WHAT IS SPECIAL EDUCATION?

HE IS HE HAS A PHYSICAL
➢ It is the design of teaching and learning strategies for individuals CRIPPLED/CRIPPLE DISABILITY/PHYSICAL
with disabilities or learning difficulties. DISABLED
➢ It is also about attitude, because teachers need a positive attitude to HE SUFFERS FROM HE HAS DOWN
be effective special educators. DOWN SYNDROME SYNDROME
➢ It is also about understanding the different needs that students have, SHE IS WHEELCHAIR SHE USES A
including the different types of disability and learning difficulties. BOUND WHEELCHAIR WALKS
LAME/PARALYTIC WITH A CANE/USES
THE MOST EFFECTIVE TEACHERS HAVE AN ATTITUDE CRUTCHES
STATED AS: • PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES DO NOT WISH TO BE
KNOWN AS `A DOWN SYNDROME PERSON’ OR `THE
“ALL OF MY STUDENTS WILL LEARN WHEN I FIND THE RIGHT HANDICAPPED’, OR BY ANY SUCH TERM.
WAY TO TEACH THEM.” • THEY WISH TO BE RECOGNIZED AS VALUED
MEMBERS OF SOCIETY, THAT IS, PEOPLE, WHO
THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (1980) HAVE A DISABILITY.
DETERMINED THE FOLLOWING DEFINITIONS, WHICH • THE PRINCIPLE TO BE FOLLOWED IS PEOPLE FIRST,
HAVE BEEN GENERALLY ACCEPTED THROUGHOUT THE DISABILITY SECOND (FOREMAN, 2000).
WORLD: • PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES DO NOT WISH TO BE
SEEN AS THE OBJECT OF A PUNISHMENT OR
IMPAIRMENT BLIGHT, OR AS VICTIMS, EITHER. NOR DO THEY
- AN ABNORMALITY IN THE WAY ORGANS OR WISH TO BE SEEN AS CONTINUALLY SUFFERING OR
SYSTEMS FUNCTION E.G., A MEDICAL CONDITION, IN NEED OF SYMPATHY.
EYE DISEASE, A HEART PROBLEM
DISABILITY VISION, POLICY, GOAL AND OBJECTIVES OF SPECIAL
- THE FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCE OF AN EDUCATION
IMPAIRMENT E.G., AN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY
DUE TO BRAIN IMPAIRMENT; LOW VISION; VISION FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
DEAFNESS THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION CLEARLY
STATES ITS VISION FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS IN
USE OF LANGUAGE WHEN TALKING ABOUT DISABILITY CONSONANCE WITH THE PHILOSOPHY OF INCLUSIVE
AVOID USE EDUCATION, THUS:
EXPRESSION/WORDS ❑ IT IS ENVISIONED THAT HE/SHE COULD BE
SUCH AS ADEQUATELY PROVIDED WITH BASIC EDUCATION.
