SECTION - I: INTRODUCTION

Sewage treatment iS the process that removes the majority of the

contaminants from wastewater and produces both a treated effluent suitable
for disposal to the natural environment and sludge that can be used as
manure. To be effective, sewage must be conveyed to a treatment plant by
appropriate pipes and the process itself must be subjected to regulation and
controls. Other wastewaters require often different and sometimes
specialized treatment methods. At the simplest level treatment of sewage
and most wastewaters is through separation of solids from liquids, usually
by settlement. By progressively converting dissolved material into solid,
usually a biological flocculants and settling this out, an effluent stream of
increasing purity is produced.

With ever-growing population and rise in living standards, urbanization and

industrialization, the demand of water has increased rapidly. The total
suppiy of fresh water is itself iimited by the nature and at the same time,
drought, depletion of aquifers; deforestation and pollution have reduced the
availability of good water. On the contrary, providing saf6 and sufficient
drinking water and proper sewerage system remains as the challenging
tasks for many developing countries particularly so, in urban areas.
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