J.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, HIGHER SECONDARY - FIRST YEAR STUDY MATERIAL XI - COMPUTER SCIENCE PO eal eet ey KNOWLEDGE TRANSFORMATION PREPARED BY J. ILAKKIA M‘Sc., B.Ed., M.Phil. Computer Instructor Grade-I Govt. Hr. Sec. School V.Pagandai, Villupuram 605 501. Visit shttp://www.voutube.com// SKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, PROVERB ‘As Nelson Mandela says, “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” As Bill Gates says, “Don't compare yourself with anyone in this world... if you do so, you are insulting yourself.” * “CS KNOWLEDGE OPENER” Computer Science” for standard XI has been prepared| in accordance with the New Textbook released by (he Government of Tamil Nadu. * Each chapter consists of an Important Terms / Definition and Answers to the Textbook| Questions, which gives a summary of the concepts presented in the text in a simple and| lucid language. * It is hoped that this book in the present form_will satisfy all types of learners and help them| improve their learning potential, apart from mentally preparing them to face any type o} questions in the examinations. © This Study Material is prepared from Revised Edition Book. * Our aim is to make all the students who study this study material to score high marks in| theory. NOTE © This Study material is meant for educational purposes. © No part of this study material may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without permission, © Without our knowledge don’t publish this study material in any websites, YouTube channel, etc. Visit shttp://www.voutube.com// SKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, TOP TIPS TO SCORE GOOD MARKS IN YOUR BOARD E. I. ALWAYS FEEL POSITIVE:- | 6x2=12 a : el Questions PART III | Answer any Six Questions. Question No.33 Compulsory ee 6x3=18, PART —IV | Answer all the Questions OR Type 5x5=25 Questions TOTAL 70. PUBLIC PRACTICAL PATTERN Internal Marks 15 External Marks 15 TOTAL 30 shttp://www.voutube,com// SKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc, BE Phil. Computer Instructor Grade-1, GHSS ~ V.Pagan TABLE OF CONTENTS COMPUTER SCIENCE -I YEAR CHAPTER NO CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO UNIT I- FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER AND WORKING WITH A TYPICAL OPERATING SYSTEMS (WINDOWS) 1 INTORDUCTION TO COMPUTERS 6 2 NUMBERS SYSTEMS: i 3 COMPUTER ORGANISATION 24 4 THEORETICAL CONCEPTS OF OPERATING SYSTEM 29 5 WORKING WITH WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM 33 UNIT Il —- ALGORITHMIC PROBLEM SOLVING 6 SPECIFICATION AND ABSTRACTION 38 7 COMPOSITION AND DECOMPOSITION 42 8 ITERATION AND RECURSION) 50 UNIT Il —- INTRODUCTION TO C++ 9 ‘TRODUCTION TO.C#+ 57 10 FLOW OF CONTROL 65 i FUNCTIONS 74 12 ARRAYS AND STRUCTURES: 81 UNIT IV — OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING WITH C++ B INTRODUCTION TO OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING 90 TECHNIQUES 14 CLASSES AND OBJECTS 94 15 POLYMORPHISM 102 16 HERITANCE 108 UNIT V -COMPUTER ETHICS AND CYBER SECURITY 17 COMPUTER ETHICS AND CYBER SECURITY 116 18 TAMIL COMPUTING 120J.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, 1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS Choose the correct answer: (1 mark) 1. First generation computers used (a)Vacuum tubes (b) Transistors (c) Integrated circuits (d) Microprocessors 2. Name the volatile memory (a) ROM (b) PROM ()RAM (d) EPROM 3. Identify the output device (a) Keyboard (b) Memory (¢) Monitor (@) Mouse 4. Identify the input device (a) Printer b) Mouse (c) Plotter (d) Projector Output device is used for printing building plan, flex board, etc. (a) Thermal printer (b) Plotter (©) Dot matrix (d) inkjet printer 6. In ATM machines, which one of the following is used to (a) Touch Screen (b) speaker (©) Monitor (d) Printer 7. When a system restarts Which type of booting is used? (a) Warm booting (b) Cold booting (c) Touch boot (d) Real boot. 8. Expand POST (a) Post on self Test (b) Power on Software Test ¢) Power on Self Test (d) Power on Self Text 9. Which one of the following is the main memory? (a) ROM (b) RAM (©) Flash drive (d) Hard disk 10. Which generation of computer used IC’s? (a) First (b) Second () Third (@) Fourth Very Short Answers (2 mark) 1, What is a computer? ‘* A computer is an electronic device that processes the input according to the set of instructions provided| to it and gives the desired output ata very fast rate. 2, Distinguish between data and information, Data Tnformation Data is defined as an unprocessed collection | Information is a collection of facts from which of raw facts, suitable for communication, | conclusions may be drawn interpretation or processing. Example: 134, 16 ‘Kavitha’, ‘C’are data. Example: Kavitha is 16 years old. 3. What are the components of a CPU? The CPU has three components which are Control unit, Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) and Memory unit. 4, What is the function of an ALU? ‘* The ALU is a part of the CPU where various computing functions are performed on data. * The ALU performs arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and| logical operations. http://www. voutube.com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, 5, Write the functions of control unit. The control unit controls the flow of data between the CPU, memory and I/O devices. * Italso controls the entire operation of a computer. 6. What is the function of memory? ‘* The Memory Unit is of two types which are primary memory and secondary memory. ‘* The primary memory is used to temporarily store the programs and data ‘© The secondary memory is used to store the data permanently. 