Professional Documents
Culture Documents
U1 - Generalidades
U1 - Generalidades
U1 - Generalidades
la anatomía
humana
#!$%&'!()*+,!-.*#-/!01**+$12/!,!*+$314$13!&536
!"
=%$ >$=
+' 31* -%&% ;1#$% 2* ;!3$'2! ;!3! ,! 2*+ -3'; -'*# 2* -"+$31-$ <
H';*2!
C
*3*-$! C
,! 8'+$! !, =%3'I%#$*
H3!I%+ ,'
C
! ,!2% 2*, $3%#,% C
!#$* H3!I%+ 3%$!2%+
;!,&!+
C
N ;,!#% -%3%#!, L
2'8'2* *# 1#! &' $!2 ;%+$*3'%3 9 !#$*3'%3 O 8*#$3!,P
O % $3!#8*3+!, P
2.S. 2* *# 1#! &'$!2 -3!# *!, 9 %$3! -!12!,
*T* ,%#7'$12'#!,
L
2*, ;,!#% =%3'I%#$!, O ,*6!,%;%2!C,/ -% P
K Q
N
$*3 &'#%+ 2* 3*,!-'%C# 9 -%#';!3!-'%C&
UP &*2'!, 9 ,!$*3!,
AP -3!#* !, 5 -!12!,
VP +1;*3'%3 * '#6*3'%3
O WXF4YZ4XP
O WXF /Y[BF
X /X /.\YX &Y].4.\X P
C&
@P H!+!, 9 !;'-!, L *#
%37!#+ 2* 6%3&! ;'3!#' 2!, % ab. -! <
*T ( ;1,&%
O ]Y\GZB ]Y/
4BW_XZG.W.Y\GB
M ';+',!$*3!, d =BWB ,!$*3!, L U *+$ < 01* -" +$!# 2*, &' +&% ,!2%
;!3'*$!,
f 3*,!-'%#!2% ;!3*2*+
L
a# ,!+ 2*, a&;!3$'&*#$%
g 8'+-*3!, L
3*,!-'%#!2% bbb<+%37!#%+ 2*#$3% 2*, a&;!3$'&'*#$%
M !:'!, L
+* 2'+ ;%#* F. 7d. *#2% *, *T* 2* ,! &*2'!,
&%8'&'*#$% + H!+'#+ 6,*:'%# *:$*#+'%#
P
K !#71,!3 % *# H' +!73!
(hh((((eeW((((.
;,!#% !" $3!8*+
L
+!7'$!, 2* 1#
i
N !H 2d44.BC# ' !" 2d44.BC#
L
;,!#% -%3%#!, !$ 3!8*+ 2* 1# *+* +!7'$!,
jkjj\lmmm<XB<\bW<B<Y<dX << << < << JE\nJ <XW < < <<
c" ?A5 J
6%3&! 1# -%&% <
o
g 3%$! -.BCW
WY].X
p
q
'$!,'! ,! ,'#*! &*2'!,
r
/XGYZX/ q *# a# $3! 2* ,! &*2'!,
` _ZBb !4.Bb
"
K '#8*3+'%# "
-" SYZF.B\
L ;,!#% -%3%#!,
'
*T* !#$*3% ;%+$*3'%3
-.BCW 2*;*+'%CW
t *" ,*8! "
g -.B C# _BF.G.B\ L
%2% +' "
3* ;,!#% %H,'-8%
gu 5v>5A?<'*u7%!!!
wskgwwj
C
;3%8* * *, !3&!I%C# 2* +% ;%3$* R -%#*-$'8' 2!2 ;!3! %$3%+ ?" *T'2%+ 2*, -1*3;%
jkugxewyjm
Z
u
Z
C
+* 6%3&! *# ,! +*3! +*&!#! 2* 7*+$!,$*# J
! ;!3$' 3 2* 1#! -!2! ,,!&! 2!
< <
&*+%2*&! *& ?V?U?5# !3'%
S
"
$ ';%F L
-!3 "?? ,!7%
L =1*+%
L !2' ;%+%
L $- ,!:%
=*&!$%;%9*$'-% O &*21,!%+*!P
L
L
$- 2*#+%
"
73'*7% L
2*+*-!2% J
&%&'!
"
,!$'# L
=8*+%+ 2*, -1*3;%
C
-%#+$'$8'2% ;%3 -< !3$' ,!7% 9 =1* +%+ O U5> =8*+%+ P
"
+1H731;%+ ( \ P *+01* ,*$% !:'!, q -3!#*%
J
$%3!:
J
-%,1&# ! 8*3$*H3!,
=8*+%+
P
l *+01* ,*$% !;*#2'-8,!3 q 2* ,%+ &'*&H3%+ +1;*3'%3 * '#6*3'%3 <
6
C
<
K +%;%3$!3 ?" *T'2% H,!#2% <
*A q ;! H*,,%# !13'-1,!3
J
!;*#2'-* #!+!, <
C C C
;3%$*7* =1*+%
.
