING
TABLE LINEN PLACEMAT TABLE NAPKIN
CLOTH

Small poece that is ecorative way to hide

used to wipe the table legs and clutter
Use to protect tables Use as an individual mouth and to cover in a home or during a
place setting the lap to protect special event.
clothing
THREADS USED FOR HOUSEHOLD LINENS

COTTON THREAD SEAMS HEMS

o is compatible with fabric o a line along which two o can be done by machine
made from yarn of plant pieces of fabric are sewn topstitching, rolled hems
origin, such as cotton and together in a garment or (in the finer weights of
linen, and rayon (made from other article. linen), or by hand
a plant substance), because it
has similar shrinkage
characteristics. It is not
suitable for most synthetics,
which do not shrink, or for
fabrics…
 TYPES OF SEAMS
MEDIUM
STANDARD FELLED FRENCH SEAMS
LENGTH
STRAIGHT SEAMS SEAMS FINISHES
STITCHES

The standard seam The standard A felled seam is a

allowance for stitch length for flat-fell seam, This seam finishing Seam finish
sewing apparel is seaming garments enclosing raw technique involves secures raw edges
5/8", while 3/8" is on medium- edges and enclosing the raw of plain seams to
common in weight fabric is protecting them edge of the inside prevent raveling,
various sewing 2.5mm, while a from fraying, piece with an extra while mass-
circles, so it's shorter 2mm achieved by row of stitching, produced clothing
essential to check stitch length is stitching the fold resulting in a more trims seam
your pattern or recommended for down and durable seam. allowances with
tutorial before very fine or fraying securing it with a overlock stitch,
starting. fabrics. top stitch. while linen ravels
require a 3-thread
balanced serger
stitch or zigzag.

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 04 SEWING TOOLS
AND EQUIPMENT

CLOTHING

Presentation
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 DRESSMAKING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
Importance of sewing tools and equipment in
dressmaking/tailoring.
o• Help avoid stress and minimize mistakes.
o• Provides knowledge, attitude, values, and skills in
dressmaking.
o• Reduces effort required for job completion without
causing damage.
o• Essential for successful sewing, proper use, and care.

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 DRESSMAKING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
Sewing Tools Overview
• Non-electrical tools used manually or by hand.
• Essential for the construction of high-quality, attractive
garments.
• Requires electricity, like sewing machines.
• Sewing Kit- a small package containing necessary items like
threads, pins, and needles.

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 CLASSIFICATION OF SEWING TOOLS AND
MATERIALS MEASURING TOOLS

oMeasuring tools
oCutting tools
oMarking tools
oPinning and sewing tools
oDrafting tools
oPressing tools

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 MEASURING TOOLS
Measuring tools are essential tools for obtaining quantities, dimensions, and forces of
real-world objects, as well as determining distances on specific materials or objects.

TAPE SEWING
RULER YARDSTICK
MEASURE GAUGE
It is also known as It is a small ruler with a This is the most It is used for general
tapeline. It is made of sliding guide and is common measuring marking and for
stretchable strips used about six inches long, device usually 12 measuring fabric
in taking body used to measure small inches long. It is used grainlines when laying
measurements. It hem areas and short for general marking. It out the pattern. This is
measures 150 distances like hem aids in connecting a one-meter-long
centimeters on the folds, pleats, seam lines. wooden stick and is
front side and 60 allowance, buttonholes, used to measure fabric
inches on the other and tucks. 19
length by yard or
side. meter.
 CUTTING TOOLS

BUTTONHOLE
SHEARS TRIMMING SCISSORS SEAM RIPPER
SCISSORS

EMNROIDERY ROTARY CUTTER AND

THREAD CLIPPER
SCISSOR MAT
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oShears are tools used for cutting fabric, paper, and other
materials. They come in different types, such as straight,
pinking, and scalloping shears.
oTrimming scissors are used for trimming, clipping threads, and
snipping slashes.
oButtonhole scissors are used for making buttonholes.
oSeam ripper tools are used for cutting stitches.
oEmbroidery scissors are sharp pointed scissors for delicate cloth
and thread.
oThread clippers allows for the snipping of threads
oRotary cutters and mats it works like a pizza cutter.
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 MARKING TOOLS