7. Differentiate Input and output unit. Input Unit Output Unit An Input unit is used to feed any form of data to | An Output Unit is any hardware component that the computer, which can be stored in the conveys information to users in an memory unit for further processing. understandable form Example: Keyboard, mouse Example: Monitor, Printer 8, Distinguish Primary and Secondary memory. Primary Memory ‘Secondary memory The Primary Memory is volatile, that is, the The Secondary memory is non-volatile, that is, content is lost when the power supply is the content is available even after the power switched off. supply is switched off. Example: Random Access Memory (RAM). Example: Hard disk, DVD ROM. ‘Short Answers (2 mark) 1, What are the characteristics of a computer? Computers have revolutionized our lives with their speed, accuracy, storage, reliability, versatility and] diligence performing a job, it is truly remarkable 2. Write the applications of computer. Computers are seen everywhere around us, in all spheres of life, in the field of education, research, travel and tourism, weather forecasting, social networking, e-commerce, Robotics . Nanotechnology, Bioengineering etc. 3. What is an input device? Give two examples. An input device is a hardware or peripheral device used to send data to a computer. An input device allows users to communicate and feed instructions and data to computers fot| processing, display, storage and/or transmission. * Example: Keyboard, mouse, Scanner, Track Ball, Light Pen. 4, Name any three output devices. An output device is any peripheral that receives data from a computer Monitor: Monitor is the most commonly used output device to display the information. It looks like a TV. Plotter: Plotter is an output device that is used to produce graphical output on papers. Printers: Printers are used to print the information on papers. Speakers: Using speaker along with speech synthesize software, the computer can provide voice output. Multimedia Projectors: Multimedia projectors are used to produce computer output on a big screen V http://www. voutube.com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, 5. Differentiate Optical mouse and Laser mouse (Out of Portion) 6. Write short note on impact printer An impact printer is a type of printer that works by direct contact of hammers or pins on ribbon. «These printers can print on multi-part (using carbon papers) by using mechanical pressure. + For example, Dot Matrix printers and Line matrix printers are impact printers. Dot Matrix printer: A Dot matrix printer that prints using a fixed number of pins or wires. Each dot is} produced by a tiny metal rod, also called a “wire” or “pin”. Line matrix printers: Line matrix printers use a fixed print head for printing. Basically, it prints a page- wide line of dots. But it builds up a line of text by printing lines of dots. 7. Write the characteristics of sixth generation. * Sixth Generation, computers could be defined as the era of intelligent computers, based on Artificial Neural Networks. ‘© The most dramatic changes in the sixth generation will be the explosive growth of Wide Area| Networking, Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a component of Artificial Intelligence (Al). ‘© Itprovides the ability to develop the computer program to understand human language. 8. Write the significant features of monitor. * Monitor is the most commonly used output device to display the information. It looks like a TV Pictures on a monitor are formed with picture elements called PIXELS. ‘* There are many types of monitors available'sueh as CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and LED (Light Emitting Diodes), + Monochrome which display text or images int Black aiid White or can be color, which display results| in multiple colors. ‘* The monitor works with the VGA (Video Graphics Array) card. The video graphics card helps the keyboard to communicate with the screen. Explain in detail (5 mark) 1, Explain the basic components of a computer with a neat diagram. ‘* The computer is the combination of hardware and software. © Hardware is the physical component of a computer like motherboard, memory devices, monitor, keyboard ete. ‘* Software is the set of programs or instructions. Both hardware and sofiware together make thel computer system to function. Every task given to a computer follows an Input- Process- Output Cycle} (IPO cycle). © Itneeds certain input, processes that input and produces the desired output Figure 1.3 components ofa computer http://www. voutube.com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, Input Unit © Input unit is used to feed any form of data to the computer, which can be stored in the memory unit for further processing. Example: Keyboard, mouse, ete. Central Processing Unit © CPU is the major component which interprets end executes software instructions. It also control the operation of all other components such as memory, input and output units. The CPU has three components which are Control unit, Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) andj Memory unit. Arithmetic and Logic Unit ‘The various computing functions are performed on data, ‘The ALU performs arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and| logical operations. ‘¢ The logical operations of ALU promote the decision-making ability of a computer. Control Unit The control unit controls the flow of data between the CPU, memory and I/O devices. It also controls| the entire operation of a computer. Output Unit An Output Unit is any hardware component that conveys information to users in an understandable| form. Example: Monitor, Printer ete. Memory Unit ‘* The Memory Unit is of two types which are-primary memory and secondary memory. The primary| memory is used to temporarily store thé programs and’data. ‘© The Primary Memory is volatile, that is, the Cofitent is lost when the power supply is switched off. The Random Access Memory (RAM) is an example of'a main memory. ‘© The secondary memory is used to store the data permanently © The Secondary memory is non- volatile, that is, the content is available even after the power supply} is switched off. Hard disk, CD-ROM and DVD ROM are examples of secondary memory. 