UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL FRANCISCO JOSÉ DE CALDAS

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Y EDUCACIÓN

LICENCIATURA EN QUÍMICA
QUÍMICA ANALITICA

Laboratory Practical Report: neutralization volumetry

Group members:
Miguel Ángel Roldan Martin – 20211150027
Diego Alejandro Matamoros – 20182150028
Teacher:
Jesus Alvaro Jimenez Montoya

Abstract concentration of HCl in the sample was

calculated by stoichiometric calculations.
Neutralization volumetry is an essential
The results obtained were compared with
analytical technique used to determine the
reference values to evaluate the precision
concentrations of acids and bases in
and accuracy of the method.
solutions. In this practice, an acid-base
titration was carried out to determine the Theoretical framework
concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl)
In volumetric analysis the amount of
in an unknown solution. A standard
substance sought is determined indirectly
solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was
by measuring the volume of a solution of
used as titrant and phenolphthalein as
known concentration required to react with
endpoint indicator. During the titration,
the constituent being analyzed or with
NaOH was added gradually to the HCl
another chemically equivalent substance.
solution, recording the volumes until a
persistent color change was observed, The process of adding a measured volume

indicative of complete neutralization of the of the solution of known concentration to

acid. From the volume data and the known react with the desired constituent is called

concentration of the NaOH solution, the titration.

The solution of known concentration is a as it can be used in the titration of sodium
standard solution, which can be prepared hydroxide.
directly or by standardization by reaction
Standardization is nothing more than
with a primary standard.
obtaining a secondary standard that will be
used for quantitative determinations, since
if its concentration is known, it is possible
The end point of the titration is indicated
to know what the concentration of the
by an abrupt change in some property of
analyte will be once titrated.
the reacting system, estimated by means of
an indicator; this change should ideally When a high accuracy in the concentration
occur at the time when an amount of of the solutions is required, both the
reagent equivalent to that of the desired titrating solution and the solution to which
substance has been added, i.e., at the it will be titrated are standardized.
stoichiometric point of the reaction.
Reactions in which the titration method is
The standardization of solutions is a used include:
process that allows the exact determination
● Acid-base reactions. Using the
of the concentration of a solution. The
volumetric method, the concentration of
substances used for this purpose are called
many acids and bases can be determined.
primary standards.
● Redox reactions. Chemical
A solution is standardized using the
reactions involving oxidation are
volumetric titration method, either by
widely used in volumetric analysis;
classical or instrumental techniques
such as iodimetric determinations.
(potentiometry, colorimetry, etc.).
● Precipitation reactions. The silver
For this purpose, the dissolved species is
cation precipitates attached to an anion of
reacted with a primary standard weighed
the halogen group, such as chlorine,
in advance, making the use of volumetric
yielding silver chloride, AgCl.
material indispensable for this quantitative
analysis. ● Complex formation reactions. For
example, the reaction of silver with the
For example, sodium carbonate is a
cyanide ion.
primary standard used in the
standardization of acids, including
hydrochloric acid which becomes a titrant,
Characteristics of primary standards
Substances used as primary standards must
meet a number of requirements in order to
fulfill their standardization function:
1. have a known composition, since
otherwise it will not be known exactly how
much should be weighed (let alone
calculate its subsequent concentration).
2. Be stable at room temperature and
withstand the temperatures necessary for
drying in the oven, including temperatures
equal to or higher than the boiling
temperature of water.
3. Be of high purity. In any case,
impurities should not exceed 0.01 to
0.02%. In addition, impurities can be
determined qualitatively, which facilitates
the removal of possible interferences in the
analysis (wrong volumes of titrant used,
for example).
4. Be easy to dry and cannot be too
hygroscopic, i.e. retain water during
drying. Nor should they lose weight when
exposed to air.
5. Be soluble in the titration solvent.
6. Not absorb gases that can produce
interferences, as well as the degeneration
of the standard.
7. React rapidly and stoichiometrically
with the titrating reagent.
8. Have a high molar mass that reduces the
errors that can be made during the
weighing of the substance.
Methodology
For this practice 6 solutions will be used, 3
of which are acids while the other 3 are
bases, then the assembly for titration of
solutions is performed. Once the assembly
is prepared, a solution is given to which its
concentration must be determined, after
this, one of the remaining solutions will be
taken which will be neutralized by the
solution whose concentration is already
known, then the remaining solutions must
be titrated.
● Fill the burette with the NaOH
solution of known concentration.
● Measure 5 mL of the HCl solution
of unknown concentration with a
pipette and pour them into an
Erlenmeyer flask.
● Add a few drops of acid-base
indicator to the HCl solution.
● Open the stopcock of the burette
and add dropwise the NaOH
solution to the HCl solution,
constantly shaking the Erlenmeyer
flask.
● Observe the color change of the
solution, which indicates the
equivalence point of the
neutralization reaction.
 ● Record the volume of NaOH used Departamento de Química.
in the burette. Universidad Nacional. 2006.
● BRUMBLAY, R. Análisis
Results Cualitativo. CECSA, Nueva York,
1989.
● S, A. J., Jesús, H. M., & F, L. C.
(2002). Química analítica
cualitativa. Ediciones Paraninfo,
S.A.
● Ayres, G. H. (1977). Análisis
químico cuantitativo.
● Harris, D. C. (2001). Análisis
químico cuantitativo. Reverte.

Analysis of results

Conclusions
References
● Análisis Químico Cualitativo.
Prácticas de Laboratorio.