M !3$3%+'+ L
;*3 2'2! 2*, O !3$' ,!7% !3$'-1,!3
$';'
O !3$'
,!7% -" ,!+ $'-% ( 73!# #
C
2* 6' H3!+ *,!+$'- !+ <
*T (
-< !3$' ,!7% 2*, ;! *,,'# !13'-1,!3 <
-*,+ *A (
2'+-% '#$*38*3$*H3!,
6'H3%-!3$',!7% ( '&;%3$!#$ * -!#$ ? 2!2 2* 6C H3!+ 2* -%,! 7*#% 9 ;%-!+ <
L +%# ,%+ &!+ 3*+'+$ *# $*+ *# *, -1*3;% =1&! #% 2'+$3'H89*# k +%;%3$!# -!37!+ <
J
$ *T'2% O %#*-$'8% 9 &!9%3
"
-!,-'6'- !2% 8'8' *#$* 01* 6%3&! ,! ;!3$* 2*, *+01* ,*$% <
f
C
,! &!$3'I *:$3! -*,1,!3 *+$! +!$1 3!2! 2* +!,*+ 2* -!,-'% 9 6%+ 6%32 O ,* 2! 3*+'+$*#-'! !, *+ $3*+ P
$';%+2*$*+'2%T+*%*+;%#T%+%
( -%#T1#$% 2* $3!H*,1,!+ %C+*!+ 01* +* 2'+ 2%#*# *# 6%3&! 3*$'-1,!3 R 2*,'&'$ !#
O !" 8'2! 2*+ ;!3! *, !,&! -*#! &'*# "?5 2* +!,*+ 2* -!,-'% 9 6%+ 6%3% <
L
+* +,'8! *# *, -*#$3% 2*, =1*+%
L +* 2'+ 2%#*# *# ,! -%3$* U! 2*, =1* +% ;!3! ,! '# +*3'% 2* $*# 2%#*+ ,'7! &*#$%+ J
J
*,*&*#$%+ ;*3' !3$'-1,!3 *+ -%&% &*# J +a+ < -!;+8,!+ ,!H31& <
Z
CF
WX ]Yz.G
68#-/%#
L *+$31-$13!+ 2* +% ;%3$* ;!3! *, -1*3;% O *+01*,*$%P
L +' 31* 2* ;!,!#-! ;!3! ,! !44.B\ &1+-1,!3 O ;*3&'$ CG '#$*3!-$ 8!3 -%# *, &*2'% P
L !,&! -*#! &* 28,! %C +*! 3%T! O U< *3! -" $!;! 2* ,! 8'2! P 9 !&!3',,! O *# =1*+%+ ,!37%+ 9
!,78#%+ ;'!#%+ P
"
&* &H3!#! 6'H3%+! 9 H,!#08* -'#! 01* -%H3* ,%+ =1*+%+ J
+!,8%
"
!,&! -*#! -*,1,!+ -%# -!2! -/ 2!2 2* %+$*%7*#*+'+ O %+$*%H,!+$+ P
C
&19 8!+ ,8,!3'I!2% * '#*38!2% O &!9%3 ;%$*#-'!, 2* 3* 7*#*3! 2*, =1*+%P <
K 5A? 6'-! -'%# '#$3! &*&H3!#%+! ( *, $* +'2% %C +*% +* 6%3&! 2'3*-$!&*#$* +%H3* *, $*T '2% -%#*-$'8% ;3'&'$'8% %
L +* 3*#% -*# ;%3 +*3 ,%+ 01* ;3%$*7* # %37!# %+ 8' $!,*+ <
M %+'6'-!-'T# *#2%-%#23!, (
$* "A? 2% %C +*% 3**& ;,!I! !, O!3$' ,!7% ='! ,'#% ;3**:'+$*#$ * <
L 2!+!# 2*, &*+*#08'&! ! -!3$ ',!7% ='! ,'#% 9 ,1*7% ! =1* +% 9! 01* ,! &!$3'I 2*2* +*3 &!C+ 3*+'+$ *#$*
J
L *# 2*+!33%,,% *& <H3{%#!3?% *, O !3$' ,!7% *+ 8!+-1,!3 ;%3 *+% ;!+! =1* +%
J ! <
+H|Xf!BXgs!==f!a 555&e
O +*71# ,! 6%3&! 2* ,%+ =1*+%+ P
K =1*+%+ ,!37%+ ( 2*+$! -! +1 2'!#* "??U5 ;%3 +%H3* *, 3*+$% 2* +1+ 2'&*#+'%# *+ <
L *;'6'+'+ q
*:$3*&%+ 2*, =1*+%
C
L &*$! 6.FGF
"
+* *# -1*# $3! *, O !3$' ,!7% *# -3*-'&'*#$% O ='! ,'#% P
C
;*3&'$ * 01* *, =1*+% -3*I-! <
"
-%# $'*#* O !#$' 2!2 &%2* 3!2! 2* ,%,! 7*#% <
61#-/ ( A? 31* -%&% H3!I% 2* ;!,!#-! ;*3&'$ ? *#2% *, 2*+ ;,!I! &'*# $%
6" !, !#7*+
3!2'% "
$'H'!