2. Explain the following a. Inkjet Printer ‘* Inkjet Printers use color cartridges which combined Magenta, Yellow and Cyan inks to create color tones. * A black cartridge is also used for monochrome output. Inkjet printers work by spraying ionised ink| at a sheet of paper. The speed of Inkjet printers generally range from 1-20 PPM (Page Per Minute). An Inkjet printer can spread millions of dots of ink at the paper every single second. A tiny electric currents controlled by electronic circuits are used inside the printer to spread ink in jet speed b, Multimedia projector * Multimedia projectors are used to produce computer output on a big screen. These are used to display presentations in meeting halls or in classrooms. ©. Bar code * A Bar code is a pattern printed in lines of different thickness. The Bar code reader scans the| information on the bar codes transmits to the Computer for further processing, Visit shttp://www.voutube.com// SKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, The system gives fast and error free entry of information into the computer d. QR code Reader The QR code is the two dimension bar code which can be read by a camera and processed to] interpret the image. Discuss the various generations of computers. SN Generation Period Main Component used Merits/Demer First Generation 1940-195 6 Vacuum tubes Big in size Consumed more power Malfunction due to overheat Machine Language was used. Second Generation 1956-1964 Transistors © First operating system was developed ‘Smaller compared to First Generation Generated Less Heat Consumed less power compared to first generation Punched cards were used Batch Processing and Multiprogramming, Operating System Machine language as well as Assembly Janguage was used. Third Generation 1964-197 1 Integrated Circuits (IC) Computers were smaller, faster and more reliable Consumed less power High Level Languages were used Fourth Generation 1971-1980 Microprocessor Smaller and Faster Microcomputer series such as IBM and APPLE were developed Portable Computers were introduced. Fifth Generation 1980 date till Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) Parallel Processing Super conductors Computers size was drastivally reduced. Can recognise Images and Graphics Introduction of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems Able to solve high complex problems including decision making and logical reasoning, Sixth Generation In future ‘© Development of robotics © Natural Language Processing Parallel and Distributed computing Computers have become smarter, faster and smaller Development of Voice Recognition Software he zliwww.voutube,com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, 2. NUMBER SYSTEMS Choose the correct answer: (1 mark) 1. Which refers to the number of bits processed by a computer's CPU? A) Byte B) Nibble ©) Word length D)Bit 2. How many bytes does 1 Kilobyte contain? A) 1000 B)8 4 D) 1024 3. Expansion for ASCII A) American School Code for Information Interchange B) American Standard Code for Inform: Interchange C) Alll Standard Code for Information Interchange D) American Society Code for Information Interchange 4, 2°50 is referred as A) Kilo B) Tera © Peta D) Zetta 5. How many characters can be handled in Binary Coded Decimal System? A) 64 B) 255 ©) 256 D) 128 6. For 11012 what is the Hexadecimal equivalent? A)F B)E op D)B 7. What is the I’s complement of 00100110? A) 00100110 B) 11011001 C) 11010001 D) 00101001 8. Which amongst this is not an Octal number? A) 645 B) 234 ) 876 D) 123 Very Short Answers (2 mark) 1, What is data? The term data comes from the word datum, which means a raw fact. The data is a fact about people, places or some objects. 2, Write the 1’s complement procedure. Step 1: Convert given Decimal number into Binary Step 2: Check if the binary number contains 8 bits, if less add 0 at the left most bit, to make it as 8 bits. Step 3: Invert all bits (i.e. Change 1 as 0 and 0 as 1) 3. Convert (46) into Binary number 2 [46 LSB, 2 [23° -0 2) ae 1 2,5 -1 2 [2-1 MSB I___-0 (46)10 = (101110): http://www. voutube.com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, 4. We cannot find 1’s complement for (28)1o. State reason. Reason: We cannot find 1’s complement for (28)jo. Because it is a positive number. 1's complement} apply only with negative number. 5. List the encoding systems for characters in memory. There are several encoding systems used for computer. BCD — Binary Coded Decimal EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimel Interchange Code ASC! American Standard Code for Information InterchangeUnicode IScIL — Indian Standard Code for Information Interchange Short Answers (3 mark) 1, What is radix of a number system? Give example ‘* Each number system is uniquely identified by its base value or radix. ‘* Radix or base is the count of number of digits in each number system. ‘* Radix or base is the general idea behind positional numbering system. Example: Binary Number System - — Radix2 (1010). Octal Number System - — Radix8 (457) Decimal Number System - Radix 10°°-7(312)0 Hexadecimal Number System Radix 16 | -Q5F)ic 2, Write note on binary number system. There are only two digits in the Binary system, namely,0,and 1 ‘The numbers in the binary system are represénted:to the base 2 and the positional multipliers are the powers of 2. The left most bit in the binary number is called as the Most Significant it (MSD)and it has the largest positional weight. The right most bit is the Least Significant Bit (LSB) and has the smallest positional weight. . Convert (150)10 into Binary, then convert that Binary number to Octal ° o (150)10= (10010110): http://www. voutube.com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, Binary Number to Octal 10010110 =? 010 2 (10010110): = (226)s 010 110 2 6 4, Write short note on ISCIIT © SCI means Indian Standard Code for Information Interchange. Itis the system of handling the| character of Indian local languages © This as a 8-bit coding system. Therefore it can handle 256 (2") characters. ‘© The department of Electronics in India in the year 1986- 88 and recognized by Bureau of Indian| Standards (BIS). Add a) -2210+ 1510 N LSB MSB The Binary equivalent of 2210 = (10110) Binary equivalent of +22 = 10110 8 bit format 00010110. 