Question Answer

What occurs readily in Reoviruses? Genetic reassortment.

What is the major cause of infantile diarrhea? Rotaviruses.

What is the genome structure of reoviruses? Double-stranded RNA, linear, segmented (10-12 segments); total genome size 16-27 kbp.

How many structural proteins do reoviruses Nine.

have?

Where does the replication of reoviruses Cytoplasm; virions not completely uncoated.
occur?

What is the composition of the reovirus Icosahedral, with a double 5-fold shell.
capsid?

What are the reoviruses of humans that have Rotaviruses.

a distinctive wheel-shaped appearance?

What disease do rotaviruses cause? Gastroenteritis.

Which genus includes the Colorado tick fever Coltivirus.

virus that infects humans?

What is the distinctive appearance of Wheel-shaped.

rotaviruses?

What type of virus is the Colorado tick fever Coltivirus.

virus?

What is the genome structure of reoviruses? Linear, double-stranded, segmented RNA with 10-12 segments, totaling 18-30 kbp in size.

Where does replication occur for reoviruses? In the cytoplasm.

What readily occurs in reovirus genome Genome segment reassortment.

segments?

What is the size range of reoviruses? Medium-sized (60-80 nm).

Are reoviruses ether-resistant? Yes, they are ether-resistant.

Do reoviruses have an envelope? No, they are non-enveloped viruses.

What type of symmetry do reoviruses have? Icosahedral symmetry.

How many protein shells do reovirus particles Two or three protein shells.
have?

What extends from the virion surface of Short spikes.

reoviruses?

What is the size range of caliciviruses virion? 27-40 nm in diameter with cup-like depressions on capsid surface.

What is the genome type of caliciviruses? Single-stranded RNA, linear, positive-sense, nonsegmented; 7.4-8.3 kb in size; contains polyprotein.

Does caliciviruses have an envelope? No, it does not have an envelope.

Where does the replication of caliciviruses In the cytoplasm.

occur?

What are the outstanding characteristics of They are a major cause of nonbacterial epidemic gastroenteritis, and human viruses are
noroviruses? noncultivable.

What type of protein is the capsid of A single protein.

caliciviruses composed of?

What type of protein are cleaved from a Polypeptides.

precursor in caliciviruses?

What are important human pathogens in the Norovirus (e.g., Norwalk virus).
Caliciviruses family?

What is the cause of epidemic Norovirus.

gastroenteritis?

How do caliciviruses compare to Slightly larger (27-40 nm).

Question Answer

picornaviruses in size?

What is the structure of calicivirus particles? They appear to have cup-shaped depressions on their surfaces.

What is the genome type of caliciviruses? Single-stranded, positive-sense RNA, 7.3-8.3 kb in size.

Does the calicivirus virion have an envelope? No, it has no envelope.

Are there known animal reservoirs for human No, there are no known animal reservoirs for human enteroviruses.
enteroviruses?

What are the two types of polio vaccines Both killed-virus and live-virus polio vaccines.
mentioned?

What efforts are underway to eradicate Both killed-virus and live-virus polio vaccines.
poliovirus from the world?

What disease is caused by an unrelated Foot-and-mouth disease.

picornavirus classified in the Aphthovirus
genus?

How are rhinoviruses transmitted? By virus-contaminated respiratory secretions, with hand contamination as an important mode of
spread.

What is an important mode of spread for Hand contamination.

rhinoviruses?

What is far more common than disease with Subclinical infection.

enteroviruses?

How are enteroviruses commonly Through subclinical infection.

transmitted?

What diseases can be caused by Paralysis, aseptic meningitis, pleurodynia, myocarditis, hepatitis, skin lesions, respiratory illnesses,
Picornaviridae viruses? diarrhea, fevers, common colds, conjunctivitis, and severe disease of infants.

What is the common cold caused by? Rhinoviruses, which belong to Picornaviridae.

How are enteroviruses usually spread? Through fecal contamination, involving sources such as water, food, hands, and utensils.

What are the groups of picornaviruses that Enteroviruses (polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, parechoviruses and rhinoviruses) and
infect humans? hepatovirus (hepatitis A).

What are the groups of picornaviruses that Foot-and-mouth disease of cattle.

infect animals?

What is the genetic complexity of One of the smallest.

picornaviruses?

Where are enteroviruses transient inhabitants Alimentary tract and may be isolated from the throat or lower intestine.
in the human body?

Where are rhinoviruses associated with in the Respiratory tract and isolated chiefly from the nose and throat.
human body?

What are some less common picornaviruses Hepatitis A virus, parechovirus, cardiovirus, and Aichi virus.
associated with human illness?

What other diseases are associated with Animal, plant, and insect diseases.
several genera of picornaviruses?

What are some examples of viruses in the Enterovirus and rhinovirus types.
Picornaviridae family that infect humans?

What kind of illnesses can be caused by Illnesses ranging from poliomyelitis to aseptic meningitis to the common cold.
viruses in the Picornaviridae family?