"
O &*$! -!3
6*&13 1,#! 6'H1,! ;'!#%
+%# 3*+ '+ $*# $*+ ! ,!+ 73!#2*+ ;3*+ ,%#*+ 9 2!# *+$! H',' 2!2 <
61#-/ ( +%;%3$!3 -!3 7!+ ( =1*+%+ 2*, -!32% O>P 9 $!3+% O@P
Q =8*+%+ ;'!#%+ ( ;3* 2%&'#! *, ,!37% 9 !#-=% ;%3 +%H3* *, *+;*+%3 <
f ,! -" +-!;1,! #% *+ =8*+% ;,!#% ;%3 61#2 +'#% 01* ;%3 *+$ }1,$13! <
g =8*+%+ '33*71,!3 *+ (
61#-<'%{#"(+5;53$!-!37!+ 9 ;3%$*7* <
o
*A ( 8'+*3%,3!#*% L ;%3 !#$*3'%3 J
*, -1*3;% +%;%3 ?" ! -!37! O =1*+% -%3$% P
L ;%3 ;%+$*3'%3 *, !3-% ;3*+*#$ ! 1# 6%3!&*# 01* ;3%$*7*
J
&e"A (
8*3$*H3! + -*38' -!,*+ J
$%3! -' -!+ J ,1&H !3*+
J
+!-3% J
-%: C+ <
6d\4G.B\ (
!1& *# $!3 *, ,9 2* '#+*3-'%C# 2* 1# $*#;'# +%H3* 1# =1*+%
;!3! =!-*3,% CF
&! *6' ,'*# $* &* -!# ' -!&* # $*
"
-%#T1#$% 2* *,* &*#$%+ 5 ?" *T'2%+ 01* ;*3&'$ *# ,! 1#'T# *#$3* l B WXCF =1*+%+ <
"
;8*2* 5 #% ;*3&'$ C
3 -'*3$%+ 73! 2%+ 2* ,'H*3$!2 2* &%8'&'*#$% <
L =1*+% "
- !3$' ,!7%
`• <
••uG`•
*+$!C# O *#$3*
+%# !01*,,!+ -1$ !+ +1;*36'-'*+ !3$'-1,!3 *+ 1#'2!+ ;%3 $* A? 2% -%#*-$'8% 6'H3% +% <
=1*+% "
=d *+% P
)#
K !3&%# J -! O ;,!#! P ( ,! 3* ,! -'% *#$3* +1;*36'-'*+
F !+!
C
M *+ -!#%+! O H'+* ,!2!P ( +1;*36'-'*+ 2*+ 7!+ $!2!+ *# +*#$ '2% %H,'-1%
*# ;%+'-'T# %;1*+$! J
+* +1;*3 ;%# *# <
*A ( +1$13! $*&;% 3B
"
;!3'*$!, O 6%$%P < *+6*#% ;!3'*$!, J
!3$' -8,!-'%C# 2%#2* 1#! +!,' *#$* *+*! +* !,* A! *# 1# -%#28-$% <
-!#!,*+
)
+%# 01* +*
)
!2!;$ !# !, 2'*# $* <
<kh h (h h
O ;3' &!3'!+ P O +*-1#2! 3'!+P
hhh(hhhhhhhhhhhhhh(h(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh
C
(~
(hhhhh(hhhhhhhhhh(hhhhhhh )))
%2! *GDX\ AA|DW ADA|<
,% 01* &!C+
$'*#*# &!+ &% 8',' 2!2 ;%3 +%# &*#2+ *" +$!H,*+ 9 ?@5R5
J
#* -*+' $!# ! -%&% (
p
+1;*36'-'*+ !3$'-1,!3 *+ ( A? #% ,! $'*#* #% =!9 !3$'-1,!-'%#
J
p
-!3 "?? ,!7% !3$'-1,!3 (
+'# *, $*#3' !&%+ !3$ ?U5A?A *8'$! *, -%#$!-$5
J
L 6'H3%+! q 6%3&! 2! ;%3 $* "A? 2% -%# *- "??R5 ?q??V?U5A5 *#88*,8* ,! !3$' ,1,! -'%#
J
L +'#% 8'!, q *#81*,8* 9 $!; ?U! ,!+ ;!3*2*+ '#$*3# !+ 2* ,! -!;+1,! !3$'-1,!3
6%3 &!2! ;%3 +'#%-'$%+ 01* +* -3*$!# ,'08'2% +'#% 8'!, 01* +* +' $1! *# ,! -< ! <
3%,* "
#%$3* <
"
6!8 %3* ,* *, &%8'&'*#$% " $'*#* -*,+ <
-%# -!;!-'2!26!7%-'$'-! <
"
*8'$! ,!+ !2=*3*#-'!+
5 ,'7! &*#$%+ 2* 3* 61*3I% ( H!# 2!+ 2* $*T '2% -%#*-$'8% 01* H3'#2 !# *+$! H',' 2!2 9 ,'&'$!#*' &%8'&'*#$% <
3*68*3I!'9 !3$'-8,!-'%#*+ J
&!# $'*#* 3* ,!7%C& *#$3* U =1* +%+ <
L *:$ 3'#+* -%+ +* '#+*3$ !# ! 2* !3$ '-1 ,! -'%# *+$! H',' I!#2%,! ,'&'$ !#2% +1 ?R5???R 2!2
2'+ $!# -'! ,!