1's complement 11101001 Add 1 bit = +1 2s complement —22 =~ 11101010 2 Lis si 2 7 -1 2[3_-1 MSsBOOT <1 The Binary equivalent of 1510 = (111): The binary addition of -22 and 15 2210 11101010 +1510 = 00001111 ho = ‘1111001 Tho =(11111001)2 http://www. voutube.com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, b) 2010+2510 2 |_20 2 [10 -oLsB 2 2 MSB The Binary equivalent of 200 = (10100): 2 2 2 2 MSB The Binary equivalent of 2510 = (11001) 8 bit format of 20,0 = 00010100 8 bit format of 2510 = 00011001 io = “ooroTi0r 450 = (00101101): Explain in detail (3 mark) 1. a) Write the procedure to convert fractional Decimal to Binary The method of repeated multiplication by 2 has to be used to convert such kind of decimal fractions. The| steps involved in the method of repeated multiplication by 2: Step 1: Multiply the decimal fraction by 2 and note the integer part. The integer part is either 0 or 1 Step 2: Discard the integer part of the previous product. Multiply the fractional part of the previous| product by 2. Repeat Step 1 until the same fraction repeats or terminates (0). Step 3: The resulting integer part forms a sequence of Os and Is that become the binary equivalent off decimal fraction. Step 4: The final answer is to be written from first integer part obtained till the last integer part obtained. b) Convert (98.46)10 to Binary i) Integer Part 2 [98 LSB 2 [49 -0 22 eae 2 2 -0 Ze nome 0) 2 -0 MSB 9810 = (1100010): http://www. voutube.com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, ii) Fraction Part 0.46 x2 =0.92 =0 0922 =184 =1 0.842 =1.68 =1 0.68 x2 = 1.36 0.36 x2 =0.72 0.72 * 2 =1.44 0.44 x2 =0.88 4610 = (0111010)2 (98.46)10 — (1100010. 0111010....)2 2. Find 1’s Complement and 2’s Complement for the following Decimal number a) -98 2 | 98 LSB 2 49 -0 2 [ma -1 2 q(T -o 2 Te -o 2 [37 -o MSB 1-1 The Binary equivalent of 9810 = (1100010): Binary equivalent of +98 = 1100010 8 bit format 01100010. 1's complement = 10011101 Add | bit = +1 2°s complement ~98 = 10011110 98 = (10011110): b) -135 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 MSB The Binary equivalent of 13510 = (1000111): Binary equivalent of +135 10000111 8 bit format = 10000111 1's complement = 01111000 Add 1 bit = + 2’scomplement-135 =~ OLITIO0L -135 = (01111001). shttp://www.voutube,com// SKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, 3. a) Add 11010102+1011012 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 + 1 0 1 1 0 1 10 0 t O 1 1 4 1101010; + 1011012 = 100101112 b) Subtract 11010112 — 1110102 11010112 ~ 1110102 = 01100012 PART - Il - BOOLEAN ALGEBRA ‘Choose the correct answer: 1. Which is a basic clectronic circuit which operates on one or more signals? (A) Boolean algebra (B) Gate (C) Fundamental gates 2. Which gate is called as the logical inverter? (A) AND (B) OR (NOT 3.AtA=? (AVA (B)O (1 4, NOR is a combination of ? (A) NOT(OR) (B)NOT(AND) — (C) NOT(NOT) 5. NAND is called as ...... Gate (A) Fundamental Gate (B) Derived Gate (C) Logical Gate O+1=1 1+0=1 1+ 1-10 -(1) Cany 1+1+1=11 0-0-0 1-0-1 1-1=0 0—1=1 (1) Borrow 10-1=1 (1 mark) (D) Derived gates (D) XNOR (D)A (D) NOT(NOR) (D) Universal gate http://www. voutube.com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, Very Short Answers (2 mark) 1, What is Boolean algebra? Boolean algebra is used for designing digital circuits in a digital computer. It describes the relation between inputs and outputs of a digital circuit. . Write a short note on NAND Gate. The NAND gate operates an AND gate followed by a NOT gate. The output is "false" / “0” if both inputs are "true" “1”, otherwise, the output is "true" / “1”, 3. Draw the truth table for XOR gate. The truth table for XOR gate is Input Output A B ic 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 4, Write the associative laws? Associative, A+(B+C)=(AtR)4C A.(B.C)=(A.B).C 5. What are derived gates? © The logic gates like NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR aie dérived gates which are derived from the fundamental gates. SECTION -C (3 mark) Short Answers 1. Write the truth table of fundamental gates. The truth table for AND gate is Input Output A B c 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 i T i The truth table for OR gate is Input ‘Output A B Cc 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 T 1 1 1 shttp://www.voutube,com// SKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, The truth table for NOT gate is Input Output A c I 0 0 1 2. Write a short note on XNOR gate. © The XNOR (exclusive - NOR) gate is a combination XOR gate followed by an inverter. Its output is "true" / “1” if the inputs are the same, and "false" / “0” if the inputs are different. XNOR Operation A ) * C=AQB The logical symbol is 3. Reason out why the NAND an NOR are called universal gates? + NAND and NOR gates are called Universal gates, because the fundamental logie gates can be realized through them. 4. Give the truth table of XOR gate. The truth table for XOR gate is [=A OB Input Output A B C 0 0. [ 0 0 1 I 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 5, Write the De Morgan’s law. A+B=A. (A.B) = A+B Explain in detail (5 mark) 1, Explain the fundamental gates with expression and truth table, ‘+A gate is a basic electronic circuit which operates on one or more signals to produce an output signal «There are three fundamental gates namely AND, OR and NOT. i) AND Gate * The AND gate can have two or more input signals and produce an output signal ‘The output is "true" /“1” only when both inputs are "true" /““1”", otherwise, the output is "false" / “0”. ‘* The output of the AND gate is represented by C, where A and B are two Boolean variables. * A variable can take either of the values '0' or'I'. “> http://www. voutube.com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, The logical symbol of the AND gate is C=AB AND gate C=AANDB AND Operation C=A.B or C=AB Example For instance if both inputs