BENZENE (C6H6)

 COMBUSTION REACTION - Benzene can burn in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon
dioxide and water. The combustion of benzene is exothermic and can release a large amount of
energy. Sulfonation: Benzene can react with sulfuric acid to form benzenesulfonic acid.

Do the following:

a. 3 Drops of benzene in evaporating dish and ignited using a lighted match stick

Color: leaning more to orange upon combustion

Presence of soot: Yes

Equation: (PA COPY NALNG SA BOOK PLS. PAGE 51)

 VON BAEYER’S TEST/ UNSATURATION] - Von Baeyer's Test, also known as the Unsaturation Test,
is a chemical test used to detect the presence of unsaturation in organic compounds, particularly
in aromatic compounds like benzene. This test relies on the reaction of the compound with
bromine (Br2) or potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in the presence of a suitable catalyst.

Mix the following:

a. 5 drops of Benzene
b. 5 drops of dilute KMnO4

Color (deposited at the bottom of the test tube): Dominant purple

Observation: KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing agent and benzene couldn’t react with KMn04

Equation: (Page 51)

 HALOGENATION – SUBSTITUTION TEST - Halogenation, specifically in the context of benzene,

refers to a substitution reaction where one or more hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring are
replaced by halogen atoms such as chlorine (Cl2) or bromine (Br2). This reaction is a
characteristic feature of aromatic compounds due to the high stability of the benzene ring,
which allows it to undergo substitution reactions rather than addition reactions typical of
alkenes.

Use the following:

a. 2 clean dry test tube

b. 10 drops of benzene and 2 drops of bromine water to each tube and mix
c. Cover both tubes with a cork
d. Expose the first tube to sunlight or ultraviolet rays. (Use flashlight)
e. Put inside your locker the second tube
f. Observe and compare their appearances after 10 minutes
Test 1 (exposed): Turned cloudy/ blurry substance and formed bubbles

Test 2 (in locker) light yellowish color

Equation (exposed): (page 52)

Equation 2 (inside the locker): (page 52)

 MISCIBILITY AND DENSITY - Benzene, a colorless and flammable liquid aromatic hydrocarbon,
exhibits excellent miscibility with nonpolar solvents due to its nonpolar nature and the presence
of a delocalized electron cloud in its aromatic ring, making it a valuable solvent in various
industries. With a relatively low density of about 0.879 grams per cubic centimeter at room
temperature, benzene floats on water and vaporizes readily. However, its toxicity and
carcinogenicity have led to strict regulations regarding its industrial use and handling.

Use the following:

a. 5 drops of benzene and add 20 drops of water. Shake

Observation: Benzene floats on top while the water would sink to the bottom. Benzene is soluble to
water.

Which is heavier, benzene or water?

*Water is denser than benzene, thus water is heavier.