TAILOR’S CHALK TRACING WHEEL

DRESSMAKER’S
CHALK PENCILS LIQUID MARKING PEN WAX CHALK
CARBON PAPER
 MARKING TOOLS
• Marking tools are required for transferring pattern markings to
garment fabric pieces and for making alterations to garments.
o Tailor’s chalk –essential as a marker
o Tracing Wheel –with a serrated edge wheel that produces dots on fabric, a
smooth one creates a straight solid line
o Dressmaker’s Carbon paper –specially waxed carbon paper that transfers the
tracing wheel’s markings
o Chalk Pencils – used to make fine lines on fabric
o Liquid marking pen- two types: the one that washes out and the other fades after
24 hrs
o Wax chalk –used for woolen fabrics

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 PINNING AND SEWING TOOLS
• Pinning tools are devices used to fasten or designed to pierce the
fabrics or any materials or to join two or more garment parts
temporarily while doing a sewing operation.
o1. Pin cushion used to hold pins and needles to prevent them from
accidents and scattering in the workplace.
o2. Hand Needle used for temporary stitches, hemming, and other
sewing purposes. Sizes are 7 to 10
o3. Sewing Needle Threader This is a diamond-shaped wire attached
to a handle and wire used to insert the thread through the needle eye.
It consists of two parts; the handle and the wire.
o4. Thimble This is a small cup placed on the tip of the middle finger
to protect it from being pricked by the needle while sewing. It is made
of metal or plastic.
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 PINNING AND SEWING TOOLS

SEWING
PIN CUSHION HAND NEEDLE THIMBLE NEEDLE
THREADER

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 SEWING MATERIALS

o Fabric It is the cloth used in making garments. Plain cotton fabrics,

flour sacks, or catchas are the most appropriate materials for
beginners because these are very easy to handle.
o Threads It is used in assembling or constructing the parts of the
garment. These vary in size and color. Heavy fabrics need stronger
threads. Threads should have the same color as the fabric used.

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 DRAFTING TOOLS
USED FOR MAKING PATTERNS
1. L – Square It is called Tailor Square, This is an aluminum ruler
with 90 degrees angle. It has two arms connected perpendicularly and
is used to draw or make construction lines in pattern drafting
2. Hip Curve It is a curve stick made of metal or wood calibrated on
both sides used to form the hipline and other areas of garments that
need to be curved.
3. French Curve It is an instrument made of flat metal, plastic, or
wood used to shape the depth of the neck holes, armholes, and collar.
4. Drafting Table This is a wooden table used to draft the pattern
paper laid on a smooth and firm surface.

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 DRAFTING TOOLS

FRENCH DRAFTING
L-SQUARE HIP CURVE
CURVE TABLE
TAILOR SQUARE

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 PRESSING TOOLS
THESE ARE TOOLS USED TO MAKE THE FABRICS OR MATERIALS SMOOTH, TO GIVE A
FORM OR SHAPE, AND TO REMOVE CREASES OR WRINKLES WITH THE APPLICATION OF
HEAT, MOISTURE, AND PRESSURE.

•Flat Iron used to press clothes to remove wrinkles, flatten seams, and
crease hems.
•Ironing Board used as a working surface for ironing.
•Pressing Cloth The pieces of fabric used to protect the items or
garments while pressing.
•Sleeve Board It is a small ironing board used for pressing narrow
areas such as sleeves and trouser legs.
•Pressing Ham It is a tightly stuffed pillow used in a curved mold
when pressing curved areas of the garments such as sleeves collars,
necklines, darts, etc.
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LAYING OUT, CUTTING
AND MARKING
• Linen fabrics are best cut following pattern
instructions, with thinner lines easier with a rotary
cutter.
• Marking pencils and tracing paper are used for
pattern details, but test on fabric before use.
• Tailor tacking is accurate but time-consuming.
• Linen is easy to handle at the sewing machine, but
follow guiding rules. Any basic thread is suitable.

