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TP1 2023-2024
TP1 2023-2024
I. Aim of the PW
- Application of safety measures.
* From a liquid.
* From a solid.
II. Theoretical background
✓ Solution : In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture resulting from the
dissolution of one or more solutes (dissolved chemical species) in a solvent. The solute
molecules (or ions) are then solvated and dispersed in the solvent.
✓ Solvant : Constituent present in greater quantity and in the same physical state (phase)
as the solution.
➢ Molarity (M) (molar concentration) : the number of moles of solute per liter of
solution. (mol. L-1) :
M = C.n = n/V
➢ Normality (N) : the number of gram equivalents of solute per liter of solution.
The gram equivalent is the quantity of solute comprising one mole of the particles under
consideration (H+, OH, e ...etc.).
Normality = number of gram equivalents x Molarity.
N=z.M
• For acids Z is the number of H+ released during the reaction
1
• Example : NaOH = Na+ + HO- (Z= 1) ;
Mass concentration : It is the weight concentration expressed in units of mass per liter of
solution, generally expressed in g. L-1.
Note : Adding a solvent (for example, water) to a solution does not change the amount of
solute, but it changes the concentration of the solution.
n1 = n2
2
Procedure:
IV.2. Preparation of a dilute acetic acid solution (C2H4O2) from a commercial solution :
Procedure :
- Put the calculated volume V in the 100 ml flask using a graduated pipet.
- Close the flask with a stopper and shake the solution to homogenize it.