What types of organisms can be infected by Humans and lower animals.

viruses in the Picornaviridae family?

What is the diameter of a Picornaviridae 28-30 nm.

virion?
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What is the composition of a Picornaviridae RNA (30%) and protein (70%).

virion?

What is the size of the Picornaviridae 7.2-8.4 kb.

genome?

What is the molecular weight of the 2.5 million.

Picornaviridae genome?

Where does the replication of Picornaviridae Cytoplasm.

occur?

What are the major antibody-binding sites on Surface capsid proteins VP1 and VP3.
Picornaviridae virion?

What is the role of VP4 in Picornaviridae? It is an internal protein.

Does Picornaviridae have an envelope? No.

What is the size of the Picornaviridae Not specified.

genome linked protein (VPg)?

What is the size of Picornaviridae? Small (28-30 nm).

What type of symmetry do Picornaviridae Cubic symmetry.

exhibit?

What is the nature of the RNA genome of Single stranded and positive sense.
Picornaviridae?

What are the two major groups of human Enteroviruses and rhinoviruses.
pathogens within Picornaviridae?

Where are enteroviruses transient inhabitants Alimentary tract, throat, or lower intestine.
in the human body?

From where are rhinoviruses chiefly isolated? Nose and throat.

Name some less common picornaviruses Hepatitis A virus, parechovirus, cardiovirus, and Aichi virus.
associated with human illness.

Apart from human illness, with what other Animal, plant, and insect diseases.
diseases are several genera of
picornaviruses associated?

What type of viruses does this lecture focus Non-enveloped RNA viruses.
on?

What is the medical relevance of the viruses They are medically relevant.
discussed in this lecture?

What is the outermost covering of enveloped Glycoproteins, lipids, and proteins.

viruses made up of?

Give an example of an enveloped virus. Influenzavirus.

How virulent are non-enveloped viruses More virulent.

compared to enveloped viruses?

What is the outermost covering of Capsid.

non-enveloped viruses made up of?

Give an example of a non-enveloped virus. Adenovirus.

What type of genome do both enveloped and DNA or RNA genome.

non-enveloped viruses have?

Which type of virus is more stable, enveloped Enveloped virus.

or non-enveloped?

What type of protein is found in the envelope Envelope protein.

of enveloped viruses?
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What is the diameter range of Reoviridae 60-80 nm.

virions?

Which virus family causes gastroenteritis and Caliciviridae.

has a single-stranded RNA genome?

What disease is caused by Picornaviridae Polio and some colds.

and has examples like polio and hepatitis A?

What is the disease caused by Togaviridae? Rubella and encephalitis.

Which virus family is responsible for yellow Flaviviridae.

fever, dengue fever, and hepatitis C?

What is the disease caused by Filoviridae? Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers.

Which virus family causes influenza? Orthomyxoviridae.

What disease is caused by Rhabdoviridae? Rabies.

Which virus family is responsible for AIDS Retroviridae.

and human adult T-cell leukemia?

What are the shapes and relative sizes of Varies depending on the specific virus family.
animal viruses of families that infect
vertebrates?

What does the schematic diagram illustrate? The components of the complete virus particle (the virion).

What type of virus is represented by A in the Enveloped virus with icosahedral symmetry.
diagram?

Do all icosahedral viruses have envelopes? No, not all icosahedral viruses have envelopes.

What type of virus is represented by B in the Virus with helical symmetry.

diagram?

What are structural units in the context of Basic protein building blocks of the coat, usually a collection of more than one nonidentical protein
viruses? subunit.

How is a subunit defined in virology? A single folded viral polypeptide chain.

What is a virion? The complete virus particle.

What is an envelope in the context of A lipid-containing membrane that surrounds some virus particles, acquired during viral maturation by
viruses? a budding process through a cellular membrane.

How is the envelope acquired by virus During viral maturation by a budding process through a cellular membrane.
particles?

What are peplomers in the context of Virus-encoded glycoproteins exposed on the surface of the envelope.
viruses?

What is a nucleocapsid in the context of A protein-nucleic acid complex representing the packaged form of the viral genome, with
viruses? glycoproteins exposed on the surface of the envelope.

What are the projections called that are Glycoproteins.

exposed on the surface of the envelope?

What is a capsid? A protein shell or coat that encloses the nucleic acid genome.

What are capsomeres? Morphologic units seen in the electron microscope on the surface of icosahedral polypeptide viruses,
representing clusters of morphologic units that do not necessarily correspond to the chemically
defined structural unit.

What is a defective virus? A virus particle that is functionally deficient in some aspect of replication.

What is the genetic material found in viruses? RNA or DNA.

What encases the nucleic acid in a virus? A protein shell.

What is the term for the entire infectious unit Virion.

Question Answer

of a virus?

Where do viruses replicate? Only in living cells.

What is the role of viral nucleic acid in the To cause the cell to synthesize virus-specific macromolecules for viral progeny production.
infected host cell?

What is the environment in which viruses are Extracellular environment.

inert?