9
q
<
J
*T (
,'7 < -%#%' 2*+ 9 $3!;*I%'2 *+ 1&' $!# ,! !3$ < !-3%&'%,,!8'-1,!3 <
p
,!H31& 5 3%2* $* (
6/ H3%-!3$',!7% &!37'#!, 01* !8 &*#$! ,! +1;*3 6',,* !3$'-1,!3
2* -%# 6!-$% *#$3* U =8*+%+ ;!3! ,%73!3 !3$'-8,! -,%#*+ &!+ -%#731*#$ *+ J
*T ( , <
!-* $!H1,!3 O ,!2*3! P J
, < 7,*#%'2*% O =%& H3%P <
01* *+$* +% ;%3$! -!37!+ !H+%3H CG '&;!-$% 2* -=% 01* *#$3* ,!+ +1;*36'-'*+ !3} <
J
*T ( *# ,! !3$ <
6*&%3% $'H'!, $*&;%3%&!#2'H1,!3 *+$*3#%-,!8'-8,!3 <
J
J
% H%,+! + +' #%8'! ,*+ ( -%T'#*$*+&*&H3!#%+ ,8H3'-!2%+ 01* 2'+&'#19*# *, 3%,* ;%}
"
F
r "
% B
2* <
"
O H'+!73! "
$3% -,*!3
P 1#! 2* ,!+ +1;*36'-'*+ !3$ <
*+ 1#! $3%,, *! <
$3%,,* ! q
+1;*3 6',,* 01* ;3* +*#$! 1#! 7!37!# $! -*#$3!, 9 U 8*3$'*#$*+ ,!$* 3!,*+
01* ;*3&'$ *# -!&H'!3 ,! 2'3*--'%C& 01* *T*-8$! 1# $3!H!T% ;!3! &*T%3 !3 +1 *6' -'*#-'!
*T ( 6*&%3%;!$*,!3 J
=8&*3%8,#!3
J '#$*36!,!#7'-! J
$!,%-313!, O $%H',,% "
2%3+' 6,*: " ;,!#$ ' 6,*: P
+* 2! -1!#2% 1#! 2* ,!+ +1;*36'-'*+ !3$ < 7'3! $%3#% ! 1# ;'8%$ CG <
<
"
;3%:'&!, 9
J
<
J
-%#2',%
(
3* ;!3% %C +*% 3*,!$'8!&*#$* ;*01*#% !3$ *,' ;$'-% 9 H'-%#8*:%
<
J J
*+$*3#%-,!8'-1,!3 J
?" !" ,%-!, -!#*! ;%+$*3'%3 <
'
C
7!#% -!;! U 2* -%#$3! *3+* < <
" . <
J
<
J *#* ! -!37% *, &%8'&'*#$% 2*, -1*3;% 9 *, -!&H'% 2*, $!&! #C 5R 6%3&! 2*
<
a A|<A<? A?<A<?
K +*71# ,%-!,'I!-'T#
"
+%&!$'-% { *+01* ,* $'-% ( 6%3&! ;!3*2*+ 2*, -1*3;% <
+* +'$1 !C # +%H3* *, *+01* ,*$% =1&!#% <
" 8'-* 3!, ( +* 2'+ ;%# *# *# ,!+ ;!3*2*+ 2* %37!#%+ ???A?5A5A 9 =1* -%+ <
*T ( *+$% &!7% J
1$*3% J
*+%6!7% J
'# $*+$'#% J
8* 7'T! <
+ # ; +%&!$'-%
C
8%,8#$!3'%+ (
-%#$3%, !2% ;%3 *, < < <
<
"
'#8%,1#$!3'%+ ( -%#$3%, !2% ;%3 *, + # " <
; < !1$% #%&%
*A (
*+%6!7% '# $*+$'#% 2*,7!2% <
J
C
*F "??U? !2% *+08*,*$'-% ( -%#2*#+!-'%#*+ 2* ;3%$*'# !+ -%#$3!-$ ',*+ ,*+ $3'*+P
+* !,$*3&!# H!#2 !+ ,%# 2*#+! 2!+ 9 2*+ -%# 2*#+! 2!+ 2* 6'H3!+ -%#$3!-$',* + <
6%3&!# 1# ;!$3%# !$' 73!2% &!+ #% "?5?U?5 +*! *+$* &!C+ 2%$*# $* *+ ,! -%#$3! -/.BC#
J
J
*# *, &'% -!32'% O-%3!I%#P
"
*+$3'!2% ,'+% ( #% $'*#* *+ $3'!+ J
+' $'*#* ;3%$*'# !+ -%#$3!-$ J ,*+ +%,% 01* #% +*
*T (
;!3*2*+ 2* %37!#%+ '#6*3#%+ <
L
!-$'8'2!2 *+6'#$*3'!#! (
-*33!3 -!8'2!2*+ % -%&;!3$'&'*#$%+
L
!,$'8'2!2 ;*3'+$!,$'- ! ( -%#$3! -,' %#*+ '#8%,1#$!3'!+ 3'$&'-!+ 9 !,$* 3#!+ 01* ;*3&'$ *#
J
' k
6!+-$-1,% L 731;% 2* 6' H3!+ &1+-1,!3 *+ *#11*,$% ;%3 *, ;*3' ?R?A?5 <
J
!" 01*, ,! 01* ;% +** ,!+ 6'H3!+ &1+-1,!3 *+ < O -%#$3!-$ ', P -!H*I!