THE CEREBRAL PEOPLE WITH THIS EDUCATION SHOULD…
PALSIED CEREBRAL PALSY ➢FULLY REALIZE THEIR OWN POTENTIALS FOR
THE DEAF/DEAF OF PEOPLE WHO ARE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY
DEAF/HARD ➢BECOME CAPABLE OF SELF-EXPRESSION AND
HEARING/HEARING KNOWLEDGEABLE OF THEIR RIGHTS
IMPAIRED/ SPEECH ➢BECOME GOD-LOVING AND PROUD OF BEING FILIPINOS
IMPAIRED
EPILEPTICS PEOPLE WITH
BACHELOR OF INCLUSIVE AND SPECIAL NEEDS
EPILEPSY EDUCATION RATIONALE
THE HANDICAPPED PEOPLE WITH THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON SPECIAL
DISABILITIES/ EDUCATION RESPECTFULLY PROPOSES A CHANGE IN THE
DIFFERENTLY ABLED PROGRAM NAME FROM BACHELOR OF SPECIAL
HIS HANDICAP IS… HIS DISABILITY IS… EDUCATION TO BACHELOR OF INCLUSIVE AND SPECIAL
THE DISABLED PEOPLE WITH NEEDS EDUCATION. THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF
DISABILITIES PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (CRPD) WAS SIGNED BY THE
A BLIND MAN A MAN WHO IS BLIND PHILIPPINES IN 2006 AND RATIFIED BY PHILIPPINE
A VICTIM OF VISUALLY OR VISION CONGRESS IN 2008. AS A SIGNATORY TO THE CRPD, THE
BLINDNESS/BLIND IMPAIRED PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT SHALL ENSURE ACCESS OF
MENTAL INTELLECTUAL PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES TO AN INCLUSIVE SYSTEM OF
RETARDATION/ DISABILITY/ EDUCATION. THIS ENTAILS PROVIDING EDUCATIONAL
MENTALLY DEVELOPMENTAL SUPPORT AND REASONABLE ACCOMMODATIONS TO
RETARDED DISABLED STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF
GENERAL EDUCATION. THE PRACTICE OF SPECIAL
EDUCATION IS NO LONGER LIMITED TO SPECIAL
EDUCATION CENTERS BUT TO GENERAL/REGULAR
EDUCATION CLASSROOMS AS WELL, WHERE STUDENTS
WITH DISABILITIES LEARN SIDE BY SIDE WITH NON-
DISABLED PEERS.
❑ It is also envisioned that the child with special education
needs will get full parental and community support for his/her
education without discrimination of any kind.
This special child should also be provided with a healthy environment
along with leisure and recreation and social security measures.
POLICY OF SPECIAL EDUCATION
• THE POLICY ON INCLUSIVE EDUCATION FOR ALL IS
ADOPTED IN THE PHILIPPINES TO ACCELERATE
ACCESS TO EDUCATION AMONG CHILDREN AND
YOUTH WITH SPECIAL NEEDS.
• INCLUSIVE EDUCATION FORMS AN INTEGRAL
COMPONENT OF THE OVERALL EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM THAT IS COMMITTED TO AN APPROPRIATE
EDUCATION FOR ALL CHILDREN AND YOUTH WITH
SPECIAL NEEDS.
GOAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION
✓ TO PROVIDE CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
APPROPRIATE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES WITHIN THE
MAINSTREAM OF BASIC EDUCATION. IT INCLUDES THE…
A. DEVELOPMENT OF KEY STRATEGIES ON
LEGISLATION
B. HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
C. FAMILY INVOLVEMENT
D. ACTIVE PARTICIPATION OF GOVERNMENT AND
NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS
SPECIAL EDUCATION AIMS TO:
1. PROVIDE A FLEXIBLE AND INDIVIDUALIZED
SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH
WITH SPECIAL NEEDS IN A REGULAR CLASS
ENVIRONMENT IN SCHOOLS NEAREST THE
STUDENTS’ HOME,
2. PROVIDE SUPPORT SERVICES, VOCATIONAL
PROGRAMS AND WORK TRAINING, EMPLOYMENT
OPPORTUNITIES FOR EFFICIENT COMMUNITY
PARTICIPATION AND INDEPENDENT LIVING.
3. IMPLEMENT A LIFE-LONG CURRICULUM TO
INCLUDE EARLY INTERVENTION AND PARENT
EDUCATION, BASIC EDUCATION AND TRANSITION
PROGRAMS ON VOCATIONAL TRAINING OR
PREPARATION FOR COLLEGE, AND
4. MAKE AVAILABLE AN ARRAY OF EDUCATIONAL
PROGRAMS AND SERVICES: THE SPECIAL
EDUCATION CENTER BUILT ON “A SCHOOL WITHIN
A SCHOOL CONCEPT” AS THE RESOURCE CENTER
FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH WITH SPECIAL NEEDS;
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN REGULAR SCHOOLS,
SPECIAL AND RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS,
HOMEBOUND INSTRUCTION, HOSPITAL
INSTRUCTION AND COMMUNITY-BASED
PROGRAMS; ALTERNATIVE MODES OF SERVICE
DELIVERY TO REACH THE DISADVANTAGED
CHILDREN IN FAR-FLUNG TOWNS, DEPRESSED
AREAS, AND UNDERSERVED BARANGAYS.
