Dr. D. Y. Patil Group of Institutions’ Technical Campus.

AJEENKYA D. Y. PATIL SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

Dr. D. Y. Patil Knowledge City, Charholi Bk., Via. Lohegaon, Pune – 412 105.
Affiliated to S.P.Pune, University .MSBTE ,Approved by AICTE &DTE
Accredited by NAAC,NABL-ISO/IEC 17025 & ISO 9001:2015&21001:2018 Certified Institute
Department of Civil Engineering
Form No. IQAC/23 (f)

Date: 1st November 2023

Visit Report
Academic Year: 2023-2024 Class: TE: A+B+C Semester: V

Name of the Event: Site visit to Ajeenkya D. Y. Patil School of Engineering Workshop,

Lohegaon

Date and Time 1st November 2023

Ajeenkya D. Y. Patil School of Engineering Workshop,
Event Venue Lohegaon

Organized by Department of Civil Engineering

Resource Person Prof. Jitendra Dalvi, Prof. Manoj

Deosarkar

Event Contents:

• Visiting Ajeenkya D. Y. Patil School of Engineering Workshop, Lohegaon

Objectives:-

1. The concept of visit is to have the entire knowledge of Structural Design (Steel Structure)
as per syllabus
2. Students had got details of every units of Steel Structure.

Prof. Jitendra Dalvi,

Prof. Manoj Deosarkar Prof. Lt. Col. S. M Karodpati (rtd.)
Site Visit Coordinator HOD
Details Of Site Visit To Pune Railway Station:
The department of Civil Engineering of Dr. D. Y. Patil School of Engineering Lohegaon, Pune,
had organized an educational visit Ajeenkya D. Y. Patil School of Engineering Workshop,
Lohegaon Pune , on dated 1 November 2023 as a part of curriculum of the subject, "Design Of
Steel Structures (DSS)" for T.E Civil engineering students. The visit was organized with the prior
permission and guidance of Hon. Principal Dr. F.B Sayyad and HOD or Civil Engineering
Department Lt Col. Sanjay Karodpati. 120 students of TE (Civil) along with faculty members
Prof. Mapoj Deosarkar, and Prof. Jitendra Dalvi, attended the Educational Visit which started at
10:00 am and concluded at 1 pm.
TECHNICAL DISCUSSIONS DURING THE VISIT:

Different Structures Constructed On Railway Station:

• Bolted, Welded. Riveted Connection

• Tension and Compression Member (Beam and Column)

• . Bracing

• Lacing

• Battening

• . Beam to Beam Connection

• Beam to Column Connection

• Column Base

• Plate Girder (Bolted and Welded), Stiffeners

• Gantry Girder (Bolted and Welded)

• Trusses (purlins, principal rafter)

• Rails, Fish Plates, Fasteners

Trusses: -

A truss is a structure that "consists of two-force members only, where the members
are organized so that the assemblage as a whole behaves as a single object".

A truss consists of typically straight members connected at joints, traditionally

termed panel points. Trusses are typically composed of triangles because of the
structural stability of that shape and design.

A truss that is assumed to comprise members that are connected by means of pin
joints, and which is supported at both ends by means of hinged joints or rollers.

● ROOF STRUCTURE: While determining that the truss roof will be the best
choice for the roof it is essential to match the compatibility of the roof type with
the truss. Truss does not support all kinds of roofs. Trusses are highly suitable
for the roof types which are flat, saddle or single pitch. It is averagely suitable
for a hipped roof as well. But it is not very compatible for pyramid roofs.

● PRESSURE ANALYSIS: The upper chord and the lower chord are under
compression and tension. This state depends upon the inclination of the
diagonals. It is required to manage the pressure on the roof by analyzing as
extreme loading can change the sign of structure which will result in making the
upper chord be under tension and the lower be under compression.
● BUCKLING OF MEMBERS: The strength and stability are termed as members
of the truss. Steel can handle the tensile forces in roof truss, but the compression
members are to be taken well care of. Composite and stiffened compression
members must be used so as to save them from buckling down.

● MANAGING THE SYSTEM LINES: The system lines of the trusses should
meet at the panel points. But it is difficult to achieve as all the stress is exerted
on members and connectors. Therefore, either the system lines should meet at
one point or the system lines of diagonals should meet at least within the chord
member in a roof truss. This is to manage the load and ensure proper
functioning.
 Lancing: -

● The act of binding or fastening with a cord or thong passed backward and forward
through holes or around buttons or hooks.
● A method of fastening the adjoining ends of a belt by the use of a thong or lace.
● In bookbinding, the fastening of the boards of a book to its back by cords which
pass around the sewed threads of the signatures and through holes pierced in the
boards.
● A cord used in drawing tight or fastening; laces in general.
● Nautical, the cord or rope used to lace a sail to a gaff, yard, or boom, or to fasten
two parts of a sail or an awning together.
● In ship-building, a piece of compass- or knee-timber fitted and bolted to the back of
the figurehead and to its supporting piece, called the knee of the head. Also called
lace-piece.