L 8' *#$3* ( ;%3 ,'%# =!+ !# -=! < &!9%3 ;%$*#-'=, -%#$3!-$ ', 8'*# $3*
$ <
-%#*-$'8% c" ??V?U5A5 O 2*#+% P 2* -%,%3 H,!08*-'#% O $%3#! +%,P 01* ;*3&'$ CG
J
L !;%#*13%+'+ (
!#-=%+ ;,!#% + *T ( $%3!-% ,1&H!3
" Y
" "
O \
'#$*3# !+ +-*;$% '#$*3 &1+-1,!3 *+ 01* ;*3&'$ *# -%&;!3 "?? &*=$! ,' I!3 <
O H13+!+ P
L +' #%8'! ,*+ ( -%#21-$ %+ &*&H3!#%+%+ ,1H3'-!2%+ 01* ;*3&'$ *# *, 2*+ ,'I! J
*T (
+'3 8*# ;!3! 01* +* 6,*-$* ? 2* 2% 9 #% $%2!+ <
L
6'H3%+!+ O 3*$'#!-1,% P (
H!# 2!+ 2* $ - <
01* 3* $'*#*# $*#2%# *+ 2* 1#
"
J '
+*7 (
6%3&! L 3%&H%'2* J
2*,$%'2* J
$3!; *,'% <
61# -'%CW L
*:$*#+%3 2* ,%+ 2* 2%+ J
6,*:%3
J
!H21-$%3 <
"
;BFG -.B #
L '#$* 3%+*% J
+88-,!8'% ='%2*+ J
+1;3! ?5 2*+ <
J
<H!u%!G-*2!=H88AHB!cD7
+**2%36
a a
" +'#*37'+$!+ ( -%# "??U? H19 *# *# ,! !--'%# 2*, !7%# '+ $! <
*T ( !#-%# *% <
*Hs!!-*!~*fa
L
&1,$' ;*#' 6%3&* ( 6%3&! 2%+ ;%3 &1,$';,*+ 6!+-'-1,1+ 01* +* }*1# *# ;!3! '#+*3$ !3+* ! $3!8*+ 2*
L
2'7!+$3'- % ( U 8'*# $3*+ +* -%&1#' -!# &*2'!#$ CG 1# $*#2%# <
L ;,!#% (
2%#2* ;3* 2%&'#! *, !#-=% 9 ,!37% <
*A ( $3!;*-'% J
7,8$*% &!: <
<
-!$'+'&% 2*, 2%3+% ;*-$%3!, &!9%3 <
J
"
<
*+G"13!01*,%%&;%#*#.<-%{U!U%#"8!+%+ L
!3$*3'$'+ J
8*#!+ J
-!;' ,!3*+ J
8!+%+,'#6!$'-%+ <
) C
)
2*+2* ,BF 2'6*3*#$*+ %37!#%+ 2*, -1*3;% 3*+;*-$ '8!&*#$* <
&*2'!+ $'#% J
*#$3* ,%+ ;1,! %#*+ ;%+$*3'%3 !, *+$*3 #%# 9 ! ,%+
O &! 7'#! 3'-! 1H' -!2! *#$3* *, R *" +$*3#!, 9 *, 2'+-% '#$*38*3$*H3!,
+' *#2% *# *, &*2'% 2%#2* +* 1H' -! *, +!,% ;*3' -!32' -% L -%3!I%# <
&*2'!+ $'#%
ƒ
K _\F.XYbXZ].b
!13'-1,!
K ! $3'%+ (
O !C &!3!+ ;%+$*3'%3 *+ 2* &*#%3 $!&! #C% 01* ;*3&'$ *# ,! ,,*7!2!