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
1902 – THE INTEREST TO EDUCATE FILIPINO
CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES WAS EXPRESSED
THROUGH MR. FRED ATKINSON, THE GENERAL
SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCATION
1907 – SPECIAL EDUCATION WAS FORMALLY
STARTED IN THE COUNTRY BY ESTABLISHING THE
INSULAR SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF AND BLIND IN
MANILA.
1926 – THE PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION FOR DEAF WAS
FOUNDED.
1927 – THE GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHED THE
WELFAREVILLE CHILDREN’S VILLAGE, A SCHOOL
FOR PEOPLE WITH MENTAL RETARDATION IN
MANDALUYONG.
1945 – THE NATIONAL ORTHOPEDIC HOSPITAL
SCHOOL FOR THE CRIPPLED CHILDREN AND YOUTH
IS ESTABLISHED.
1949 – QUEZON CITY SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL WAS
INAUGURATED FOR GIFTED STUDENTS.
1950 – PAD OPENED A SCHOOL FOR THE CHILDREN
WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT.
1953 – THE ELSHIE GACHES VILLAGE WAS
ESTABLISHED IN ALABANG TO TAKE CARE OF THE
ABANDONED AND ORPHANED CHILDREN AND
YOUTH WITH PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HANDICAPS.
1954 – THE FIRST WEEK OF AUGUST WAS DECLARED
AS SIGHT SAVING WEEK.
1956 – SPECIAL CLASSES FOR THE DEAF IN
REGULAR CLASS WERE IMPLEMENTED.
1957 – THE BUREAU OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF THE
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND CULTURE
CREATED THE SPECIAL EDUCATION SECTION OF
THE SPECIAL SUBJECTS AND SERVICE EDUCATION.
1958 – THE AMERICAN FOUNDATION FOR
OVERSEAS BLIND OPENED ITS REGIONAL OFFICE
IN MANILA.
1960 – SOME PRIVATE COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITIES
STARTED TO OFFER SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL
COURSES ON GRADUATE SCHOOL CURRICULUM.
1962 – THE MANILA YOUTH REHABILITATION
CENTER WAS OPENED.
1963 – WITH THE APPROVAL OF R.A. NO. 3562, THE
TRAINING OF DEC TEACHER SCHOLARS FOR BLIND
CHILDREN STARTED AT THE PHILIPPINE NORMAL
UNIVERSITY.
1965 – THE START OF THE TRAINING PROGRAM FOR
SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS ON THE
ORGANIZATION, ADMINISTRATION AND
SUPERVISION OF SPECIAL EDUCATION CLASSES.
1976 – PROCLAMATION 1605 DECLARED 1977 TO 1987
AS THE DECADE OF THE FILIPINO CHILD.
 1977 – MEC ISSUED DEPARTMENT ORDER NO. 10 INSTITUTIONS, ESTABLISHMENTS AND PUBLIC
THAT DESIGNATED REGIONAL AND DIVISION UTILITIES TO INSTALL FACILITIES AND OTHER
SUPERVISORS OF SPECIAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS. DEVICES FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES.
1990 – THE PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF ✓ IN 1989, R.A. NO. 6759 WAS ENACTED. THE LAW
(PID) AN ORAL SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN WITH DECLARED AUGUST 1 OF EACH YEAR AS “WHITE
HEARING IMPAIRMENT WAS ESTABLISHED. CANE SAFETY DAY IN THE PHILIPPINES.” BLIND
1996 – THE THIRD WEEK OF JANUARY WAS PERSONS USE THE CANE IN TRAVELLING.