are 0, C=A.B =0.0 =0 Truth Table for AND Gate Input Output Hlolole A 0 0 L 1 =lo|-lo|x ii) OR Gate © The OR gate gets its name from its behaviour like the logical inclusive "OR" © The output is "true" /“1” if either or both of the inputs are "true" / “1”. © If both inputs are "false" /““0” then the output is “false” / “0”. The logical symbol of the OR gate is A OR gate C=AORB OR Operation =A+B Example For instance, if both the inputs are 1 C=A+B=1+1=1 http://www. voutube.com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, Truth Table for OR gate Input Output A B Cc 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 iii) NOT Gate + The NOT gate, called a logical inverter, has only one input, It reverses the logical state In other words the output C is always the complement of the input. The logical symbol of the NOT gate is NOT gate C=NOTA NOT operation c=K Example If Ais 0, c-o-1 On the other hand, if A is 1, c=i-0 The Truth Table for NOT gate Input Output A Cc 1 0 0 1 http://www. voutube.com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc. ‘omputer Instructor Grade-1, GHSS 2. How AND and OR can be realized using NAND and NOR gate. 3. Explain the Derived gates with expression and truth table. The logic gates like NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR are derived gates which are derived from the fundamental gates. i) NAND gate «The NAND gate operates an AND gate followed by a NOT gate. The output is "false" / “0” if both inputs are "true”/ “1™, otherwise, the output i: The logical symbol of NAND gate is NAND gate ExpressionJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, For example if both the inputs are | c=) =i-o The truth table for NAND gate is Input Output A B C= (A.B) 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 NOR gate + The NOR gate circuit is an OR gate followed by an inverter. * Its output is "true" if both inputs are "false" / “0” Otherwise, the output is "false" /““0” The Logic symbol of NOR Gate is A a) >“ NOR gate Expression For example if both the inputs are 0, The truth table for NOR gate is Input Output A B C=AtB 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 ) XOR gate * The XOR (exclusive - OR) gate acts in the same way as the logical "either/or." © The output is " ‘0” if either, but not both, of the inputs are "true" / “1”. ‘© The output is "false" / “0” if both inputs are "false" / “0” or if both inputs are "true" / “1” * In Boolean algebra, exclusive - OR operator @ or "encircled plus". ‘The logical symbol of XOR gate is A =< c B 1Jivww.voutube.com/c/ SKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, XOR Gate Expression C=A@B The truth table for XOR gate is Input Output A B Cc 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 iv) XNOR gate ‘* The XNOR (exclusive - NOR) gate is a combination XOR gate followed by an inverter. © Its ouput is “true” /“"1” if the inputs are the same, and "false" /““O" if the inputs are different. XNOR gate Expression (Using De Morgan's Theorem) In boolean algebra, © or "included dot" stands for the XNOR. C=AO@B A C=AQB B ‘The truth table for XNOR Gate is Input Output The logical symbol is -|=|o]o]>| =|o|—|o]ex =|>]>]=I4] http://www. voutube.com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, 3. COMPUTER ORGANISATION Choose the correct answer: (1 mark) 1. Which of the following is said to be the brain of a computer? (a) Input devices _(b) Output devices (©) Memory device (d) Microprocessor 2. Which of the following is not the part of a microprocessor unit? (a) ALU (b) Control unit (©) Cache memory (4d) register 3. How many bits constitute a word? @s (b) 16 (©) 32 (a) Determined by the processor used. 4, Which of the following device identifies the location when address is placed in the memory address register? (a) Locator (b) Encoder (c) Decoder (@) Multiplexer 5. Which of the following is a CISC processor? (a) Intel P6 (b) AMD K6 (c) Pentium 11 (4) Pentium IV 6. Which is the fastest memory? (a) Hard disk (b) Main memory {c) Cache memory (4) Blue-Ray disk 7. How many memory locations are identified by a processor with 8 bits address bus at a time? (a) 28 (b) 1024 () 256 (a) 8000 8. What is the capacity of 12cm diameter DVD with single sided and single layer? (a) 4.7 GB (b) 5.5 GB (c) 78GB (4) 22GB 9. What is the smallest size of data represented in a CD? (a) Blocks (b) Sectors © (d) Tracks 10. Display devices are connected to the computer through. (a) USB port (b) Ps/2 port (©) SCSI port (a) VGA connector Very Short Answers (2 mark) 1, What are the parameters which influence the characteristics of a microprocessor? ‘A Microprocessor’ performance depends on the following characteristics: © Clock speed + Instruction set © Word size 2, What is an instruction? * A.command which is given to a computer to perform an operation on data is called an instruction. 3. What is a program counter? ‘© The Program Counter (PC) is a special register in the CPU which always keeps the address of the| next instruction to be executed. 4. What is HDMI? ‘* High-Definition Multimedia Interface is an audio/video interface which transfers the uncompressed| video and audio data from a video controller, to a compatible computer monitor, LCD projector, digital television ete. 5, Which source is used to erase the content of a EPROM? ‘* Ultraviolet rays is used to erase the content of a EPROM. http://www. voutube.com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, Short Answers (3 mark) 1. Differentiate Computer Organization from Computer Architecture, Computer organization Computer Architecture Computer organization deals with the | Computer Architecture also deals with how they hardware components of a computer system | are interconnected to implement an architectural such as Input / Output devices, the CPU, Storage Devices and Primary Memory. Tt deals with the hardware components that | It deals with the engineering considerations are transparent to the programmer. involved in designing a computer. 