Name: _______________________________________________

[5] Formulae, Equations and

Amounts of Substance
Practice Test 1

Date:

Time: 50 minutes

Total marks available: 45

Total marks achieved: ______

2019-20

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Questions
Q1.

Hydrochloric acid is prepared by dissolving hydrogen chloride gas in water. It is difficult to dissolve
a known amount of hydrogen chloride, so the exact concentration of such solutions is uncertain. A
solution of hydrochloric acid of concentration between 0.095 mol dm –3 and 0.105 mol dm–3 was
prepared.

Before a class attempted a practical using this solution, a technician standardised the hydrochloric
acid with sodium carbonate solution. The technician dissolved 1.30 g of anhydrous sodium
carbonate in water and made up the solution to 100 cm 3.

The equation for the reaction which occurs is shown.

Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2

A 10.0 cm3 portion of the sodium carbonate solution was transferred to a conical flask. Three drops
of methyl orange indicator were added and the solution titrated with hydrochloric acid. The results
for the experiment are shown.

Complete the table and determine the concentration, in mol dm –3 of the hydrochloric acid solution,
giving the answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.
(5)

(Total for question = 5 marks)

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Q2.

What is the percentage by mass of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate, NH 4NO3?

[Molar masses/g mol−1: N = 14.0; H = 1.0; O = 16.0]

A 14.0%

B 17.5%

C 28.0%

D 35.0%

(Total for question = 1 mark)

Q3.

One possible method for the formation of nitric acid involves the reaction between dinitrogen
tetroxide and water.

3N2O4 + 2H2O → 4HNO3 + 2NO

Calculate the atom economy for the formation of nitric acid from this reaction.
(1)

(Total for question = 1 mark)

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Q4.

Sodium can form three oxides:

sodium oxide, Na2O
sodium peroxide, Na2O2
sodium superoxide, NaO2
It has been suggested that sodium superoxide could be used in spacecraft to regenerate oxygen.

Oxygen needs to be replaced in a spacecraft because an astronaut oxidises glucose, according to

the equation:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

Sodium superoxide can regenerate oxygen according to the equation:

4NaO2 + 2CO2 → 2Na2CO3 + 3O2

In order to maintain the correct percentage of oxygen in the air, any excess carbon dioxide could
be removed by using sodium oxide.

Na2O + CO2 → Na2CO3

Calculate the mass of sodium oxide that would be required to remove the excess carbon dioxide
when exactly 880 g of sodium superoxide is reacted per day.

You can assume that an astronaut oxidises 2 mol of glucose each day.
(4)

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Q5.

This question is about the reaction between sodium carbonate solution and dilute nitric acid.

Na2CO3(aq) + 2HNO3(aq) → 2NaNO3(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

(a) What is the ionic equation for this reaction?

(1)
A Na2CO3(aq) + 2H+(aq) → 2Na+(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

B Na+(aq) + → NaNO3(aq)

C + 2H+(aq) → CO2(g) + H2O(l)

D + 2HNO3(aq) → + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

(b) What is the volume of carbon dioxide produced from the complete reaction of 0.10 mol of nitric
acid at room temperature and pressure?
[1 mol of any gas occupies 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure.]
(1)
A 1.2 dm3

B 1.8 dm3

C 2.4 dm3

D 3.6 dm3

(c) What volume of sodium carbonate solution of concentration 0.500 mol dm −3, would be needed
to completely react with 25.0 cm 3 of nitric acid of concentration 0.250 mol dm −3?
(1)
A 6.25 cm3

B 12.50 cm3

C 18.75 cm3

D 25.00 cm3

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Q6.

This question is about the chemistry of propane-1,3-diol and propanedioic acid.

In an experiment, 15.2 g of propane-1,3-diol was oxidised to propanedioic acid, which is a solid

dibasic acid. This acid may be represented as H 2X.

250 cm3 of a solution was prepared from all of the acid in a volumetric flask.

10.0 cm3 portions of this solution were then titrated with 0.400 mol dm –3 sodium hydroxide solution.
The mean titre was 18.45 cm3.

H2X + 2NaOH → Na2X + 2H2O

[Relative formula masses: propane-1,3-diol = 76.0; propanedioic acid = 104.0]

(i) Calculate the moles of propanedioic acid in 10.0 cm 3 of the acid solution.
(2)

(ii) Calculate the mass of propanedioic acid in the 250 cm3 solution.
(2)

(iii) Calculate the percentage yield for the oxidation of propane-1,3-diol to propanedioic acid.
(2)

(iv) Give one reason why the yield calculated in (iii) is less than 100%.
(1)
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(Total for question = 7 marks)

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Q7.

1.12 g of iron reacts with oxygen to form 1.60 g of an oxide of iron. Use relative atomic masses: Fe
= 56, O = 16.

What is the formula of this oxide of iron?

A FeO5

B Fe2O10

C Fe3O2

D Fe2O3

(Total for question = 1 mark)

Q8.

What is the number of ions in 9.53 g of magnesium chloride, MgCl 2?

[Avogadro constant = 6.02 × 10 23 mol–1]

(1)
22
A 6.02 × 10
B 1.20 × 1023
C 1.81 × 1023
D 6.02 × 1023

(Total for question = 1 mark)

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Q9.

1.40 g of an alkene gave 3.77 g of a dichloroalkane on reaction with chlorine.

What is the molecular formula of the alkene?

A C2 H4

B C3 H6

C C4 H8

D C6H12

(Total for question = 1 mark)

Q10.

In an experiment, 1.000 g of a hydrocarbon, A, was burned completely in oxygen to produce 3.143

g of carbon dioxide and 1.284 g of water.

In a different experiment, the molar mass of the hydrocarbon, A, was found to be 84.0 g mol–1.

Calculate the empirical formula and the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon, A.
(4)

(Total for question = 4 marks)

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Q11.

A student used the apparatus in the diagram to determine the molar volume of a gas.

The student used a piece of magnesium ribbon, which was about 5 cm in length, and the dilute
hydrochloric acid was in excess. The experiment was repeated three times at 24°C and the
following results were obtained.

The equation for the reaction is

Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

(a) (i) Calculate the number of moles of magnesium used by the student in each experiment.
(1)

(ii) Use your answer from part (a)(i) to deduce the number of moles of hydrogen gas that
should be produced.
(1)

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 (iii) Calculate, using the Ideal Gas Equation, the volume of hydrogen gas, in cm3, that should
be produced in each of these experiments.
[pV = nRT R = 8.31 J mol−1 K−1 p = 101 000 Pa]
(4)

(b) Give a reason why the student repeated the experiment three times.
(1)
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(c) Give three reasons for the difference between your calculated value in (a)(iii) and the actual
volumes of hydrogen gas obtained by the student.
For each reason, identify a change to either the apparatus or the chemicals that could be made
by the student to improve the result.
(6)
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(Total for question = 13 marks)

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Q12.

This question is about hydrocarbons.

0.28 g of a gaseous hydrocarbon, J, was burned in excess oxygen.

0.88 g of carbon dioxide and 0.36 g of water were formed.
The volume of 0.28g of J at 1.01 × 105 Pa and 298 K is 123 cm3.

Use this information to show that the molecular formula of J is C 4H8.

(4)

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