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 Practice
Hand-sewing
PROJECT PROJECT
 STEPS IN
HAND-SEWN

PROJECT POTHOLDER POTHOLDER

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 STEPS IN
HAND-SEWN

PROJECT APRON
APRON
DIY Apron Materials
1. one yard of thick(ish) fabric
2. scissors
3. thread that matches fabric
4. pencil or tailor’s chalk
5. cloth tape measure
6. sewing machine
How to Make an Apron
There are still plenty of steps to go through before you pull out your sewing
machine.
The first of those steps is to pick out the fabric you want to use and a length of
additional fabric to use as a template.
Best Fabric to Use for Apron
Cotton is perhaps the most popular choice to make your apron. It’s thin,
comfortable, stretchy, breathable, and super easy to maintain and wash.
When you’re working around an open flame, then you also need to consider using
fabric that is more heat resistant and provides better protection. People often turn
to denim or linen in such instances.
Leather or at least leather-lined aprons are pretty popular, too. They’re waterproof
and way more resistant to heat and open flames. They will also age pretty well
and last for a longer time.

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Step 1
Once you’ve picked out the template fabric,
a. lay it out on your work surface. You’ll be making and marking the
measurements for this apron on a different fabric and using that as
a template.
b. grab a fabric pen or some tailor’s chalk and mark the appropriate
measurements for your apron directly on the material. A tape
measure can be used to help you figure out the size and
measurements.
c. When you have marked the measurements, use a ruler to connect
all the markings to form the outline for your apron. This particular
apron is approximately 25” x 4” x 9”.

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Step 2
a. Grab a pair of scissors and cut out the fabric along the
markings you made.
b. Alternatively, you can make your template newspaper and
use that to guide you.

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 Step 3
a. Take your main fabric and fold it in half, with the right
sides facing inward.
b. Place your fabric or newspaper template over the main
fabric, as you can see here.

Just remember to make sure that the edges of both are

properly aligned before you proceed. You can use a few
sewing pins to secure the fabric and the template together
and to hold both in place while you’re working.

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 Step 4
a. Grab a marker or a bit of tailor’s chalk and trace an outline
of the template on the main fabric.
b. You will also need to give room for the seam allowance.
So, draw a second outline about an inch away from the
one you just drew, and that will be your seam allowance of
one inch.
c. Grab a pair of scissors and cut the fabric along the outer
outline you drew.

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 Step 5
a. Once you have cut the fabric, you can remove all the pins and set
the fabric template aside to work on your apron.
b. Open the folded fabric out and smoothen it over your work surface
with the right side still facing down. You should be able to see the
markings you made earlier, as well as the seam allowance.
Step 6
a. Take your template once again and pin it in place on the opposite
side—the one without the outlines.
b. go ahead and outline, as well as an inch-wide seam allowance to
mirror the other side of the fabric.

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 Step 7 It’s now time to fold or roll the hem of your fabric.

a. Grab the ends and fold it over to align it with the inner
outline, as you see below.
b. you will need to use sewing pins to secure the fabric while
you fold the hem around the apron. You can also iron the
hem to press it—and keep it—in place.
c. if you turn the fabric over, you will notice that the shape of
your apron is coming together quite nicely. But there’s still
one more thing you need to do before you start sewing.

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 Step 8 It’s time to make the straps for your pretty apron.
a. Grab your cotton ribbon—or whatever you plan to use to
make your straps—and cut out four strips, each
approximately 30 inches long. You can always adjust the
length to your specifications.
b. Next, you will need to secure the edges of these strips.
First, fold the ends inward twice.
c. then, just grab a sewing pin and secure the strap to the
apron to hold it in place.
d. repeat this step with all four straps—two around the neck,
and two on either side, as indicated.
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Step 9 It’s finally time to start sewing your apron.

a. Go ahead and pull out your sewing techniques and just sew
along the hem. Make sure you remove the sewing pins as you
sew around the fabric.
b. Just sew over the straps to attach them to the apron when
you get to the straps. You can go back for another round of
sewing if you want the straps to be extra secure.

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