General and Inorganic Chemistry

Lecture 3 Buffer Solutions

(Буферные растворы)

Irina Shtobbe
Altay State Medical University

1
Plan of the Lecture

1. Buffer solutions: function, classification, protolytic equations

2. Mechanisms of pH control for the body buffer systems

3. Ka, pKa and Henderson-Hasselbach equations for the body buffer systems

4. Acidosis and alkalosis of human body fluids

5. Buffer solution pH calculating. Buffer capacity

2
Buffer Solutions
Buffer solution is a solution containing a conjugate acid-base pair (buffer
system) capable of maintaining a nearly constant pH value when diluted or
when small amounts of acid or alkali are added.
FUNCTION of buffer solutions is pH controlling

3
Buffer Solutions

4
Buffer Solutions
Classification of buffer solutions:
1 A. Acidic buffer solutions is
a solutions containing a weak acid and its salt, for example a
solution containing acetic acid and sodium acetate or carbonic acid
and sodium bicarbonate.

5
Buffer Solutions

6
Buffer Solutions

7
Buffer Solutions. BLOOD

Respiratory regulation of blood pH

8
Buffer Solutions. BLOOD

9
Buffer Solutions. BLOOD

10
Buffer Solutions
Classification of buffer solutions:

1 B. SALINE acidic buffer solution is

a solution containing an acidic and a normal salt or two acidic salts, for
example, a solution containing sodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium
dihydrogen phosphate.

11
Buffer Solutions

12
Buffer Solutions. URINE

13
Buffer Solutions
Classification of buffer solutions:
2. Basic buffer solution is
a solution containing a weak base and its salt, such as a solution
containing ammonium hydroxide and ammonium chloride.

14
Buffer Solutions

15
Buffer Solutions. URINE

16
Buffer Solutions
Classification of buffer solutions:
3. Amphoteric buffer solution is a solution containing both positively and
negatively charged groups in one molecule (amino acids, proteins)

17
Buffer Solutions. INTERCELLULAR FLUID

18
Buffer Solutions. INTERCELLULAR FLUID

19
Buffer Solutions. RED BLOOD CELLS

20
Buffer Solutions. pH of acid/base pairs

21
Buffer Solutions. Buffer capacity
Buffer capacity is the amount of strong acid or strong alkali that
must be added to 1 liter of the buffer system so that its pH changes
by one

22
Buffer Solutions. Strong base and strong acid addition

23
Buffer Solutions. Buffer pH calculation

24
Buffer Solutions. Buffer pH calculation after strong acid
addition

25
Buffer Solutions. Buffer pH calculation after strong
base addition

26
Buffer Solutions. Buffer capacity calculation

27