Reference

https://courseware.cutm.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Determination-of-Carbonate-and-
Bicarbonate-in-irrigation-water.pdf

I ANG NAA RA DNHI KAY THEORY,MAT. NEEDED, PROCEDURE UG CALCULATIONS. WA SIYAY RESULT
NAKA INDICATE.

Titration of a certain amount of water utilizing phenolphthalein and methyl orange as

indicators in comparison to a standard acid. First, an indicator called phenolphthalein is

introduced. When all of the carbonates in the sample water are transformed to bicarbonates upon

adding the slandered acid dropwise, the pink hue vanishes. Methyl orange is introduced at this

point to serve as an indication. The sample water is now yellow in hue. Continue titrating against

the same defamed acid. When the end-point is achieved, the color becomes orange. 0.05M

H2SO4, 100 ml of sample water, conical flasks, a burette, a pipette of 25 ml, phenolphthalein,

and methyl orange indicator are all required for this experiment. As for the procedure, 25 ml of

the sample water should be pipetted into a dry, clean flask. Phenolphthalein 5 drops should be

added. The pinking of the solution indicates the presence of carbonates. Drop by drop, stir in the

acid from the burette until the mixture is colorless. Take note of the reading, then add 3 drops of

methyl orange to the same volume of solution. Yellowing occurs in the solution. Continue

titrating by adding acid from the burette drop by drop until the color becomes orange. Recall the

reading. Until consistent readings are achieved, this method should be done several times using a

fresh amount of sample water each time. If X ml. As for the calculation, If X ml. To convert the

number of carbonates present in 25 ml, 0.05 M H2SO4 is needed to bicarbonate

(phenolphthalein), sample water 2X ml after reading. It will be necessary to neutralize the

complete amount of carbonates using 0.05 M H2SO4. If Y ml. 0.05 M H2SO4 is necessary to Y-

X ml after neutralizing bicarbonates (Methyl orange reading). Because X ml, 25 ml of the

sample water will need to include 0.05 M H2SO4 to neutralize the bicarbonates it is necessary

to the carbonates' bicarbonates should be neutralized. (Richards, 1954)