-%# ;!3*2*+ -%# &!9%3 -!#$'2!2 2* &1+-1,% -!32 $!-% O &'% -!32'%P
" &!&!+ -%,! $* 3!,*+ ( +!,*& 2* ,! 3!&! 2* ,! !3$*&'! -*#$3!, 213!#$* +8 $3!9*-$% <
3*
C
3!&!+ $*3&'#!, *+ ( +* %3'7'# !# -1!#2% +* $*3&'#' *, $3!9*-$% % ,! !3$* 3'! <
,! +!#73* 01* O ,*8!# 21* 2*3 %:'7*#!2! % 2*+%:'7*#!2! -%&% ,! 01*,,* 8!#
&!9%3
{
-!,'H3*
*
( !%3$! J
+88-,!8'!+<$}{G#08/5H3!a-*6!,/45J-!35$/2!+a&1#*+ <
f &%,*-8,!+ !H3! +'8!+ O !I1,! 3*+P ;3%21-* # ,! '#6,!&!-'%C# -3%#'-! 2* ,!+ ;!3*2*+ <
O =3$*3'%* +-,*3%+'+P
L 2*;%+'$%
!$* 3%* +-,*3%+'+ 2* 73!+! *# ,!+ ;!3*2*+ <
+%# 2* &*#%3 -!,'H3* *# 3* ,!-' %C # ! ,!+ *,!+$'- !+ 9 +* ,,!&! # !+$ ;%3 01* $'*#*#
2* ' 5 &!C+ -!; !+ 2* &8+,8,% ,'+% < *, |5$ < 2* ,!+ !3$*3'!+ 2*, -1*3;% +%# &1+-1,!3 *+ <
*' (
-*3*H3!, !#$*3'%3
J
&*2'! 9 ;%+$*3'%3 *+
J
-%&1#' -!# $*+ '#6*3'%3 *+ 9 ;%+$*3'%3 *+ J
w„'ihhco•
Bc $.ZB\Y u F 8*3$*H3!$*+ ) ) ) ) )) F 6" ,8T%
dW J 4XF J J
C
;B) ) ) ) C C C
"
O ,*#$% P
ƒ !+%+ +!#71' #*%+ 2* &*#%3 -!,'H3* +'# -!;!-'2!2 2* 8!+%-%#$3'--'%'8 % 2',!$=-'%C& <
! $3!8*+ 2* ,%+ a!,*+ +* 7*#*3! 1# '#$*3 -!&H'% 7!+* %+% 9 &*$! H%,' -% <
a!=**2<
8!+%+ +!#71' #*%+ 01* H3*#!# O 3*a ,*-$!3 +!#73* 2* 1# $* +'2% ;!3! ,,*8!3,! !, -%3!I%#P <
2'+ $3'H1'2!+ 2*#$3% 2*, $*+'2% +1H-1$!#*% < H3*#!# 2*+2* ,! 2'*, 9
q C
"
' \
K +'+$*&! 8!,81,!3 (
,!+ 8*#!+$'*#*+ 8!, 8!+ 01* +* !H3*#'&;8,+!#2% ,!
'
{
" "
4 \
;*3 &' $'*# 2% '# $*3-!&H'%+ &*$!H%,'-%+ ,%+ 8!+%+ 2* &*#%3 -!,'H3* +%#
<
) )
-*3*H3% < *+ 2*-'3*+$%+ +%# 8!+%+ +'$8!2%+ 1#' ,!&*#$CG *# *, -3!#*% <
61# -'%# .
23*a ! T* 2* +!#73* 2*, *# -*6!,% <
L
!3$*3'!, *+
L 8*#%+!+ O 2,*:%+8*#%+%+ P
L
!3$*3'%8*#%+!+ ( %-133* 3!3! 8*I <
+* ;3%21-* ! $3!8*C+ 2* 1#
*: '+ $*# ,%+ -!2' ,!3*+ O 8!+%+ '# $*3&* 2'%+ -%&1#' O !#$*+ P
… '
" "
O '
M +' 1#! ;!3$* 2* ,! !3$* 3'! +* %,,19* *, 3*+$% 2* ,%+ ;*01*#%+ 8!+%CF 8!# ! 7*#* 3!3 1#! '+08*&'!
1#! #*-3%+'+
O! -!1+! 2* 6!,$! 2* %l P J
A? #% +* 3*+1*,8* ;8*2* 3*+1,$!3 *# <
N - < #% $3'-'! ( *, -%3!I%# *# 8'! +!#73* ! 1# %37!#% % $* +'2% ,%# *, 6'# 2* %:'7*#!3,% <
-%3!#•S
8'*
Q 61# ,! ;3%-*+* 9
-,%#!, ( -1!#2% ,! 2*, 1# 01* ,! *#
-" +!#73* *+ *# 8,!2! ! %3*7!#% ;!3!
…
{
" ƒ
{ '
-'3-8,!-'%C& &!-* *# *,
+!#73* +!,* ;%3 ,! !3$* 3'!
L L L
O %U P
+'
c<
"
+* 5?U? 7'#! *# 1# 8*#$3'-8,% 2!+! !
)
.\(.)..<YFu.(((((((.(<<"_dWB\YF"((((.....<FF
O Fd %3'7*# 9 $*3& '#% +%# -%# +!#73*
-%#$3!,!$*3!, *+ P %:'7*#!2!
+' %l
†
C
+* %3'7'# ! a# $*3& '#!