2. Classify the microprocessor based on the size of the data. * Depending on the data width, microprocessors can process instructions. ‘* The microprocessors can be classified as follows: * 8-bit microprocessor © 16-bit microprocessor © 32-bit microprocessor * 64-bit microprocessor 3. Write down the classifications of microprocessors based on the instruction set. * The size of the instruction set is important consideration while categorizing microprocessors. © Two types of Microprocessors based on their instruction sets: “% Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISC): Pentitim IV, Intel P6, AMD K6 and K7. Complex Instruction Set Computers (CISC): Intel 386 & 486, Pentium, Pentium II and III, ete 4, Differentiate PROM and EPROM. PROM EPROM Programmable read only memory is a non-| Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory is volatile memory a special type of memory. PROMs retain their contents even when the | EPROM retains its contents until it is exposed computer is tured off. to ultraviolet light. PROM can be written only once and Ultraviolet rays is used to erase the content of a cannot be erased. EPROM 5. Write down the interfaces and ports available in a computer. Serial Port: To connect the external devices, found in old computers. Parallel Port: To connect the printers, found in old computers. USB Ports: To connect external devices like cameras, scanners, mobile phones, external hard disks and printers to the computer. VGA Connector: To connect a monitor or any display device like LCD projector. Audio Plugs: To connect sound speakers, microphone and headphones. PS/2 Port: To connect mouse and keyboard to PC. SCSI Port: To connect the hard disk drives and network connectors. http://www. voutube.com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, 6. Differentiate CD and DVD cD DVD CD stands for Compact Disk DVD stands for Digital Versatile Disc CD data is represented as tiny indentations |DVD-ROM can be visually determined by known as "pits" noting the number of data sides of the dise Capacity: CD-ROM is 700MB. Capacity: 4.7 GB Single-layered sides are usually silver-coloured | Double-layered sides are usually gold-coloured. 7. How will you differentiate a flash memory and an EEPROM? Flash Memory EEPROM Flash memory is an electronic (Solid-state) | Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only non- volatile computer storage Memory is a special type of PROM Flash memory offers fast access times. EEPROM is slower in performance. Te can be erased by exposing it to an | Itcan be electrically erased and reprogrammed. electrical charge. Explain in detail (3 mark) 1, Explain the characteristics of a microprocessor, A Microprocessor’ s performance depends on the following characteristics: * Clock speed Instruction set © = =Word size Clock speed ‘* Every microprocessor has an internal clock that regulates the speed at which it executes instructions. ‘* The speed at which the microprocessor executes instructions is called the clock speed. Clock speed is measured in MHz (Mega Hertz) or in GHz (Giga Hertz), Instruction Set * Acommand which is given to a computer to perform an operation on data is called an instruction. ‘* Basic set of machine level instructions that a microprocessor is designed to execute is called as an] instruction set. * This instruction set carries out the following types of operations: % Data transfer > Arithmetic operations “& Logical operations % Control flow > Input/output Word Size ‘© The number of bits that can be processed by a processor in a single instruction is called its word size. © Word size determines the amount of RAM that can be accessed by a microprocessor http://www. voutube.com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, 2. How the read and write operations are performed by a processor? Explain. * A bus isa collection of wires used for communication between the internal components of a computer, © The read operation transfers the data(bits) from word to Memory Data Register. «The read operation fetches data from memory and transfers to MDR. A single control line performs two operations like Read/Write using lor 0. The write operation transfers the data(bits) from Memory Data Register to word. ‘Also, the write operation transfers data from the MDR to memory. © The word in the RAM has the same size (no. of bits) as the Memory Data Register (MDR). « If the processor is an 8-bit processor, its MDR and the word in the RAM both have 8 bits. ‘If the size of the MDR is 8 bits, which can be connected with a word in the memory which is also 8| bits size © The data bus has eight parallel wires to transfer data either from MDR to word or word to MDR| based on the control(Read or write). This control line is labeled as R/W , which becomes 1 means READ operation and 0 means WRITE| operation. 3. Arrange the memory devices in ascending order based on the access time. Blu-Ray ‘* Blu-Ray Disc is a high-density optical disc similar to DVD. ‘* Blu-ray is the type of disc used for PlayStation games and for playing HD movies. * A double-layer Blu-Ray disc can store up to 50GB -of data. DVD uses a red laser to read and write data. © Blu-ray uses a blue-violet laser to write. Hard Disks © Hard disk is a magnetic disk on which you can store data. * The hard disk has the stacked arrangement of disks accessed by a pair of heads for each of the disks. ise «The hard disks come with a single or double sided disk. Random-Access Memory (RAM) ‘* The main memory or Random Access Memory is available in computers in the form of Integrated Cireuits (ICs). ‘* It is the place in a computer where the Operating System, Application Programs and the data in current use are kept temporarily so that they can be accessed by the computer's processor ‘* The smallest unit of information that can be stored as a bit. ‘© ‘The memory can be accessed as a byte. + RAMisa volatile memory. ‘Cache Memory ‘© The cache memory is a very high speed and expensive memory used to speed up the memory retrieval] process. ‘© Due to its higher cost, the CPU comes with a smaller size of cache memory compared with the size 0 the main memory. http://www. voutube.com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, ‘* Without cache memory, every time the CPU requests the data, it has to be fetched from the main| memory which will consume more time. ‘* The idea of introducing a cache is that, this extremely fast memory would store data that is frequently] accessed and if possible, the data that is closer to it. ‘© This helps to achieve the fast response time. © The arrangement of cache memory is between the CPU and the main memory. 