DECLARED AS AUTISM CONSCIOUSNESS WEEK. ✓ IN 1992, R.A. NO. 7610 WAS ENACTED. THE LAW IS
1998 – DECS ORDER NO.5 “RECLASSIFICATION OF “AN ACT PROVIDING FOR STRONG DETERRENCE
REGULAR TEACHER AND PRINCIPAL ITEMS TO AND SPECIAL PROTECTION AGAINST CHILD
SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHER AND SPECIAL ABUSE, EXPLOITATION AND DISCRIMINATION,
SCHOOLS PRINCIPAL ITEM” PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR ITS VIOLATION AND
OTHER PURPOSES.”
THE LEGAL BASES ✓ IN THE YEAR 2000, PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATION
✓ ARTICLES 356 AND 259 OF COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 361 SET NEW DATES FOR THE NATIONAL
NO. 3203 ASSERTED “THE RIGHT OF EVERY CHILD DISABILITY PREVENTION AND REHABILITATION
TO LIVE IN AN ATMOSPHERE CONDUCIVE TO HIS WEEK CELEBRATION ON THE THIRD WEEK OF
PHYSICAL, MORAL AND INTELLECTUAL JULY EVERY YEAR WHICH SHALL CULMINATE ON
DEVELOPMENT” AND THE CONCOMITANT DUTY THE BIRTH DATE OF THE SUBLIME PARALYTIC
OF THE GOVERNMENT “TO PROMOTE THE FULL APOLINARIO MABINI.
GROWTH OF THE FACULTIES OF EVERY CHILD.” ✓ REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9288 OTHERWISE KNOWN AS
✓ REPUBLIC ACT NO. 3562, “AN ACT TO PROMOTE “THE NEWBORN SCREENING ACT 2004” IS BASED
THE EDUCATION OF THE BLIND IN THE ON THE PREMISE THAT A RETARDED CHILD COULD
PHILIPPINES” HAVE BEEN NORMAL.
✓ REPUBLIC ACT NO. 5250, “AN ACT ESTABLISHING A NEWBORN SCREENING
TEN-YEAR TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAM FOR - IS A BLOOD TEST WHEREIN A BLOOD SAMPLE WILL
TEACHERS OF SPECIAL AND EXCEPTIONAL BE TAKEN FROM THE HEEL OF THE CHILD.
CHILDREN” WAS SIGNED INTO LAW IN 1968.
✓ IN 1975, PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 603,
OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE CHILD AND YOUTH
WELFARE CODE WAS ENACTED.
✓ ARTICLE 3 ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD PROVIDES
AMONG OTHERS THAT “THE EMOTIONALLY
DISTURBED OR SOCIALLY MALADJUSTED CHILD
SHALL BE TREATED WITH SYMPATHY AND
UNDERSTANDING AND SHALL BE GIVEN THE
EDUCATION AND CARE REQUIRED BY HIS
PARTICULAR CONDITION”
✓ IN 1978, PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1509 CREATED
THE NATIONAL COMMISSION CONCERNING
DISABLED PERSONS (NCCDP). IT WAS RENAMED AS
NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE WELFARE OF
DISABLED PERSONS (NCWDP).
✓ THE EDUCATION ACT OF 1982 OR BATAS PAMBANSA
BILANG 232 SATES THAT “THE STATE SHALL
PROMOTE THE RIGHT OF EVERY INDIVIDUAL TO
RELEVANT QUALITY EDUCATION REGARDLESS
OF SEX, AGE, BREED, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS,
PHYSICAL AND MENTAL CONDITION, SOCIAL
AND ETHNIC ORIGIN, POLITICAL AND OTHER
AFFILIATIONS. THE STATE SHALL THEREFORE
PROMOTE AND MAINTAIN EQUALITY OF ACCESS
TO EDUCATION AS WELL AS ENJOYMENT OF THE
BENEFITS OF EDUCATION BY ALL ITS CITIZENS.”
✓ IN 1983, BATAS PAMBANSA BILANG 344 WAS
ENACTED. THE ACCESSIBILITY LAW, “AN ACT TO
ENHANCE THE MOBILITY OF DISABLED
PERSONS” REQUIRED CARS, BUILDINGS,