O %l P
'
2'+$3'28-'%C#
2*+%:'7*#!2! 9 %37!#%+
O %:'7*#%!$*+'2%+P O 3!&!+ P
"
Y
"
"
' •>
-%32%# 1&H','-!,
L !3$*3'!+ 1&H','-!, (
$3!*# 2* 81*,$! ,! +!#73* <
"
Z
"
m
'
"
8*#! 1&H','-!, ,'7 < 3*2%#2% 2*,=' 7!2%
"
RR < 1&H','-!, *+ &*2'! ,*+
emmHc_c2HD&2sr u
8*#$!#! O 6%3!&*#P %8!, 6%+! %8!,
"
-%#21-$ % 8*#%+% ,'7 < 8*#%+% <
<**u'BH$*G*!!X%88BX!***2!
AA?v555AA?
;3%21-* #
!6*3*#$* O &!213! -'%# 2* ,'#6%,'$%+ P
O #%2%+,'#6!$',%+P
O -%#21-* P
'
6',$3!*, R 9171,% n ) ))
3e96
)
x
n
>5"? < 2*,'#6! FdSdXS.B 'I01'*32%
SXFkm[<'#„B!$YmBc"8!+5,?#6!$/b6/,$3!*,a{
"
*6*3*#$*
<
R 9878,% n 2d4 "?5 ,'#*! "??a
3*+ $!#$*
n O 1#' b P
+88-,!8'% 2*3*-=% 2*3*-=%
*T $'&% -3*!
L
( < ,'# 6%-' "?5A $ <
"
&* 21,! %C +*! 3%T! L -3*! !,71#%+,'#6%H,!+$%+
*T ( C
H!I% L ,'#6%-'$%+ H
C
,'#6%#%2%+
"
$*T '2% !+%-'!2% ! &1-%+! O &!,$ P
O +!,$ P
C
"
F
k
/ /
O ,/ ;/ 2%+ P ;!3! ;*3&'$ '3 ,! !H +%3% ! #'8*, 2* O !;' ,!3*+ ,'#6!$'-%+ *# *, '# $*+$'#% <
" 3*73*+% 2* ,%+ ,'#6%-'$%+ 2* ,%+ %37 !#%+ ! ,! +!#73* 8*#%+! <
g +'+$*&! ,'#*! $'-% L -%&'*#I! ! #' 8*, 2* ,%+ -!;',!3*+ 9 $*3& '#! !, 2* ,%+ R 917%+8H,,!8'%+ <
s ‡ A?<>A?
<XGu%!9!!%X8XB'%!V2‚5!%+.<%/<+*#+/$/8!(-!;$! +#;
,%+
O
*+$'&1,%+
!6*3*#$*&*#$* P
*:$*3# %+
!,
*
+#-
'#$*3# %+
<
J
C
" *6*-$%3! ( *+ ,! 3*+ ;1 *+$! ! ,%+ *+$'&1,%+ O *6*3*#$* P L &8+-1,%+ % 7,!# 21 ,!+
>e <
*6*3*#$*+ O &%$%3 !+ P (
,,*8!# *, '&;1,+% #*38' %+% 2*, +#- ! 1# *6*-$%3 <
*T (
&1,$';%,!3 *+ L 2*, +#; 2*+2* !=' ,,*8! *, '&;1,+% !, *6*-$%3
J
'#$*3# *13% #!+ ( +* -%#*-$!# -%# %$3!+ #*13%# !+ 2*, +#- '#$*3 -%&1#' -!#
J
S.X
L -*,1,!+ #%23'+!+ 2*, $* T' 2% -%#*-$'8% *+;*-'!, ?U! 2% 2*, *#2%2*3& %
O &*2*3&%*&H3'%#!3'%P #% 2*, *-$%2*3& % -%&% *, ?" *T'2% #*38' 5A5 O #*13%# !+P <
J
g &'* ,'#! (
† &;8*+$! ;%3 6%+6%,';'2%+
J
;3%$ <
-!33'*3 <
+d 6=P *+ !1&*#$!3
+#-
L !+$3%-'$%+ (
*,'&'#!# ,%+ 2*+ *-=%+
L &'-3% 7,'!+ (
+'+$*&! 2* 2*6*#+!