4, Explain the types of ROM. Read Only Memory (ROM) ‘© Read only memory refers to special memory in a computer with pre-recorded data at manufacturing] time which cannot be modified. ‘© The stored programs that start the computer and perform diagnostics are available in ROMs. Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) ‘© Programmable read only memory is also a non-volatile memory on which data can be written only] once. ‘* Once a program has been written onto a PROM, it remains there forever. ‘© Unlike the main memory, PROMs retain their contents even when the computer is turned off, ‘* The PROM differs from ROM. PROM is manufactured as a blank memory, whereas a ROM is| programmed during the manufacturing process itself. * PROM programmer or a PROM burner is used to) write data to a PROM chip. The process of programming a PROM is called burning the PROM. Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM) * Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory is Special type of memory which serves as a PROM, but| the content can be erased using ultraviolet rays. ‘* EPROM retains its contents until it is exposed to ultraviolet light. ‘©The ultraviolet light clears its contents, making it possible to reprogram the memory. * An EPROM differs from a PROM, PROM can be written only once and cannot be erased. * EPROMs are used widely in personal computers because they enable the manufacturer to change the] contents of the PROM to replace with updated versions or erase the contents before the computer is} delivered. Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) ‘¢ Flecirically Frasable Programmable Read Only Memory is a special type of PROM that can he erased| by exposing it to an electrical charge. ‘© Like other types of PROM, EEPROM retains its contents even when the power is tured off. * Comparing with all other types of ROM, EEPROM is slower in performance. http://www. voutube.com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, 4. THEORETICAL CONCEPTS OF OPERATING SYSTEM Choose the correct answer: (1 mark) 1. Operating system is a a) Application Software b) Hardware ©) System Software 4) Component 2. Identify the usage of Operating Systems a) Easy interaction between the human and computer b) Controlling input & output Devices c) Managing use of main memory 4) All the above 3. Which of the following is not a function of an Operating System? a) Process Management, b) Memory Management c) Security management 4d) Complier Environment 4. Which of the following OS is a commercially licensed Operating system? a) Windows b) UBUNTU c) FEDORA d) REDHAT 5. Which of the following Operating systems support Mobile Devices? a)Windows 7 b)Linux ©) BOSS iOS 6. File Management manages a) Files b) Folders c) Directory systems) All the Above 7. Interactive Operating System provides a) Graphics User Interface (GUD) b) Data Distribution ©) Security Management d) Real Time Processing 8. An example for single task operating system is a) Linux b) Windows Ms-Dos ) Unix 9. The File management system used by Linux is a) ext2 b) NTFS ©) FAT d) NFTS Very Short Answers (2 mark) 1. List out any two uses of Operating System? © To ensure that a computer can be used to extract what the user wants it do. «Easy interaction between the users and computers. © Controlling Input and Output Devices 2, What is the multi-user Operating system? © Multi-user Operating system is used in computers and laptops that allow same data and applications to be accessed by multiple users at the same time. ‘© The users can also communicate with each other. Example: Windows, Linux and UNIX 3. What is a GUI? © The GUL is a window based system with a pointing device to direct I/O, choose from menus, make selections and a keyboard to enter text. «Its vibrant colours attract the user very easily shttp://www.voutube,com// SKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA M.Sc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-1, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, 4, What are the security management features available in Operating System? © The Operating System provides three levels of securities to the user end. «They are File access level, System level, Network level 5. What is multi-processing? ‘* Multi-processing is a one of the features of Operating System. « Ithas two or more processors for a single running process (job). ‘* Processing takes place in parallel is known as parallel processing, 6. What are the different Operating Systems used in computer? ‘© Operating Systems used in personal computers and laptops are Windows, UNIX and Linux. © The different Operating Systems used in computers are: “Single User Operating Systems + Multi-user Operating Systems Distributed Operating Systems Short Answers (3 mark) 1, What are the advantages and disadvantages of Time-sharing features? Advantages: * All the tasks are given specific time and task switching time is very less so applications don’t get interrupted by it. ‘* Many applications can run at the same time. * Time sharing in batch systems increases performance. © Provides quick response, Avoids duplication of software} Reduces CPU idle time. Disadvantages: * Itconsumes much resource. Switching between tasks between lots of users may hang up the system. Problem of reliability, Question of security and integrity, Problem of data communication. 