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Introduction To Biology
Introduction To Biology
Class Grade 9
Aim (s) To inform learners of the meaning and importance of science and
biology.
Personal Aim (s) To show learners usefulness and application of science and biology
in our everyday life
Learning objective(s) By the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
Assumption The learners are familiar with the characteristics of living things
Possible solution Lesson continues
Biblical principle Dan 1vs 4; Children in whom was no blemish , but well favoured and
skilful in all wisdom and cunning in knowledge and understanding
science.
The environment.
Procedure
Entry behavior; The teacher introduces the lesson by revising with the learners on
their previous knowledge on science
Science: Science is defined as a systematic process of making enquiry about the living and
non-living things in our environment. Human curiosity is one of the fundamental approaches
in the discovery of all scientific questions.
Biology: Biology is coined from two Greek words bios meaning life and logos meaning to
study, Therefore biology are simply defined as the study of life.
Branches of biology
a. Ecology. This is the study of plants and animals in relation to their environment
b. Morphology: This is the study of the external features of plants and animals
c. Anatomy: This is the study of the internal structures of plant and animals
d. Genetics: This is the scientific study of heredity and variation in living things.
Processes of Science
The processes of science involve the sequence of making enquiries about an object or thing
under study in science. Scientific methods of science take the following procedures;
1. Observation: This is the starting point of every scientific method. It involves the use of
sensors to describe what one has seen or felt about an object. Observation leads to
classification, interference and measurements
2. Hypothesis: This is an assumption, an idea that is proposed for the sake of argument so
that it can be tested to see if it might be true.
3. Method: This is to describe in detail the procedures that are required or the step-by-
step setup of the experiment
4. Observation: This record what was seen during and after the experiment has been set
up.
5.Conclusion: This is to draw conclusion on the outcome of the whole experiment based on
the final result and observations
Usefulness of science
Science and biology have too many good uses for the benefit of man. The usefulness of
science is limitless, below are some application of science;
1.Medicine: Science has contributed greatly to the manufacturing of vaccines and drugs
that are used today to cure various diseases of Man
2.Engineering: Ship building, skyscrapers, b ridges and roads have been designed and
constructed from the knowledge acquired from science
3. Agriculture: New breeds of animals and varieties of crops including fertilizers have
been developed and these have helped increase food production
5.Technology: Science has helped in the development of computers that have enhance the
efficiency of mankind in their activities
All things occupying space on earth are either living or nonliving living things. Includes
plants and animals that have life while non-living things includes does things that do not
have life, examples of living things are rabbits, elephant, grass, mango, etc while examples
of non-living things include air, stone, water, table, house e t c.
Living things are identified from non-living things by number of characteristics which
includes:
1. Movement: movement is defined as the ability of an organism to move his whole body or
part of his body from one place to another, organisms generally move with response to
stimuli to avoid danger to look for food.
4. Excretion: this is defined as the removal of metabolic waste products from the body.
The process of excretion is important as an organism is capable of releasing all toxic
substances from its body.
8. Adaptation: adaptation is the way living organisms get used to the environment in such a
manner that they would be comfortable. This is very important in other for a living
organism to survive in their habitat
9. Life span / Death: all living things have a limited period of existence therefore they
must die. A living thing must pass through five stages of Life namely; birth, growth,
maturity, declined and death
10. Competition: this is the ability of living things to struggle for all the necessities of life
in order to survive in their various environments. living things compete for food light,
space, water and mates in order to survive and continue existing.
Plants and animals are the two major groups of living things the following are differences
between them.
Plants Animals
Plants are not active and have no organs of Animals are active and have organs of
movement movement
Most green plants carry out animals cannot carry out photosynthesis
photosynthesis ( autotrophic) but not but depend on plants for their food they
green plants cannot( hero trophic) are heterotrophic
Plant have slow response to external Animals have fast response to external
stimuli stimuli
They possess no special sense organs They possess special sense organs
Gaseous exchange is through the entire Gaseous exchange is through special organs
body
growth is mainly restricted to growing Growth takes place in all parts of the body
regions
Outcome
Reflection
Conclusion By the end of the lesson the teacher gives and marks the notes.