+#; L
#*13%,*&%-'$% )
-*, <
2* +=!a&# <
3*7*#*3!%' *# #*13%# !+ 2*, +#; <
L
-*, <
+!$' ,'$* ( *+$'&1,!# *, -3*-'&'*#$% -*,+ < &1+-1,!3 *+ <
-/BC#
6%3 &!2! !:%#*+
C
"
,%+ +%&!+ $'*#*# #1-,*%+ 01* 61#-'%#!# -%&% < ;3%$*7* *, A< # 9 !8&*#$! { 6!8%3*-* ,!+ 8'$!+ 2*
-*#$3% 2* '#$*73! -'%)# ,*,! H%3!# ,!+ 3*+;1*+$!+ -%# 21--'%C& #*38%+! <
J
!#!,'I!# P
+1+$!#-'! H,!#-! *+$! *# ,! 3*7'%C# -*#$3!, *# 6%3&! $3!- "?5A 9 6!+-'-1,1+ O -%#T1#$%
L
2*
p ='!+ 2* !" +%-'! 5 ( -%&1#' -!% *#$3* U ,%H%+ -*3*H3!, *+ 01* ;*3 $*#* -*# ! 1# #'+&% =*&'+6*3'% <
"
,!37! + q *#$3* ,%H%+ "
-%3$!+ q
*#$3* 7'3%+ 2* 1# #'+&% ,%H% <
p %$3%
-%&'+83!+ ( -%&1#' -!% *#$3* ,! -%3$* '! -*3*H3!, 2* 1# =*&'+6*3'% -%# ,! -%3$* ,! 2* <
"
-1*3;% -!,,%+% O ;1*#$* 2* 1#'%# P &!,6%3&!%' q !1$'+& % <
"
+%# ,!+ 8' !+ &!+ ,!37! + 01* $*#* &%+ *# *, -1*3;% <
A
' @
' C*6!,5:
&*28,!*+;'#!<,$
2.4Y $3!*#-*'-5
*H35
-*3*H*,ˆ
))p G
))))p )
)))))$
))))
=*&'+6*3'%+ !,!&5 ;8*#
+8H$!/<!&u+.*/%2!A/A/*%!'%H$*" A|<Ae
,% -%#+ $' $19*# #*38' %+ 9 7!#7,'%+ -%#*-$! !, +#- O %# *, &*2'% '#$*3# % 9 *:$ *3#% <
<
C
6 &!-'%#*+ #%21,!3 *+ *# *, $3!9 *- "?5 2*
C
-%#T1#$% 2* 6'H3!+ &1+-1,!3 *+ &!-3%+-%;'-!&*#$*
+ #*38'%+ <
C
+7& %3'7*#
L -3!#* !,*+ *+ ;'#!,*+ O &*28,! P <
J
C
-%# $'*#*# -1*3;% + -*,8,!3*+ 2* #*13%# !+
.
+7# 61# 5 L +*#+'$'8%+ J
&%$%3 *+ J
&': "?5A <
"
c" O ‰ P (
;3%$*7* # ,%+ +%&!+ 2* ,!+ !/ <
+*#+'$'8!+ <
o
L
L
e(((e. (+ (~( ((~(~ <)
*+$38-<$8{U!"#*39/%;*3/6*3/u
!:%# L *# 81* $% ;%3 #*13%,*&%,'$%+ O 6%3&!# &' *,'#! P 9
6!+'-8,% L
-%#T1#$% 2* !:%#*+ *#88*,$% ;%3 *, ;*3' #*13% <
J
9 ;*3'6!+'-1,!3 P
$';%+2*#*38'%+-3!#*!,*+ ( ?U ;!3*+
J
GB +* %3'7'# !# *# *, ?" 3%#-% *#-*6!,'-% 9 U 2*, -*3*H3% <
!1$% #%&+ ( &%$%3 *+ 8'+* 3!,*+ ! $3!8*+ 2* #*38'%+ -3!#* !,*+ 9 *+ ;'#!,*+ =!,,! ,%+
J
L +%# &':$%+ J
6%3&! 2%+ ;%3 1#! 3!$I &%$% 3! !#$*3'%3 9
L
,!+ U 3!' -*+ +* 1# *# *# *, 6%3!&*# '#$*38*3$*H3!, < O #*38'% +!,* : !01' P
L *, 3!&% 8*#$3!, %3'7'# ! ! 3!&%+ -%&1#' O !#$*+ 73'+* CF 9 H,!#-%+ 01* +* -%&1#' -!#
-%# 1# 7!#7,'% 8'+*3%&%$%3 ;!3! ,,*8!3 ,! '#6% +%H3* 1#! 8'+* }! <
L
,%+ 3!&%+ 8*#$3!, *+ 6%3&!# ;,*:%+ O -*38'-!, J
H3!01'!, 9 ,8&H%+!-3% P <
M ;,*:%+ #*38'%+%+ ( 3*2 < -%#T1#$% 2* #*38'%+ 01* +* 2'+$3'H19*# *# 1#! 3*7'%C# <
A?^|<555A|
<**u'%H$*G a
"
+d %3'7*# *+ $%3! -% "
,1&H!3 J
3!&%+ #!-*# "
! ;3%: < *#
$l =!+$! ,X ,l ;!#-3*!+
"
< 7,!#28,!+ J
=' 7!2%
J
<
&* 21,!
C
,! +1;3! 33*#!, ;3%21-* +8
) ) )) ))) )) ) )
(Š(e(((
hhhhhhhhh(hhhhhhh
c" 1#- 'T# +%# !#$!7%#'+$ !+ O +=!+ R{A +#!;+ P *:-*;$ % 213!#$* 3*,!:
(
J
,! +*:1!,
C
#*13%&! ;3*7!#7,'%#!3
(
2*+2* *, +#- =!+$! *, 7!#7,'% <
C
#*13%&! ;%+$7!#7'%#!3
(
2*+2* *, 7!#7=% !1$%#%&% =!+$!
*, %3 7!#% <
C
#*13% $3!#+ &' +%3*+ (
!&H! CF #*13%# !+ ;3* 7!#7,'%# !3*+ %-8;!# !-* "??, -%,'#! J
;*3% ,!
7,!#28,!+ J
+!,' 8!,*+ J
2* ,! ;'*, <