Battening: -

• Batten has multiple meanings in construction and shipbuilding but is generally a

strip of solid material, historically made from wood but can also be made
from plastic, metal, or fiberglass. In a sense used in flooring a batten may be
relatively large, up to 2.5 inches (6.4 cm) thick by 7 inches (18 cm) wide and more
than 6 feet (1.8 m) long.
• In the steel industry, battens used as furring may also be referred to as "top hats", in

reference to the profile of the metal.

• Batten trim or batten molding is a thin strip of trim, typically with a rectangular

cross-section, used to cover seams between panels of exterior siding or interior

paneling.
Gusset Plate: -

Gusset plates are thick sheets of steel that are used to connect beams
girders to columns or to connect truss members. A gusset plate can be fastened to a
permanent member either by bolts, rivets or welding or a combination of the
three. Gusset plates not only serve as a method of joining steel members together
but they also strengthen the joint. They are used in bridges and buildings as well as
other structures.
Gusset plates are usually either made from cold rolled or galvanized
steel based upon their use.
Gusset plates can be made into a variety of shapes and sizes and from a range
of materials. These calculations are made based upon the forces and loads applied
to the gusset plate through the nearby steel components. A gusset plate can be
either the only connection method or it can be used in conjunction with bolts or
welds.

Beam To Beam and Column To Beam: -

Simple connections are nominally pinned connections that are assumed to transmit
end shear only and to have negligible resistance to rotation. Therefore do not
transfer significant moments at the ultimate limit state. This definition underlies
the design of multi-stored braced frames in the UK designed as 'simple
construction', in which the beams are designed as simply-supported and the
columns are designed for axial load and the small moments induced by the end
reactions from the beams. Stability is provided to the frame by bracing or by the
concrete core.
Three stages:
Ensuring that the joint is detailed such that it develops only nominal moments
which do not adversely affect the members or the joint itself. The joint should be
detailed so that it behaves in a ductile manner.
Identifying the load path through the joint i.e. from the beam to the supporting
member.
Checking the resistance of each component.
For normal design there are ten design procedure checks for all the parts of a beam
to beam or beam to column joint for vertical shear.
A further six checks are necessary to verify the tying resistance of the joint. Beam
to column connections must be able to resist lateral tying forces unless these forces
are resisted by other means within the structure, such as the floor slabs.

The benefits of standardization of connections are discussed for beam-to-beam and

beam-to-column connections using fin plate and flexible end plate connections.
Column splices, column bases and bracing connections are also discussed together
with a brief mention given to special connections.
Slab Base and Column Base: -

Column bases are structural elements used in the design of steel structures to
transfer the column load to the footings.
Types of Column bases
Slab base
Gusseted base

Slab Base :-
Slab bases are used where the columns have independent concrete pedestals. A
thick steel base plate and two cleat angles connecting the flanges of the column to
the base plate. In addition to these, web cleats are provided to connect the web of
the column to the base plate. These web cleats guard against the possible
dislocation of the column during erection. The ends of the column and also the
base plate should be mechanized so that the column load is wholly transferred to
the base plate.
Area of base plate= (load of column)/(permissible bearing stress in concrete)
Gusseted base :-
Gusseted bases are provided for columns carrying heavier loads requiring large
base plates. A gusseted base consists of a base of reduced thickness and two
gusseted plates are attached one to each flange of the column.

Gusseted Column Base :

The gusseted plates, cleat
angles and fastenings (bolts,
rivets) in combination with
bearing area of shaft shall be
sufficient to take all loads.
 Anchor Bolts: -

● Steel anchor bolts must have a curved shape, like an “L” or a “J” to increase
resistance and keep the bolts from shifting as the concrete dries.

● All structural steel columns must be connected to the foundation with a minimum of
four anchor bolts. (The illustration above, for example, has three bolts on each side
of the tapered steel column.)

● All foundation anchor bolts must be perpendicular to the concrete surface at exactly
90 degrees.

● The concrete engineer determines the length of the anchor bolts used. (In general,
industry standards say the length of the anchor bolt should be at least 20 times the
diameter of the bolt.)
● A template must be used to insure exact placement of anchor bolts in concrete. (See
illustration.)

● Anchor bolt placement cannot deviate more than 1/16” from the location designated
on the Anchor Bolt Plan.

● Strict adherence to ALL governmental Occupational Safety and Health

Administration (OSHA) regulations and local building codes is paramount.

● The structural design engineer must approve in writing any changes or

modifications in anchor bolts.
Conclusion: -

By this visit to Industrial Steel Structure, we all were able to know how the Steel
Structure actually functions and what are the processes on Structural Design and its
Components carried out practically. We also got to know the all System and process
of Industrial Building Roof Trusses and Welded Plate Girder.