2. List out the key features of Operating system ° ° The various key features are given belowJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, 3. Write a note on Multiprocessing ‘© Multi-processing is a one of the features of Operating System. # Ithas two or more processors for a single running process (job). + Processing takes place in parallel is known as parallel processin; ‘The execution takes place in parallel, this feature is used for high speed execution which increases the| power of computing, Explain in Detail (5 mark) 1. Explain the concept of a Distributed Operating System along with its advantages.. ‘© The Distributed Operating System is used to access shared data and files that reside in any machine around the world. The user can handle the data from different locations. The users can access as if it is available on their ‘own computer. ‘The advantages of distributed Operating System are as follows: © Auser at one location can wake use uf all the resvuices available at auvtlier location over the uctwork. ‘Many computer resources can be added easily in the network ‘¢ Improves the interaction with the customers and clients. ‘* Reduces the load on the host computer. 2, List out the points to be noted while creating a user interface for an Uperating system. The following points are considered when User Interface is designed for an application. © The user interface should enable the user to retain this expertise for a longer time. ‘* The user interface should also satisfy the customer based on their needs. © The user interface should save user’s precious time. ‘© The ultimate aim of any product is to satisfy the customer. The User Interface is also ta satisfy the customer. ‘© The user interface should reduce number of errors committed by the user 3. Explain the process management algorithms in Operating System. ‘* Process management is function that includes creating and deleting processes (program) and providing| mechanisms for processes to communicate and synchronize with each other. ‘* A system task, such as sending output to a printer or screen, can also be called as a Process. http://www. voutube.com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, A computer consists of a collection of processes; they are classified as two categories: + Operating System processes which is executed by system code + User Processes which is execute by user code The Process Management algorithms are mainly used to allocate the job (process) to the processor 1. FIFO 2. SIF 3. Round Robin 4. Based On Priority FIFO (First In First Out) Scheduling: * FIFO algorithm is based on queuing technique. © Technically, the process that enters the queue first is executed first by the CPU, followed by the next and so on. The processes are executed in the order of the queue (row). Example: ‘© Assume that a student standing in a queue (Row) can get their grade sheet from his/her teacher, according to the order of the queue that is First In First Out. SJF (Shortest Job First) Scheduling: This algorithm works based on the size of the job being executed by the CPU Example: Consider two jobs A and B. 1) A=6 kilo bytes 2) B=9 kilo bytes First the job “A” will be assigned and then job “B" gets its turn. Round Robin Scheduling * The Round Robin (RR) scheduling algorithm is designed especially for time sharing systems. ‘= Jobs (processes) are assigned and processor‘time in a citeular method. Example: + Take three jobs A, B, C. First the job A is assigned to CPU then job B and job C and then again A, Band C and so on. Based On Priority ‘© The given job (process) is assigned based on a Priority. © ‘The job which has higher priority is more important than other jobs. Example: * Take two jobs A and B. Let the priority of A be 5 and priority B be 7 % Job B is assigned to the processor before job A. http://www. voutube.com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENERJ.ILAKKIA MSc,, B.Ed., M.Phil, Computer Instructor Grade-I, GHSS ~ V.Pagandai, Villupuram, 5. WORKING WITH WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM Choose the correct answer: (1 mark) 1. From the options given below, choose the operations managed by the operating system. a. Memory b. Processes c. Disks and /O devices d. All of the above 2. Which is the default folder for many Windows Applications to save your file? a.My Document b. My Pictures _¢. Documents and Settings d. My Computer 3. Under which of the following OS, the option Shift + Delete — permanently deletes a file or folder? a.Windows7 —_b. MS-DOS c. Linux d. Android OS 4, What is the meaning of "Hibernate" in Windows XP/Windows 7? a. Restart the Computer in safe mode b. Restart the Computer in hibernate mode c. Shutdown the Computer terminating all the running applications hutdown the Computer without closing the running app! s 5, The shortcut key used to rename a file in windows aR? bra cFS 4. F6 Very Short Answers (2 mark) 1, What is known as Multitasking? Multiple applications can execute simultaneously in Windows, and this is known as “Multitasking”. 2. What are called standard icons? * Icons which are available on desktop by default while installing Windows OS are called Standard| Icons, The standard icons available in all Windows OS-are My-Computer 3. Differentiate Files and Folders. Files Folders A file consists of a collection of data. ‘A folder stores files and folders. It is also called a directory. Each file has its own extension. A folder does not have any extension Folder and sub folder cannot be created in a file | Folder and sub folder can be created in a folder 4. Differentiate Save and Save As option. Save Save As “Save” command is used to save a document | “Save As” command can save a file by two or by only one name more than two names. Shortcut Keys : Ctrl +S Shortcut Keys : Ctrl+Shift+S 5. How will you Rename a File? ‘* Rename files or folders or right mouse button. 1, Select the File 2. Click File Rename. 3. Type in the new name. 4, To finalise the renaming operation be done in number of ways such as using the File menu, left mouse button] http://www. voutube.com/c/CSKNOWLEDGEOPENER (CS ANOWLEDGE OPENER